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2020学年人教版英语精品资料“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句Section_Grammar_&_Writing一、基本用法当关系代词在定语从句中充当介词的宾语时，我们用“介词关系代词(whom或which)”引导定语从句。如果指人，用“介词whom”；如果指物，用“介词which”。介词前置时，关系代词不能用that或who，即介词不与that或who连用。若介词后置则可以用that/who，还可省略。There comes Tom, for whom I have been waiting for an hour.汤姆来了，我等他等了一个小时了。He handed me a pen, with which I wrote down his phone number.他递给我一支钢笔，我就用它写下了他的电话号码。Do you know the boy that/who/whom she was talking to?你知道与她交谈的那个男孩是谁吗？二、“介词关系代词”结构中介词的选用一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：1先行词的意义；2从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；3句子的意思。Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted.(devote与to搭配)皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。He broke his glasses, without which he cant see anything.他打破了眼镜，没有眼镜他什么也看不见。三、“介词关系代词”的种类1介词which/whomIs this the car for which you paid a high price?这是你花大价钱买的车吗？The policeman with whom Mr Smith is talking in the office is my friend.正在办公室与史密斯先生谈话的那个警察是我的朋友。考题印证1(湖南高考改编)Care of the soul is a gradual process in which even the small details of life should be considered.(四川高考改编)In our class there are 46 students, of whom half wear glasses.2代词/数词介词which/whomMary has two brothers, both of whom are doctors.玛丽有两个哥哥，他们都是医生。The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% of which are sold abroad.这家工厂每年生产50万双鞋子，其中80%销往国外。2(重庆高考改编)John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of whom are family members.(山东高考改编)Maria has written two novels, both of which have been made into television series. 3the形容词比较级或最高级/名词介词which/whomChina has hundreds of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.中国有成百上千个岛屿，最大的是台湾岛。I will talk to those students the homework of whom hasnt been done.我要和没完成作业的同学谈话。The book, the cover of which/whose cover is red, is written by Mr Jones.这本书是琼斯先生写的，它的封面是红色的。3(江苏高考改编)The newlybuilt caf， the walls of which are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.4介词whose名词He lives in an old house, under whose roof live a family of birds.他住在一座老房子里，房子的屋檐下住着一窝鸟。We were grateful to Mr Li, in whose car we had traveled home.我们都很感谢李先生，我们就是坐他的车回家的。5“介词which”结构常可以和when, where, why互换Ill never forget the days when (in which/during which) I worked with you.我将永远不会忘记和你一起工作的那些日子。This is the office where (in which) I used to work.这就是我过去工作过的办公室。Id like you to explain the reason why (for which) you were absent.我想让你解释一下你缺席的原因。.用“介词which/whom”完成下列句子1In our class all the fifty students, only one of_whom didnt pass the exam, took part in the final exam.2The way in_which one student studies might be quite different from that of another student.3Can you see the desk on_which there is a book and two pens?4The man with_whom I share the room is a young teacher from college.5He works in a factory, at the back of_which there is a river.句型转换1There used to be a time when the Chinese people struggled for freedom.There used to be a time during/in_ which the Chinese people struggled for freedom.2Dont you want to explain the reason why you were late for the important meeting?Dont you want to explain the reason for_ which you were late for the important meeting?3He lives in an old room, whose roof has been damaged in the storm.He lives in an old room, the roof of_ which has been damaged in the storm.4We then moved to Paris where we lived for six years.We then moved to Paris in_ which we lived for six years.征求建议的信件假如你是某中学高一学生李明，最近与母亲关系紧张，难以相处。请根据下表内容用英语给某英文杂志“Helper”栏目的编辑Mr Smith写一封100词左右的信，请他帮你解决问题。你的情况你母亲的情况你的问题1.学习成绩好2爱母亲3有点害怕母亲1.大学教授，工作勤奋，很少有时间和你说话2对你很严厉，易发脾气1.很少与母亲交流2希望互相了解3不知如何沟通Dear Mr Smith，Im a middle school student and Im writing to tell you my problem which has troubled me for a long time.It is the relationship between my mother and me.My mother is a university professor, who works very hard.She is strict with me, but she is so busy with her work that she has little time to talk to me.I love her and I do well in my studies, but I still feel a little afraid of her because she loses her temper easily.I dont know how to communicate with her.Maybe its because we have seldom sat down and exchanged our feelings and thoughts.I hope we can understand each other better.I do hope well be closer.What can I do?Im looking forward to your reply.Yours sincerely，Li Ming第一段：介绍自己的情况，说明自己存在的问题，并征求对方的建议。第二段：盼望对方早点答复。亮点一：文章陈述问题清楚，求助态度恳切。亮点二：文中运用了不少重点短语和句型。如句分别运用了由which和who引导的定语从句，语意表达清晰明了；句正确使用了so .that .句型，为文章增色不少；句用助动词do来进行强调，表达出作者想跟母亲更亲密的强烈愿望及渴望收信人帮助的急切心情。如何写征求建议的信件征求建议的信件，一般分三个部分来写：1首先说明自己的情况，写信的目的；2第二步要讲明自己面临的困难和问题，要简洁明晰；3请求对方给出建议，并且在信的结尾要向对方表示感谢。1自我介绍，征求建议：My name is .Im writing to you for some advice on .Im writing a letter to you to get some advice on .Please give me some advice and I will appreciate it very much.2陈述自己面临的困难和问题：I have a new friend.However, .I can hardly bear/tolerate/put up with it any longer.I have great difficulty/trouble in doing .I dont know how to learn English.I really feel lonely at the new school.I find it difficult to .3请求对方给出建议：What do you think is the best way for us?Do you think its a good idea to .?I dont know what we should do to achieve this goal.Could you please tell me .?I would appreciate it if .I would be grateful if .假定你是李华，正在一所英国学校学习暑期课程，期间遇到一些困难，希望得到学校辅导中心(Learning Center)的帮助。根据学校规定，你需书面预约，请按下列要点写一封信：1本人简介；2求助内容；3约定时间；4你的联系方式(Email：lihua; Phone：12345678)。注意：1.词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3开头和结束语已为你写好，不计入总词数。Dear Sir/Madam，_Im looking forward to your reply.Yours，Li Hua参考范文：Dear Sir/Madam，Im Li Hua, a Chinese student taking summer courses in your university.Im writing to ask for help.I came here last month and found my courses interesting.But I have some difficulties with notetaking and I have no idea of how to use the library.I was told the Learning Center provides help for students and Im anxious to get help from you.I have no class on Tuesday mornings and Friday afternoons.Please let me know which day is OK with you.You may email or phone me.Here are my email address and phone number: lihua; 12345678.Im looking forward to your reply.Yours，Li Hua
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