浅谈英语教师的文化素养

山西师范大学继续教育院 毕业论文 论文题目：Analysis of Cultural Conflict and BlendingBetween China and the West through Festival Folk Culture从中西节日民俗文化差异看中西文化之冲突与交融 函 授 站： 运城 专 业： 英语 级 别： 专升本 姓 名： 郭悦 学 号： 10220207020 联系地址:运城市金世现代城小区 联系电话: 13203597022 电子邮箱： gp6678 指导教师： 王华 浅谈英语教师的文化素养 摘要英语教学不仅是传授知识,更重要的是培养学生的语用能力。英语教师的语言文化素养直接影响学生的语言习得和运用。本文着重探讨了提高英语教师语言文化素养的必要性及有效措施。English teaching is not only to impart knowledge, more important is to train the student's pragmatic competence. Teachers of English language and culture qualities directly affect students ' language acquisition and use. This article focuses on the need to improve English teachers ' language and cultural literacy and effective measures关键词英语教师;文化素养;文化措施English teacher; culture; cultural measures2004年1月，教育部颁布的大学英语课程教学要求（试行）明确规定:英语课程不仅是一门语言基础课程,也是,拓宽知识了解世界文化的素质教育课程。这就对教师的文化素养提出了很高的要求。要让学生了解异域文化,培养学生的跨文化意识教师首先必须要有这方面的知识。作为一名英语教师,如果不了解与英语相关的异域文化,不但在课堂中会遇到很多困难更无法符合新课程标准的要求。文化知识、文化素养及跨文化交际能力是语言教师必备的专业素质。In January 2004, issued by the Ministry of education of college English curriculum requirements clearly established on a trial basis: English courses are not only a basic language courses, as well as, broaden the knowledge about the world of cultural quality education curriculum. This culture for teachers put very high demands. To give students an understanding of foreign cultures, cultivate students ' intercultural awareness teachers must first have knowledge of this. As an English teacher, if you do not understand foreign culture associated with the English, will not only encounter a lot of difficulties in the classroom but unable to meet the requirements of new curriculum standards. Cultural knowledge, cultural literacy and intercultural communicative competence is professional quality for language teachers.1、 提高英语教师语言文化素养的必要性Necessity of improving the quality of teachers of English language and culture英语教师的高低将直接影响英语教育的质量。作为外语教师是英语教育的保障,英语教师素质首先要在教学中注意引导学生确立语用学观点，利用语言材料进行各种旨在提高语用能力的训练和交际。然而孔子的教育观长期以来一直影响着中国的教育界,在学生眼里,教师、教科书是知识的化身, ,因而大多课堂上教师讲,学生记,书里的东西学生背,是多年来我国的教育方式。外语教学的状况也是一样。外语教师所采取的教学方法大多是“Grammar-Teaching Method”此种教学法，强调的是语法、词汇的教学,致使学生认为“Written English is more important than spoken English” 结果是有些学生虽已获得英语等级证书,但是语言能力太差以至于很难说出合乎语言规范的句子，语用失误时常可见。Level of English teachers will directly affect the quality of English education. Protection is an English as a foreign language teacher education, English teacher's quality in the teaching of the first in the attention to guiding students to establish pragmatic perspectives, use of language materials for various projects aimed at improving the training of pragmatic competence and communicative competence. However Confucius's view on education had long been affecting China's education sector, in the eyes of students, teachers, textbooks is the embodiment of knowledge, and thus most teachers speak in class, students, students back in the book is a long way of education in China. Foreign language teaching situation is the same. Taken by most of the teaching methods of foreign language teachers is "Grammar-Teaching Method" this teaching method, emphasizing grammar, vocabulary instruction, students think that "Written English is more important than spoken English" Although the result is that some of the students English level certificate has been obtained, but poor language ability so much that it's hard to say out in the sentence of the language specification, pragmatic failures are often visible.由于教师本身缺乏语言能力而且很难适应新的教学技巧,在教学中如出现文化方面的问题,有些教师便觉得应付不了,对于课堂上出现的有关语言、社会语言及文化方面的,他们不得不放弃新的教学方法转而使用那些过时的、陈旧的教学模式。我们常常可以听见有的外语教师抱怨：“如果仅仅是解释语言还可以,但如果讲解有关文化方面的问题,真是手足无措。”Because of the teachers ' own lack of language ability and difficult to adapt to new teaching techniques, as a result of cultural issues in teaching, some teachers will find it cannot cope, for related language appears on the classroom, social aspects of language and culture, they had to give up a new teaching method in turn uses those obsolete, outdated teaching mode. Foreign language teacher we can often hear: "if only interpreted language can be, but if you explain issues relating to culture, really helpless. “教师由于自身语言水平不够,文化知识较少,语用能力,因而对文化教学有畏难情绪。这种想法虽可以理解但应帮助克服。我们提倡教师不断加强对英语语言与文化知识的了解和掌握,提高自身语言交际能力,进而可使教师在教学中注重文化因素的教学。文化因素存在于最简单的,文化教学也应存在于最基本的日常教学中。Because of their language standards of teachers not enough, less cultural knowledge, abilities, and lack of confidence on the culture teaching. The idea is understandable but should help to overcome. We promote increased understanding and knowledge of English language and cultural knowledge, improve their communicative competence in language, which would enable teachers to focus on cultural teaching in teaching. Cultural factors exist in the most simple, should also exist in the most basic of culture teaching in daily teaching.语言教学应该与文化教学紧密地结合起来, 因为人类的交际离不开文化因素。外语教师不可以不考虑文化因素而一味地讲授语言对跨文化交际的理解。作为语言教师要培养学生的文化意识,就要考虑不同国家和地区人们的文化差异,譬如不同的宗教信仰、价值观念、行为规范、风俗习惯等等。总而言之交际需要相互理解,而相互理解就要设身处地的、站在本土人的角度,考虑其文化语用规范。Language teaching and cultural teaching combine closely, because human communication is inseparable from cultural factors. Not just may not consider the cultural factors of foreign language teachers to teach the language understanding of intercultural communication. As a language teacher to cultivate students ' cultural awareness, it is necessary to take into account cultural differences between people in different countries and regions, such as different religious beliefs, values, code of conduct, customs, and so on. All in all communication the need for mutual understanding, and mutual understanding will put yourself, stand in local people's perspectives, taking into account its cultural pragmatic specification.有效的交流不仅可以提高语言能力,它还可以促进文化能力的提高。如果外语教师仅仅讲授语言知识而不讲授,那么我们就是在讲授一些没有任何意义的符号,或者说是在讲授一些被学生赋予了错误含义的符号。语言是文化的载体,所以在外语教学中,不能仅仅局限于讲授句,必须把文化因素纳入教学之中,这是发展、提高学生语用能力的最好办法。Effective communication can not only enhance the language capacity, it also can contribute to improving cultural competence. If you just teach language knowledge of foreign language teachers without teaching, then we are taught some meaningless symbols, or between one taught some students giving error symbol. Language is the carrier of culture, so in the teaching of foreign languages, cannot be limited solely to teaching, cultural factors must be included in teaching, the development, the best way to improve students ' pragmatic competence.2、培养英语教师文化素质的有效措施Cultivate effective measures for cultural qualities of English teachers2.1.培养英语教师以学生为本的英语教育思想Training English teachers in student-centered English education thought长期以来，我国英语教学带有明显的功利主义色彩，忽略了英语教育的人文性目的。英语新课程要求我们从“以知识为本”的教育理念转变为“以学生发展为本”的教育理念，重新认识英语课程的目标与定位。兴趣和信心是推动人从事某种行为的基础，英语教师培养学生自主英语学习的兴趣和信心是以学生为本教育思想的关键。自主学习能力培养的关键是教师需要重视对学生自主学习英语的兴趣和信息的培养，具体包括帮助他们认识自主学习的作用和必要性，转变他们的学习观念，帮助他们意识到学习成功的关键在于学习者本人，使学生学会主动承担学习的责任，成为自主独立的英语学习者，自我管理英语学习，培养良好规律的英语学习习惯等。此外，以学生为本的英语教育思想强调学生在英语学习中充分发挥主观能动性，同时教师要注重培养学生自主英语学习的技能，主动协助学生根据自身条件制定切实可行的学习目标，让学生在学习的过程中大大提高效率。A long time, the utilitarianism of English teaching in China with a clear color, ignores the humanistic purpose of English education. New English curriculum requires that we from the "knowledge" of educational idea into a "student development-oriented" philosophy of education, re-English course and location. Interest and confidence is the basis of facilitators to engage in any act, English teachers to train students ' autonomous learning interest and confidence is the key to student-centered education ideas. Autonomous learning capacity training of key is teachers needs attention on students autonomous learning English of interest and information of training, specific including help they awareness autonomous learning of role and need, changes they of learning concept, help they aware learning success of key is learning who I, makes students society active assumed learning of responsibility, became autonomous independent of English learning who, self management English learning, training good law of English learning habits,. In addition, student-centered English education emphasis on students ' subjective initiative into full play in English learning, teachers should pay attention to cultivating students independent English learning skills, initiative to assist students practical learning objectives based on its own terms, greatly improving efficiency in the students in the learning process2.2.英语教师需要不断提升自身综合文化素质Need to sharpen their integrated cultural qualities of English teachers新课程中提出了综合运用语言能力的级别目标，为了尽可能地完成教学目标，每一位英语教师应该做到树立终身学习的理念，不断提高英语专业素质。在英语教学模式与时俱进的时代，教师要从权威性的教导者，转化为学生英语学习的促进者，鼓励者，甚至是合作者，首先就需要具备良好的个人素质，具体包括渊博的英语专业知识、较为广阔的知识面，同时应具备丰富的辅导和支持学生的教学技能和方法，同时宽宏的心胸、耐心的性情也不可缺少的。新时期英语教师不能只是被动地执行课程标准，应当是课程设计的参与者，课程实施的组织者、促进者、开发者和研究者。新课程的英语课本中包罗万象，十分具有时代感、思想性和真实性。新时期英语教师要积极地为自己创造后继教育的条件，自觉加强中外文化修养，拓宽知识面。同时，New courses in the integrated use of language-level objectives, in order to achieve teaching objectives as far as possible, every English teacher should establish the concept of lifelong learning, and constantly improve the quality of English majors. In English teaching mode times of era, teachers to from authoritative of taught who, transformation for students English learning of promoting who, encourages who, even is cooperation who, first on needs have good of personal quality, specific including knowledgeable of English expertise, more broad of knowledge, while should have rich of counselling and support students of teaching skills and method, while generous of heart, patience of temperament also not missing of. English teachers in the new era not only passively implementing curriculum standards, should be the participants in the course design and implement of the course organizers, promoters, developers and researchers. All-inclusive in English textbooks for the new courses, full of sense, ideological and authenticity. To actively English teachers in the new era to create their own conditions of secondary education, should strengthen culture at home and abroad, to broaden their knowledge. At the same time,学校可以实施双语教师培训，推广双语教学和英语老师综合素质的有效提高，有条件的学校可以要求外籍教师通过自己的亲身体验谈谈中西方文化的差异，通过教师间的交流进一步了解西方文化，提高教学中的文化意识。总之，英语教师只有不断“充电”，通过自学、互学、进修等多种学习渠道不断提高英语专业知识及英语教学水平，才能把学生带上良好的英语学习轨道。Bilingual teacher training schools, promotion of comprehensive quality of teachers of English and bilingual teaching to effectively improve, conditional schools can seek their own first-hand experience of foreign teachers to talk about cultural differences in Chinese and Western, through exchanges between the teachers learn more about Western culture, improve cultural awareness in teaching. In summary, English teachers have to keep "charging", through self-study, mutual learning, continuing education and other learning channels improve teaching level of English majors and English, English learning students put on a good track.2.3.充分利用现代网络教育技术丰富英语教学Full use of modern networking education technology-rich learning 随着信息技术时代的到来，研究在现代信息技术环境下的英语教学方法，是广大英语教师面临的一个新课题，在英语教学中合理利用计算机辅助语言教学（Computer Assisted Language Learning，简称CALL）是现代英语教学发展的新趋势。英语教师要充分利用现代教育技术，开发英语教学资源，拓宽学生学习和运用英语的渠道，改进学习方法，提高学习效果。教师在实际的英语教学过程中，可以利用音像和网络资源等，丰富教学内容和形式，提高课堂教学效果；也可以利用计算机和多媒体教学软件，探索新的教学模式，促进个性化学习，帮助学生了解英语国家文化，不断拓展学生的文化视野，加深对本族文化的理解，发展他们跨文化交际的意识和能力。总之，使用这些现代化网络多媒体教学手段为学生创造了一定的英语环境，增强语言交际的真实感，提高学生的求知兴趣，使课堂教学更加生动形象。因此英语教师必须要学会熟练使用电脑，能进行丰富的英语课件制作，以便更好地为英语素质教育服务。With the advent of the era of information technology, research in English teaching method under the modern information technology environment, is a new subject faced by the majority of English teachers, rational utilization of computer-assisted language learning in English teaching Computer Assisted Language Learning, CALL for short is the new trend of the development of modern English teaching. English teachers to make full use of modern educational technologies, development of English teaching resources, broaden students ' learning and English language channels, improved learning, improve learning results. Teachers in actual of English teaching process in the, can uses audio and network resources, rich teaching content and forms, improve classroom teaching effect; also can uses computer and multimedia teaching software, exploration new of teaching mode, promoting personalized learning, help students understanding English national culture, constantly expand students of culture vision, deepened on this family culture of understands, development they across culture communication of consciousness and capacity. In short, the use of these modern means of multimedia network teaching for English-speaking students has created a certain amount of environment, enhancing the realism of communicative to raise students ' interest in learning, making classroom teaching more vivid. English teachers must therefore learn to use computers, English courseware that can be rich, in order to better serve the English quality education services.3、总 结Summary 新的时代，对教育提出了更高的要求 。在大力倡导实施素质教育从传统的教育模式向现代素质教育转变的同时，提高英语教师的素质不容忽视。 在新时期， 英语教师应不断更新知识，不断探索、 不断提高自身的素质， 才能赶上教改的步伐 ，适应教育发展的需要。 英语教师的职责不仅局限在传授给学生英语基础知识。英语语法结构及英语习惯用语， 还应注重对学生英语听、 说、 读、 写、 译能力的培养以及学生各方面素质的提高。 教师发展是一条有起点无终点的路， 终身学习、 全方位提高自身素质， 才能适应时代的要求和发展。 总之， 实施英语素质教育是一项复杂的系统工程要实现这一工程， 需要解决很多问题， 其中英语教师自身文化素质的好坏，对整个英语素质教育起着关键性的作用。A new era of education put forward higher requirements. Vigorously promote the implementation of quality-oriented education from the traditional mode of education transition to the modern quality-oriented education at the same time, improve the quality of English teachers should not be overlooked. In the new era, English teachers should continuously update knowledge, continue to explore, and constantly improve their own qualities, in order to catch up with the pace of reform, adapt to the needs of education development. English teacher's responsibility is not only limited to teach students basic knowledge of English. English grammar structures and idioms in English, should also focus on the students ' English listening, speaking, reading, writing and translation abilities, as well as students ' quality improvement. Staff development is a starting point there is no finish line road, lifelong learning, and increasing the quality, in order to adapt to the demands of the times and development. In short, implementation of English quality education is a complex system engineering to realize this project, you need to solve many problems, which qualities of English teachers in their own culture for better or worse, on the entire English quality education plays a key role.参考文献1. 王雪梅,康淑敏.新课改背景下的中学英语教师现状调查研究天津师范大学学报(基础教育版),2006，（12）2. 英语教学中跨文化交际意识的培养.徐州教育学院学报2006，（12）出版社 3. 胡文仲文化与交际北京外语教学与研究出版社, 1994（5）4. 袁振国 当代教育学原理北京教育科技出版社，2002年版5. 范治光知识经济时代对教师素质和能力的新要求内蒙古电大学刊.2007，（1）6. 李强关于提升教师文化素养的思考教书育人：教师新概念 7. 刘绍忠中学英语课程理念与实施师范大学出版社，2003年版8. 张大均教育心理学，人民教育出版社，2000年版9. 盛得仁英语教与学新模式，外语教学与研究出版社，2006（6）10. 走进新课程-与课程实施者的对话，北京师范大学出版社，2002（4）11. 胡宜平论中学英语教师理论素养的提升 滁州学院学报 12