XX家园7号商住楼工程施工组织

back an animal that had disappeared from its homeland.This is a good example of friendship and understanding between these two countries.Unit 5The band that wasntHave you ever wanted to be part of a band as a famous singer or musicians? Have you ever dreamed of playing in front of thousands of people at a concert, at which everyone is clapping and appreciating your music? Do you sing Karaoke and pretend you are a famous singer like Song Zuying or Liu Huan? To be honest, a lot of people attach great importance to becoming rich and famous. But just now do people form a band?Many musicians meet and form a band because they like to write and play their own music.They may start as a group of high-school students, for whom practising their music in someones house is the first step to fame. Sometimes they may play to passers-by in the street or subway so that they can earn some extra money for themselves or to pay for their instruments. Later they may give performances in pubs or clubs, for which they are paid in cash. Of course they hope to make records in a studio and sell millions of copies to become millionaires!However, there was one band that started in a different way. It was called the Monkees and began as a TV show. The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, most of which was based loosely on the Beatles. The TV organizer had planned to find four musicians who could act as well as sing. They put an advertisement in a newspaper looking for rock musicians, but they could only find one who was good enough. They had to use actors for the other three members of theband.As some of these actors could not sing well enough, they had to rely on other musicians to help them. So during the broadcasts they just pretended to sing. Anyhow their performances were humorous enough to be copied by other groups. They were so popular that their fans formed clubs in order to get more familiar with them. Each week on TV, the Monkees would play and sing songs written by other musicians. However, after a year or so in which they became more serious about their work, the Monkees started to play and sing their own songs like a real band. Then they produced their own records and started touring and playing their own music. In the USA they became even more popular than the Beatles and sold even more records. The band broke up about 1970, but happily they reunited in the mid-1980s. They produced a new record in 1996, with which they celebrated their former time as a real band.Freddy the frog（）Not long after Freddy and the band became famous, they visited Britain on a brief tour. Fans showed their devotion by waiting for hours to get tickets for their concerts . Freddy was now quite confident when he went into a concert hall. He enjoyed singing and all the congratulations afterwards! His most exciting invitation was to perform on a TV programme called “ Top of pops “. He had to go to London, wear an expensive suit and give a performance to a TV camera. It felt very strange. But as soon as the programme was over, the telephones which were in the same room started ringing. Everybody was asking when they could see Freddy and his band again. They were truly stars.Then things went wrong. Freddy and his band could not go out anywhere without being followed. Even when they wore sunglasses or beards people recognized them. Fans found them even when they went into toilet. They tried to hide in the reading rooms of libraries, but it was useless. Someone was always there! Their personal life was regularly discussed by people who did not know them but talked as if they close friends. At last feeling very upset and sensitive, Freddy and his band realized that they must leave the country before it became too painful for them. So they left Britain, to which they were never to return, and went back to the lake.必修三Unit 1Festivals and celebrationsFestivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times. Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather,planting in spring and harvest in autumn. Sometimes celebrations would be held after hunters had caught animals. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. Todays festivals have many origins, some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events. Festivals of the Dead Some festivals are held to honour the dead or satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. They also light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth. In Mexico, people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early Novemver. On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones” on them. They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead. The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people. It is now a childrens festival, when they can dress up an go to their neighbours homes to ask for sweets. If the neighbours do not give any sweers, the children might play a trick on them.Fetivals to Honour PeopleFestivals can also be held to honour famous people. The Dragon Boat Festival in China honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Yuan. In the USA, Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the New World. India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain Indias independece from Britain.Harvest FestivalsHarvest and Thanksgiving festival can be very happy events. People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over. In European countries, people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and will get together to have meals. Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals, when people admire the moon and in China, enjoy mooncakes.Spring FestivalsThe most energetic and important festivals are te ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumpings ifsh and meat and may give children lucky money in red paper. There are dragon dances and carnivals , and families celebrate the Lunar New Year together. Some Western countries have very exciting carnicals, which take place forty days before Easter, usually in February. These carnivals might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colourful clothing of all kinds. Easter is an important religious and social festival for Chiristians around the world. It celebrates the return of Jesus from the dead and the coming of spring and new life. Japans Cherry Blossom Festical happens a little later. The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each other. Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget ou work for a little while.A Sad Love StoryLi Fang was heart-broken. It was Valetines Day and Hu Jin had said she would meet him at the coffee shop after work. But she didnt turn up. She could be with her friends right now laughing at him. She said she would be there at seven o clock, and he thought she would keep her word. He had looked forward to meeting her all day, and now he was alon with his roses and chocolates, like a fool. Well, he ws not going to hold his breath for her to apologize. He would drown his sadness in coffee.It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave he wiped the tables, then sat down and turned on the TV just what Li Fang needed! A sad Chinese story about lost love.The randdaughter of the Goddess of Heaven visited the earth. Her name was Zhinu, the weaving firl. While she was on earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love. ( “ Just like me and Hu Jin,” thought Li Fang.) They got married secretly, and they were very happy. (“We could be like that, “ thought Li Fang.) When the Goddess of Heaven knew that her granddaughter was married to a human, she became very angry and made the weaving girl return to Heaven. Niulang tried to follow her, but the river of stars, the Milky Way, stopped him. Finding that Zhinu was heart-broken, her grandmother finally decided to let the couple cross the Milky Way to meet once a year. Magipies make a bridge of their wings so the couple canxxx施工组织设计一、编制依据(一)招标文件(见表1-1)（略）(二)施工图（略）(三)主要规范、规程(见表1-3) （略）(四)主要图集(见表1-4) （略）(五)工程地质勘查报告(见表1-5) （略）(六)工程预算定额及工程预算。(七)ISO9000标准：生产、安装和服务的质量保证模式(八)主要法规及地方强制执行的文件(见表1-6) （略）二、工程概况(一) 总体情况(见表2-1) （略）2建筑设计概况(见表2-2) （略）3结构设计概况(见表2-3) （略）(四)专业设备概况：1. 给水系统给水系统共分为生活给水系统，室内消火栓系统，地下室、底商自动喷水系统。（1） 生活给水系统分为二区供水，三层以下为市政直接供水，三层以上由泵房内的变频供水设备供水，全楼各卫生间均设卡式水表一块。（2） 消防系统：消防水源为市政自来水供应，室外设300m3 消防水池，水池内储存2h 消火栓，1h 自喷用水量，消防水泵设在地下一层泵房内，楼屋顶水箱间内设有消防水箱及增压设备。室内消火栓给水系统，本楼均由屋顶水箱及消防泵供给。全楼各楼梯间均设消防暗箱及防排烟井。本楼设置80 具MF3 手提式磷酸铵盐干粉灭火器。注：九层每单元电梯间内设置两具，地下室至二层，每个消火栓下设置两具。（3） 本楼地下室库房、底商均设置自动喷水灭火系统。2. 排水系统本工程排水共设12 道排水系统，各卫生间各设一道。生活污水采用芯层发泡UPVC 排水管。地下室排水管道均采用机制柔性接口，铸铁排水管。雨水外排水管采用芯层发泡UPVC 排水管。雨水内排水管采用镀锌钢管。3. 采暖系统室内采暖由地下室设备间内的板式热交换机组定压控制供给。用户采暖按共用立管的分户独立系统分设，每户采用中供式（局部采用埋地敷设）双管异程式系统，散热器采用钢制频焊翅片管散热器，每组散热器上设温控阀进行室温控制。4. 通风本工程通风设施与采暖系统相互配套，自地下室设置高速防排烟系统，通过混流式通风机、风道，传送到风叶防火排烟口、排烟道通风换气。5. 电气工程概况电气工程为三类负荷设置，其中消防用电为二类负荷，共分为：普通电气照明系统，应急照明系统、消防用电系统、动力运行系统（电梯）及防雷接地系统等。6. 室内电梯工程概况本工程共设三部乘客电梯，每单元楼梯间内各设一部。自地下室至楼顶贯通，其型号为PW13/10-19 型，载重量为1t。7. 智能电气概况本工程共分为计算机网络系统，电话有线系统，有线电视系统，可视对讲系统、火灾自动报警系统及联控系统。三、施工总部署：（一）企业方针、质量、安全指标1. 质量目标：精心组织，严格控制，确保质量，争创优质结构长城杯。2. 安全指标：强化管理，安全第一，以人为本，确保施工全过程无任何安全事故。3. 环境目标：严格管理，保护环境，确保施工过程“水、气、声、渣”排放达标，争创市级安全文明工地。4. 工期目标：详细计划，合理流水，加快施工节奏，确保按期向建设单位交付满意工程。二施工准备：1. 项目部组织机构(见图3-1) （略）2. 项目部管理人员职能分工与职责主要职责：(1) 项目经理是第一责任人，对整个工程全面负责，并协调项目管理的内、外部事宜，对工程进度计划和工程实际进度进行控制，并对工程质量、现场安全、劳动力的调配、物资购买、租赁及财务等负全面责任，保证工程项目的顺利完成。(2) 项目副经理负责建立健全技术管理体系、工程技术的日常管理，对技术工作全面负责；项目开工前，组织项目部相关人员，根据合同要求、设计要求及公司的任务目标要求，确定项目的质量目标，编制施工组织设计、质量计划或创优方案。施工组织设计中应反映出主要项目的控制措施，资源供应计划，顾客的期望要求等内容，其中应突出项目特点，抓住对工程质量、进度、安全有重要影响的过程、实施难度大的过程。(3) 施工管理：项目经理部各专业施工班组以施工组织设计总体进度计划为主线，对每个分部工程制定详细的预控方案，确保各工序施工的正常运转，并以方案、计划为龙头，实行“长计划、短安排”，通过季、月、旬计划的布置与实施，加强调度职能，维护计划的严肃性，按期完成竣工目标。(4) 建立工程例会制度，每周至少组织召开一次例会，由各专业班组参加，必要时可由建设、监理、施工单位共同参加，及时解决施工中出现的问题；对施工中的重点和难点，提出管理的预控方案。(5) 充分利用时间、空间，合理安排施工顺序，组织立体交叉、平行作业；(6) 科学管理，加快工序周转，促进施工效率的提高，加快施工进度；(7) 推广应用科技成果，采用先进的施工工艺，提高工作效率；(8) 制定切实可行的季节性施工措施，保证连续施工，确保施工进度；(9) 以质量促进度，认真落实公司的质量方针和质量目标，按照ISO9002 的程序要求控制施工质量，确保各工序一次验收合格率100%，不出返工活，保证工程顺利进行。3.主要资源需用量计划(1) 主要劳动力需用量计划见表3-1。（略）(2)对分承包方的管理1) 承包方的选择与评价执行我公司质量体系文件的规定要求，根据本工程特点选择有实际施工经验的合格分承包方，确保分承包方的施工水平满足本工程高质量的要求。项目部对选择的分包方进行必要的评价，包括资质、业绩及能力的确认。2) 分包方进场后由总包方进行必须的考核，包括：技能操作，安全教育，文明施工，特殊环境作业要求等。对经确认合格的分包方签定履约合同，对其施工人员登记注册，发放胸卡。3) 分包单位必须接受总包单位的管理，遵守总包单位的各项规章制度。服从总包单位对整体施工控制和部署。4) 未遵守总包单位的规章制度而造成影响工期或影响工程质量的，总包单位有权对其进行经济处罚，严重的可终止其继续施工。5) 分包方施工的分部、分项工程完工后均需报总包方进行检查、验收。经确认合格后，分包方向总包方提供完备的技术资料。(2) 主要机械设备用量(见表3-2) （略）(3) 主要材料需用量表(见表3-3表3-5) （略）三基础设施准备1. 施工现场总体布置见图9-1。(1) 施工现场平面图的设计依据：1) 根据建筑总平面图明确拟建和已建的建筑物、构筑物之间的关系，正确解决临时建筑和设施的位置。2) 自然条件资料：地形资料、水文地质资料及气象资料等。3) 单位工程进度计划。4) 各种材料及需用量计划表。5) 建设单位提供的水、电接取位置。(2) 施工现场平面图的布置原则：1) 在满足施工条件下，紧凑布置，尽量减少施工用地。2) 合理使用场地，尽量减少材料的二次搬运。3) 临时设施的布置应便于工人生产和生活。4) 在保证施工顺利进行的情况下，使临时设施工程量最小，暂设工程最经济。(3)本工程拟建在福地家园小区院内，东北、西北方均有固定院墙。施工道路自小区北大门直接进入。施工现场钢制彩色围挡只在建筑物东面（临小区公共道路路边）及建筑物南侧公共绿地边通设。考虑施工场地较狭窄，建筑物北侧距院墙仅11m，南侧场地为32 m ,西侧距墙为3.5m，东侧相临小区道路。其生产区、办公区及材料存放地均在南侧设置；北侧只设置部分职工宿舍（每房间最多按15 人考虑），不能满足劳动力资源需要（最高峰人数约320 人），其余劳动力资源只得靠就近租赁居住。(4)施工现场大门及道路的设置：现场道路因无法循环，故在建筑物北侧及南侧各设一条单项进出道路。道路均做硬化处理；临时道路两侧设置排水沟，并确定排水坡向，自北、西向东、南排水，排水坡度5。现场大门在南北出入口处各设一个,大门内侧设置排水暗沟（4000mm300mm300mm），与下水管道连接，上铺钢筋篦子。车辆出场前用水管冲洗干净以减少车辆出场带泥所造成的环境污染。2. 生产、生活临时设施(见表3-6) （略）3. 施工现场临水、临电计算(1) 现场临电计算：(2) 临时供水计算：本工程施工、生活、消防用水均来自小区临时市政上水管线，连接管径为DN100。1) 施工现场用水量q 1：本工程从基础垫层均采用商品混凝土，现场搅拌混凝土量很小，现场用水量仅限于混凝土养护、泵车清洗等。为充分利用市政水压，减少管线敷设量特设置一台增压泵。满足高层水压要求。2) 现场生活用水量q23）消防用水量q3，因施工现场面积S=（74+66.5）662=4636.5 =0.46hm3，小于5hm3，所以消防用水量取q3=10L/s4）用水量Q：q1+q2=0.58L/s,方案内容应包括:1) 编制依据,明确钢筋分项施工参照规范、规程、图纸及各类文件；2) 工程概况，首先通过调查评价选择合格的钢筋供方、劳务队伍（包括直螺纹加工队伍）；其次通过表格的形式明确不同部位所用钢筋的类型、强度、规格、工艺形式、加工方法、搭接与锚固长度、保护层厚度及控制方法、箍筋形式等；3) 施工安排，首先根据不同部位如基础底板（含反梁）、地下室墙柱、地下室顶板、地上非标层（1、2 层）墙体、标准层墙体、顶板、电梯间等不同部位确定钢筋施工方法、下料尺寸、数量、形式等内容；其次根据不同部位的工程量合理确定劳动力数量、施工工期等内容；4) 施工准备，包括技术准备、机具准备、材料准备，技术准备中应重点明确对图纸的审查与熟悉、技术交底的编制、样板的制作、现场交底等内容；机具准备应根据工程特点明确钢筋加工所需的各中机具，指明规格、型号、数量、操作注意事项等内容；材料准备应包括钢筋的采购、运输、验收、试验、加工等内容；5) 主要工艺施工措施，本工程应对钢筋的滚压直螺纹工艺、基础底板筋的绑扎、墙体筋的绑扎、楼梯筋的绑扎、阳台筋的绑扎、空调板筋的绑扎以及各类控制筋（梯子筋、马凳、卡具等）的制作与安装、各种起步筋的施工工艺进行明确；6) 成品保护，应重点加强墙体钢筋在水电预留洞处、板面负弯矩筋在混凝土浇筑时、楼梯筋以及工序交接等的保护措施；7) 安全注意事项，应加强施工人员在钢筋加工、制作、施工过程中机械操作、安全作业的各类注意事项。(2) 钢筋工程工作流程见图4-5。（略）(3) 钢筋采购：钢筋采购严格执行公司物资采购控制程序，对分供方经过调查、评价、考核后，选择质量稳定、信誉好、价格合理、供货及时的分供方。特别是对于纵向受力部位的钢筋，其除应满足有关国家标准的基础上，还应满足关于抗震的力学性能要求。(4) 钢筋材质检验：钢筋进场时材质证明及检验报告单等必须齐全，并按试验规定取样进行力学性能复试，取样数量中30%以上应为见证试验，复试合格后方可加工使用，由于本工程按二级框架抗震设计，故用于框架部位的纵向受力钢筋还应对其进行抗震要求的验算，钢筋的抗拉强度实测值与屈服强度实测值的比值不应小于1.25，且钢筋的屈服强度实测值与强度标准值的比值不应大于1.3。(5) 钢筋加工1）钢筋工程采用现场加工、吊装就位绑扎，钢筋加工制作应在现场指定的钢筋加工区进行，钢筋加工区应分开原料区、半成品、成品区，各种加工机具操作人员必须持证上岗，而且各类机具旁必须设置安全操作规程与安全警示标志；2）本工程地下一层、地上一、二层为框支剪力墙结构，其他为全现浇剪力墙结构，钢筋用量大，节点部位钢筋较密集，钢筋工程是一项非常重要的工序必须抓好。技术负责人应很好熟悉图纸，交底要细致，清楚。关键部位应亲自下现场指导施工，必要时先制作样板，确保钢筋绑扎质量。3）钢筋下料单经专职质检员审核签字后，方可下料。4）钢筋半成品加工，先作样板，经质检员确认后成批下料。5）各种定型卡具、马凳应定型制作，尽量采用边角料，下料完成后按规格、尺寸、使用部位在成品区标识清楚。(6) 钢筋接头本工程底板筋、框支柱、框支梁、框架柱、剪力墙暗柱竖向受力钢筋的接头形式采用滚压直螺纹机械连接，局部采用搭接焊，其他均采用绑扎搭接方式。1）直螺纹连接接头工艺流程：钢筋原材检验（含钢筋形式检验）钢筋直螺纹加工直螺纹丝扣质量检验安装丝扣保护套存放待用。工艺要点:(A)钢筋在加工直螺纹丝扣前，要对钢筋的规格、下料长度、外观进行检验，如果发现两端有弯曲或接头不规整等现象时，须处理后方能使用。(B)加工好的钢筋直螺纹头，由操作人员逐个用牙形规和卡规检查。对检验不合格的端头，应切断重新加工。(C)钢筋与连接套连接时，必须检查两者的规格是否一致。同时钢筋连接的连接套，必须是经过与钢筋规格相同的直螺纹塞规检查的合格品。(D)现场安装时，钢筋与连接套规格必须一致。安装前检查直螺纹完好无损方可使用。(E)连接水平钢筋时，必须从一头往另一头依次连接，不许从两边往中间连接。连接前，要根据所连接钢筋直径，将力矩板手上的游动标尺直径调定在手柄上的刻线位置（即规定的力矩值）。使力矩扳手钳头垂直钢筋轴线均匀加力，当听到力矩扳手发出“咔嗒”声响时即停止加力。随即在钢筋接头处做油漆标记以便检查。(F)套筒须有检验报告、出厂合格证及抽检报告，钢筋套丝加工及接头连接须符合钢筋直螺纹接头技术规程A 级要求。(G)所有钢筋接头的错位符合混凝土结构工程施工及验收规范及设计要求。2）电弧焊焊接接头：焊接时应保证搭接倍数符合规范要求，焊缝应饱满，无夹渣、漏焊、咬肉现象。3）绑扎接头：绑扎接头必须符合图纸和规范要求，直径大于或等于18mm 的钢筋必须采取焊接接头。4）所有焊接接头必须经过检查合格后方可进行下道工序的施工。焊接接头必须制作试件，并进行力学试验。(7) 钢筋的绑扎：1）柱子钢筋绑扎：(A) 根据图纸要求，计算好每根柱子箍筋数量，先将箍筋套在上层伸出的搭接钢筋上，然后立柱子主筋。(B)框架柱各层柱底的纵向钢筋接头采用直螺纹机械连接。钢筋接头的位置按50%错开。(C)在立好的柱子竖向钢筋上，用定位“标志杆”刷红白油漆标识箍筋间距。(D)将已套好的箍筋往上移动。由上往下采用“十字扣”绑扎。(E)箍筋与主筋要垂直，箍筋转角与主筋交点均要绑扎，主筋与箍筋非转角部的相交点成梅花型交错绑扎。(F)柱上、下两端箍筋应加密，加密区长度及箍筋的间距均应符合设计要求。(G)柱筋保护层塑料卡子应绑在柱筋外皮上，间距一般为1000mm 左右，以保证主筋保护层厚度尺寸正确。(H)当柱截面尺寸有变化时，柱钢筋弯折时的位置、尺寸要符合设计要求。柱模上加设上、下柱筋定位器(见图4-6) （略），保证柱筋位置。(I)柱筋在浇筑混凝土前应拉通线校正找直，固定其与模板的相对位置。2）墙体钢筋绑扎（A）先立2 4 根竖筋，与底板插筋搭接绑扎，画好水平筋的分档标