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2020学年人教版英语精品资料现在完成时的被动语态Section_Grammar_&_Writing现在完成时的被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动性动作持续到现在或对现在造成的影响或结果。一、现在完成时的被动语态的构成have/hasbeen动词的过去分词二、现在完成时的被动语态的形式1肯定式：主语have/hasbeen动词的过去分词其他The problem has already been solved.问题早已解决。2否定式：主语have/hasnotbeen动词的过去分词其他They havent been told the exciting news yet, have they?他们还没有被告知这个令人兴奋的消息，是吗？3一般疑问式：Have/Has 主语been动词的过去分词其他？Has his new novel been translated into English yet?他的新小说被译成英语了吗？4特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词have/has主语been动词的过去分词其他？How long has the car been used?这辆汽车用了多长时间了？考题印证1(北京高考改编)Shakespeares play Hamlet has_been_made (make) into at least ten different films over the past years.(天津高考改编)In the last few years thousands of films have_been_produced (produce) all over the world.三、现在完成时的被动语态的主要用法1表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响与结果。当动词为短暂性动词时，可与already 或yet 连用，但不能与for或since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。Im sorry, but the letters havent been typed yet.很抱歉，这些信件还没有被打印出来。(结果是现在还拿不到这些信件)The work has already been finished.工作已完成了。(结果是现在不用做这项工作了)2表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并有可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long .？句型中。The plan has been discussed for nearly 2 hours.这项计划已被讨论了近两小时了。3用在时间或条件等状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。You can go home as soon as your task has been finished.你的任务一完成就可以回家。2(陕西高考改编)Though we dont know what was discussed, yet we can feel the topic has_been_changed (change)4非延续性动词在现在完成时的被动语态中的运用。非延续性动词，如borrow, finish, begin, start, buy, marry, open, join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与for 或since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，但可与already 或yet 连用。这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具有持续性，因而可与since 或for 构成的时间状语连用。No books have been bought since last week.自上周以来，没有人来买过书。这本书买了多久了？误：How long has this book been bought?正：How long ago was this book bought?5动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持完整性，不可省略动词短语中的介词或副词。The orphan has been looked after by his neighbours.这个孤儿一直由邻居们照顾。The problem has been paid enough attention to.这个问题已经被给予了足够的重视。3(全国卷改编)His sister left home in 1998, and has_not_been_heard (not hear) of since.用所给词的适当形式填空1When you get the paper back, pay special attention to what has_been_marked (mark)2Great changes have_taken (take) place in my hometown since 2000.3When I reached the station, the tickets had_been_sold (sell) out.4In some parts of the world, such as in England, tea is_served (serve) with milk and sugar.5As for the English Speaking Competition，when and where it will be held hasnt_been_decided (not decide) yet.6Every possible means has_been_tried (try) to stop the bad behaviour, but they dont work at all.7Over the past ten years, this town has_been_hit (hit) twice by earthquakes.8Will the lecture be held at 4 oclock this afternoon?No.It has_been_put (put) off till tomorrow afternoon.请把下列句子由主动语态变为被动语态1This company has produced new types of computers.New_types_of_computers_have_been_produced.2Mum has not given me some money when I came back to school.I_have_not_been_given_some_money_when_I_came_back_to_school._Some_money_has_not_been_given_to_me_when_I_came_back_to_school.3Has the little girl asked you to help her with her English?Have_you_been_asked_to_help_the_little_girl_with_her_English?4His father has made him work hard.He_has_been_made_to_work_hard_by_his_father.5We have made use of all of our time.All_of_our_time_has_been_made_use_of.想象性作文：描述机器人假定你设计出了一款新机器人家用机器人，请你介绍一下其主要功能。可参考下面的内容：1可以在固定的时间做饭，做饭时间可以根据个人需要进行调整；2可以陪老人聊天、下棋、做运动等；3及时处理突发事件，例如在老人突然病倒时及时拨打求救电话等。注意：1.词数100左右；2内容可适当发挥，注意行文连贯。Here is a new type of robot the household robot. It can help us in many ways.Firstly, it can watch over the old while we are not at home and can also accompany (陪伴) the old in having a chat, playing chess, and doing exercise.Secondly, it can cook meals at a fixed time which can be adjusted according to individual needs.Thirdly, it is very easy to deal with the difficulties we meet. For example, if an old man falls ill all of a sudden, all at once the robot can give the doctor a call for help.In a word, it would be of great help for you if you own such a robot.第一段：开篇点题总领全文，引出写作的话题与内容。第二、三、四段：分别进行细节描述，每一段介绍了一种具体情况。最后一段：总结全文。亮点一：本文想象合理，段落层次分明，语句运用通顺，结构完整，句与句之间使用了恰当的连接成分，段与段之间过渡自然，是一篇很好的习作。亮点二：通过使用连接词firstly(句)，secondly(句)，thirdly(句)使机器人的功能介绍条理化，层次分明，使人一目了然。亮点三：通过适时举例(句)来解释机器人的第三个功能，形象具体，更有助于人们对家用机器人的了解。如何写想象性作文这类写作没有固定的结构或格式，内容也不受限制，你需要放飞想象的翅膀，可以对你理想中的未来事物的形态、构造、性质、功能等进行大胆的设想，并进行科学的描述。1引入：首先引出你要写的事物。.plays a very important role in our daily life.is of great importance/help/use in our daily life.2陈述背景知识：介绍它什么时候产生，以及至今为止有哪些主要发展阶段。Since the earliest times .The history of .goes back to .Over .years ago .By the beginning of this century .After this .3目前的状况：Recently, there has been renewed interest in .Recent developments in this field include .Other exciting developments have been .4前景：Many experts predict that .Some forecasts predict that .The field of .has enormous potential.5结论：总结要点，再次强调它为什么那么吸引人，引人关注。In conclusion .Thus, it can be concluded that .Obviously，we can draw the conclusion that .你们班进行了一次关于未来机器人的讨论。作为你们小组的代表，请你以“My Ideal Robot in the Future”为题写一篇100词左右的英语短文，向同学们介绍你心目中的理想机器人。_参考范文：My Ideal Robot in the FutureMy ideal robot in the future is a beautiful little girl, who is blue and about 1.6 metres tall.She is the newest in the world, and it looks like a real girl. She is very clever, and can understand all I say and do what I ask her to do. She can help me with my homework and give me some advice whenever I meet with difficulties. She can remind me of anything important, such as exams and even my birthday. She does most of the housework without having a rest. With such a robot, I wont feel lonely any longer because she can sing and dance to me whenever I need. She can play tennis with me and can express her emotions with words and gestures. She shares my joys and sorrows as well.Wouldnt it be interesting to own such a robot in the future？
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