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单单词词名词名词competitor, volunteer, athlete, slave, medal, gymnastics, stadium, motto, gymnasium (gym), homeland, basis (pl bases), responsibility, poster, glory, pain, Greece动词动词compete, admit, host, replace, charge, fine, advertise, bargain, deserve形容形容词词ancient, magical, regular, swift, physical, hopeless, foolish, Greekrare, wealthy, anxious, normal, awful副词副词nowadays短短语语词词汇汇take part in, stand for, as well, in charge, one after another课课文文find out, on a regular basis, reach the agreed standard, be admitted as, compete against, play a very important role in, make a bargain with sb.句句式式1. Thats why .e.g. Instead there are competitions like skiing and ice skating which need snow and ice. Thats why theyre called the Winter Olympics.2. nor位于句首引起倒装位于句首引起倒装e.g. No other countries could join in, nor could slaves or women!语语法法一般将来时的被动语态：一般将来时的被动语态：will / shall / be going to / be to + be + 过去分词过去分词(一一) 基本基本单词单词1. _ adj. 古老的古老的; 古代的古代的2. _ n. 志愿者志愿者; 志愿兵志愿兵 adj. 志愿的志愿的; 义务的义务的 vt. & vi. 自愿自愿3. _ adj. 现今现今; 现在现在4. _ vt. 做东做东; 主办主办; 招待招待 n. 主人主人ancient volunteer nowadayshost 5. _ vt. 取代取代; 替换替换; 代替代替6. _ adj. 快的快的; 迅速的迅速的7. _ vt. & vi. 收费收费; 控诉控诉 n. 费用费用; 主管主管8. _ vt. 罚款罚款9. _ vi. 讨价还价讨价还价; 讲条件讲条件 n. 便宜货便宜货10. _ vi. & vt. 应受应受(报答或惩罚报答或惩罚); 值得值得swiftchargefinebargaindeservereplace(二二) 派生单词派生单词11. _ vi. 比赛比赛; 竞争竞争 _ n. 比赛比赛; 竞争竞争 _ adj. 竞争的竞争的 _ n. 竞争者竞争者12. _ adj. 规则的规则的; 定期的定期的; 常规的常规的 _ n. 规则规则; 制度制度 _ vt. 管制管制competecompetitioncompetivitecompetitorregularregulationregulate13. _ vt. & vi. 容许容许; 承认承认; 接纳接纳 _ n. 准入准入; 准许准许14. _ vt. & vi. 做广告做广告; 登广告登广告 _ n. 广告广告admitadmissionadvertiseadvertisement1. 参加参加; 参与参与2. 代表代表; 象征象征; 表示表示3. 也也; 又又; 还还4. 主管主管; 看管看管5. 陆续地陆续地; 一个接一个地一个接一个地 6. 每四年每四年 7. 听说听说8. 捡起捡起take part instand foras wellin chargeone after anotherevery four yearshear ofpick upNo other countries could join in, nor could slaves or women! 1. compete vi. 比赛比赛; 竞争竞争 How many countries competed in the ancient Olympic Games? （课文原句）（课文原句） 有多少个国家参加古代奥林匹克运动会有多少个国家参加古代奥林匹克运动会比赛？比赛？【归纳【归纳】 compete in 参加参加比赛比赛 compete against/with 与与.比赛比赛 compete for 为争取为争取/得到得到.而比赛而比赛/竞争竞争 competition n. 比赛比赛 competitive adj. 有竞争力的有竞争力的 competitor n. 比赛者比赛者; 对手对手 2. admit vt. & vi. 容许容许; 承认承认; 接纳接纳; 容纳容纳 Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors. （课文原句）（课文原句） 只有达到他们各自项目统一标准的运动只有达到他们各自项目统一标准的运动员才会被接受参加奥运会。员才会被接受参加奥运会。【归纳【归纳】 admit . as . 接纳接纳.作为作为. admit sth./ doing sth. 承认某事承认某事/做某事做某事 admit that 从句从句 承认承认. admit n. to be 承认承认.是是. admit of 容许容许; 有有.可能可能 admit sb./sth. into/to 允许某人允许某人/某物进入某物进入/录用某人录用某人3. replace v. 取代取代; 替换替换; 代替代替 So even the olive wreath has been replaced!（课文原句）（课文原句） 就连橄榄枝花环也被取代了！就连橄榄枝花环也被取代了！【归纳【归纳】 replace sb./sth.with . 用用.替换替换/取代某人取代某人/物物 take the place of 代替代替. take ones place 代替；取代代替；取代 in place of 代替代替.4. charge vt. & vi. 收费收费; 控诉控诉; 充电充电 n. 费用费用; 主管主管 duty to be in charge and get in trouble if things go wrong （课文原句）（课文原句） 如果事情出错了，有义务负责。如果事情出错了，有义务负责。【归纳【归纳】 charge sb. for 为为.向某人收取费用向某人收取费用 charge sb. with (doing) sth. = accuse sb. of 控告某人控告某人(做做)某事某事 take charge of 掌管掌管/负责负责. in charge of 控制控制/管理管理. in/under the charge of 受受.的管理的管理 free of charge 免费免费charge sb. to do 责令某人做某事责令某人做某事charge sb. with doing 指责某人做某事指责某人做某事试比较试比较:I charged her to take the chair.我责令她拿走这把椅子。我责令她拿走这把椅子。I charged her with taking the chair.我指责她拿走了这把椅子。我指责她拿走了这把椅子。5. advertise vt. & vi. 做广告；登广告做广告；登广告 make a poster to advertise a sporting event（课文原句）（课文原句） 做一个海报，关于体育事件的广告。做一个海报，关于体育事件的广告。 advertise作及物动词，表示作及物动词，表示“登广告；登广告；做广告做广告”；作不及物动词，表示；作不及物动词，表示“登广登广告征求（或寻找）告征求（或寻找）”，常与介词，常与介词 for 连连用。用。【归纳【归纳】 advertiser 广告人员广告人员 advertising 广告业广告业 advertisement 广告广告 advertise on TV / in a newspaper 在电视上做广告在电视上做广告/在报纸上登广告在报纸上登广告 put an advertisement in a newspaper 在报纸上登广告在报纸上登广告6. bargain v. 讨价还价讨价还价; 讲条件讲条件 n. 便宜货便宜货; 协议协议; 交易交易 Her father said that she must marry, so Atlanta made a bargain with him. （课文原句）（课文原句） 她的父亲说她必须结婚，于是亚特兰她的父亲说她必须结婚，于是亚特兰大就和她的父亲达成了一个协议。大就和她的父亲达成了一个协议。【归纳【归纳】 bargain with sb. about . 与某人就与某人就.讲价讲价 make a bargain with . 和和.做交易做交易/和某人成交和某人成交/达成协议达成协议 a real bargain 真正的便宜货真正的便宜货 a bad bargain 一笔不合算的交易一笔不合算的交易 at a bargain 很便宜地很便宜地7. deserve vt. & vi. 应受应受(报答或惩罚报答或惩罚); 值得值得 Do you think Hippomenes deserved to win the race? （课文原句）（课文原句） 你认为希波墨涅斯值得赢得比赛吗？你认为希波墨涅斯值得赢得比赛吗？【归纳【归纳】 deserve to do 应该应该 deserve doing/to be done 应受应受; 值得值得 deserve sth. 应得应得; 值得值得deserve 后常跟不定式后常跟不定式, 也可跟表示被动意也可跟表示被动意义的名词。义的名词。e.g. He deserves to succeed. The old man deserves looking after.deserve后可跟名词后可跟名词, 但中间不加介词但中间不加介词of。e.g. He deserves a reward.deserving现在分词作形容词时现在分词作形容词时, 后面必须后面必须要跟介词要跟介词of。e.g. He is deserving of a reward.deserve后可跟后可跟that从句从句, 从句中用从句中用should。e.g. Does he deserve that you should treat him like this? 他值得你那样对他吗他值得你那样对他吗?【提【提示示】 deserve 后接动名词的主动形式表示被动意后接动名词的主动形式表示被动意义义, 相当于不定式的被动形式相当于不定式的被动形式; 有同样用法的有同样用法的动词还有动词还有: need, want, require。1. take part in 参加参加; 参与参与 Who could not take part in the ancient Olympic Games? （课文原句）（课文原句） 谁不会参加古代奥林匹克运动会？谁不会参加古代奥林匹克运动会？【辨析【辨析】attend / join (in) / participate / take part in attend 侧重参加侧重参加/出席会议或学术活动出席会议或学术活动等。等。 join 加入党派加入党派/团体或游戏活动等。加团体或游戏活动等。加入党派团体入党派团体, join是及物动词是及物动词; 加入游戏加入游戏活动活动, join是不及物动词是不及物动词, 用用 join in 加宾加宾语形式。语形式。participate正式用词正式用词, 指参加团体活动指参加团体活动, 暗示以一个积极的角色参加暗示以一个积极的角色参加, 常与介词常与介词 in连用。连用。take part in侧重参加某项群众性侧重参加某项群众性/集体性集体性的事业的事业/工作或活动工作或活动, 突出参加者在其中突出参加者在其中发挥一定的作用。发挥一定的作用。【即时应用【即时应用】用用 attend/take part in/join (in)/participate 的适当形式填空。的适当形式填空。1) Will you _ the English evening?2) All the students _ _ the thorough cleaning party.take part in / join intook part in /participated in3) May I _ the game?4) Would you _ me in a walk?5) Our teacher _ the meeting yesterday.join injoin attended2. stand for 代表代表; 象征象征; 表示表示; 忍受忍受 What do the five rings on the Olympic flag stand for? （课文原句）（课文原句）【拓展【拓展】 cant stand (for) sth. / doing sth. 不能忍受不能忍受(做做)某事某事 stand by 站在旁边站在旁边; 袖手旁观袖手旁观; 支持支持 stand out 显著显著; 突出突出3. as well 也也; 又又; 同样地同样地 For each Olympics, a special village is built for them to live in, a main reception building, several stadiums for competitions, and a gymnasium as well. （课文原句）（课文原句） 每届奥运会都有一个特殊的村庄（奥运村）每届奥运会都有一个特殊的村庄（奥运村）供参赛的人住，一个主要的接待大楼，供参赛的人住，一个主要的接待大楼，好几个供比赛用的体育场，还有一个室好几个供比赛用的体育场，还有一个室内体育馆。内体育馆。 常放在句末。常放在句末。【拓展【拓展】 as well as 意为意为“和和一样，既一样，既又又”。表示。表示“既既又又”时，可时，可连接两个并列成分。如果连接并列主语，连接两个并列成分。如果连接并列主语，谓语要与前面的主语在数的方面保持一谓语要与前面的主语在数的方面保持一致。致。 may /might as well 不妨不妨，还是，还是的好，常用于委婉地提出建议。的好，常用于委婉地提出建议。选词填空。选词填空。as well as, may as well, as well Often life is much slower outside the big cities, as is true in other countries _. We expect you to do the housework _ looking after the children. Since it is raining hard, you _ stay here.as well as well as may as well 4. as . as . 像像 一样；正如一样；正如 Theres as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals. （课文原句）（课文原句） 国与国之间争取奥运会承办权的竞国与国之间争取奥运会承办权的竞争就跟争夺奥运奖牌一样的激烈。争就跟争夺奥运奖牌一样的激烈。结构特点结构特点: 第一个第一个as为副词为副词, 修饰形容词或修饰形容词或副词的原级副词的原级; 第二个第二个as可为连词可为连词, 引导状语引导状语从句从句, 也可是介词也可是介词, 其后加名词或代词。其后加名词或代词。否定式否定式: not as/so . as . 不如不如表达倍数关系句型时为表达倍数关系句型时为: X times as . as .; (两倍用两倍用twice 或或double )涉及具体数量涉及具体数量: as much 不可数名词不可数名词 as . / as many 可数名词复数可数名词复数 as .5. one after another 陆续地陆续地; 一个接一个一个接一个 He threw the golden apples on after another. （课文原句）（课文原句） 他一个接一个地扔了金苹果。他一个接一个地扔了金苹果。【拓展【拓展】 one after the other = one after another 陆续地陆续地 one another (两者或多者之间两者或多者之间)相互相互; 彼此彼此 one by one 一个一个地一个一个地; 依次地依次地No other countries could join in, nor could slaves or women! 别的国家不能参加别的国家不能参加, 奴隶和妇女也不能奴隶和妇女也不能参加。参加。nor 或或 neither 位于句首时位于句首时, 常引导一常引导一个倒装句个倒装句, 表示前一句所述的事也适应表示前一句所述的事也适应后一句后一句, 即后者即后者“也不也不.”。在肯定句中则使用在肯定句中则使用so引导倒装句引导倒装句, 表表示前面的人示前面的人/事的情况也适用于另一事的情况也适用于另一人或物人或物, 意为意为“.也也”。这种句型。这种句型要求在时态和动词形式上和前一句保要求在时态和动词形式上和前一句保持一致。持一致。【提示【提示】so 在句首在句首, 但不倒装但不倒装, 此时意为此时意为“确确实实, 的确的确”, 表示赞同前面的话。表示赞同前面的话。 John did well in the physics exam. 约翰这次物理考试考得很好。约翰这次物理考试考得很好。 So he did. 他确实考得不错。他确实考得不错。当前面既有肯定又有否定，或有两个谓当前面既有肯定又有否定，或有两个谓语，或当对话中既有系动词又有实意动语，或当对话中既有系动词又有实意动词的时候，只能用词的时候，只能用 so it is /was with sb. (也可以用也可以用 it is the same with sb.)。 e.g. He likes apples and he doesnt go to school by bus. So it is with her. (或或 It is the same with her.)【语境展示】【语境展示】 观察下列句子。观察下列句子。1. We shall (not) be punished if we break the rules. 2. Shall / Will we be asked to attend the meeting tomorrow?3. Mr. Browns new novel wont be published next month.4. Will a new teaching building be built in our school next year?一般将来时的被动语态一般将来时的被动语态5. A new hospital is going to be built in our city next year.6. Are you / Am I going to be invited to the party7. The form is to be filled in within two days.8. Are you / Am I not to be sent to London?【自我归纳【自我归纳】一般将来时被动语态的谓语主要有三种形一般将来时被动语态的谓语主要有三种形式：式： shall / will（shall主要用于第一人称，主要用于第一人称，will可用于各种人称）可用于各种人称）+ be + 及物动词及物动词的过去分词（句的过去分词（句1-句句4）；）； am / is / are + going to + _+及物动及物动词的过去分词（句词的过去分词（句5和句和句6）；）； am / is / are + _ +及物动词的过去及物动词的过去分词（句分词（句7和句和句8）。）。beto be一般将来时被动语态的否定形式是在一般将来时被动语态的否定形式是在shall / will, am / is / are后加后加not（句（句1、3和和8）；）； 一般疑问句形式是将一般疑问句形式是将shall / will或或am / is / are提前至句首（句提前至句首（句2、6和和8）。）。【注意【注意】 在时间、条件状语从句中，通常要在时间、条件状语从句中，通常要用一般现在时的被动语态代替一般将来时的用一般现在时的被动语态代替一般将来时的被动语态。如：被动语态。如： If more time is given to me, the problem will be worked out.【即学即练】【即学即练】I. 将句子变为被动语态。将句子变为被动语态。1. They will send David to school on Wednesday. _2. People speak English all over the world. _3. If it doesnt rain tomorrow, our school will hold the sports meet. _ _David will be sent to school on Wednesday.English is spoken all over the world. If it doesnt rain tomorrow, the sports meet will be held.4. We wont select Mike as the team leader. _5. Will his mother give him an expensive present? _ _ _Mike wont be selected as the team leader.Will he be given an expensive present by his mother? / Will an expensive present be given to him by his mother?II. 用括号内动词的正确形式填空。用括号内动词的正确形式填空。1. We dont need to bring our paper. We _ (give) paper by the teacher tomorrow.2. You will have a grammar test. A pencil must _ (use) for this test because it _ (score) by machine.3. Five people _ (rescue) by the fire department in yesterdays fire.will be givenbe usedwere rescuedwill be scored4. The names of the winners _ (print) in tomorrows newspaper. 5. He _ (consider) to be the best British athlete at the present time.6. When the car factory _ (complete), it will bring more jobs to our city.7. This question _ (discuss) at the meeting tomorrow.will be printedis consideredis completedwill be discussedIII. 补全下面短文。补全下面短文。 My brothers car 1. _ (hit) by another car last week. After the police officer arrived, both drivers 2. _ (give) tickets for not stopping at a stop sign. As the car couldnt 3. _ (drive), my brother sent it to a repair shop after the accident. was hit were givenbe drivenUnfortunately, the mechanic doesnt have the parts he needs to fix the car and the car 4. _ (not, repair) until next week. Luckily, my brother has good insurance (保险保险). He wont have to pay much. The repair shop 5. _ (pay) by the insurance company. My brother is borrowing my car until his car 6. _ (repair). wont be repairedwill be paidis repaired. 完成句子。完成句子。1. The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts _ (reward) with success in the end.(2016, 北京北京)【解析【解析】学生们一直都很努力学习功课，最学生们一直都很努力学习功课，最终回报他们努力的将是成功。一般将来时，终回报他们努力的将是成功。一般将来时，their efforts 与与reward构成被动。构成被动。 will be rewarded2. More efforts, as reported, _ (make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform. (2016, 江苏江苏)【解析【解析】据报道，为了加速供给侧结构改据报道，为了加速供给侧结构改革，在今后几年将做出更大的努力。革，在今后几年将做出更大的努力。in the years ahead可知动作发生在将来，可知动作发生在将来，more efforts与与make为被动关系。为被动关系。 will be made3. It is reported that a space station _ (build) on the moon in years to come. (2016, 江苏江苏)【解析【解析】据报道，一个太空站在未来几年将据报道，一个太空站在未来几年将会在月球上被建立。会在月球上被建立。in years to come及及space station与与build间为被动且用将来时间为被动且用将来时态。态。 will be built【写作指导【写作指导】此类文章可包括以下四部分：此类文章可包括以下四部分：一：开门见山，指出最喜欢的一项运动；一：开门见山，指出最喜欢的一项运动；二：说明喜欢这一运动的理由；二：说明喜欢这一运动的理由；三：介绍现在参加这项运动的基本情况；三：介绍现在参加这项运动的基本情况；四：最喜欢的运动员及自己的梦想。四：最喜欢的运动员及自己的梦想。如何描写最喜欢的一项运动如何描写最喜欢的一项运动【常用表达【常用表达】1. 开头开头Of all the sports, I like . best. is my favorite sport.People all over the world like .If you ask me which sport I like best, .Do you like sports? Which sport do you like best?Do you want to know which sport I like best?How much do you know about .?2. 正文正文喜欢该运动的原因：喜欢该运动的原因：I like . because .The reason why I like . is that .Most people like . because .My favorite player / footballer / athlete is . I like him / her because .喜欢上该运动的时间：喜欢上该运动的时间： When I was . years old, .At the age of ., I showed great interest in .I became interested in . when I was .I first learned to . at the age of .如何从事该运动：如何从事该运动：I often practise it .Whenever I have time, .Apart from ., I . every weekend.3. 结尾结尾I become more and more . by playing .I hope in the future I can .I really want to be a(n) . when I grow up.【写作任务【写作任务】某英文报社以某英文报社以“My favorite sport”为题进为题进行征文活动，请你用英语写一篇短文，介行征文活动，请你用英语写一篇短文，介绍自己最喜欢的一项运动。绍自己最喜欢的一项运动。注意：词数注意：词数120左右。左右。【参考范文【参考范文】My favourite sport Of all the sports, I like playing football best. My father is a football fan. Under his influence, I began to show interest in it when I was only four years old. Now I am a member of the school football team, in which I play as a forward as well as being captain. We often practise it together. I play football with my friends every weekend after finishing my homework. It is very interesting. My favorite player is Messi from Argentina. My greatest wish is to be a football super-star like him in the future, and I hope I can play football in the World Cup for my country when I grow up.I. 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。用括号内单词的正确形式填空。1. I think getting a gold medal is the dream of every _ (compete).2. Her words had a(n) _ (magic) effect on us.3. Mary worked out _ (regular) at the gym, lunched with friends, and enjoyed her time with her sons.4. Its her _ (responsible) to ensure the project finishes on petitormagicalregularlyresponsibility5. Now, I am back on my feet. I am _ (physical) healthy again.6. I kept on struggling forward, even though I knew it was _ (hope).7. I tried to ask a question, but just made myself look _ (fool).8. My feet were sometimes so _ (pain) and swollen that I could not wear shoes.physicallyhopelessfoolishpainfulII. 用合适短语并用正确形式填空。用合适短语并用正确形式填空。1. as well as, may as well, as wellOften life is much slower outside the big cities, as is true in other countries _.We expect you to do the housework _ looking after the children.Since it is raining hard, you _ stay here.as wellas well asmay as well2. stand for, stand by, stand outHow can you _ and let him suffer like this?She has learned a kind of alphabet for the blind, in which different finger positions _ different letters of the alphabet.The red houses in this seaside city _ against the background of the green hills in the past.stand bystand forstood out3. one after another, one anotherOur family was always close, but we were never used to expressing our feelings to _.I went through the items on the list _.one anotherone after another III. 把短文中的主动语态改成被动语态。把短文中的主动语态改成被动语态。 The government made an important decision last night. It will ban all cars from the center of the city as pollution is seriously affecting peoples health. It will allow only bicycles and buses to enter the city center. It is making plans for a new environmental police force. After all, it must do something before its too late.An important decision was made by the government last night. All cars will be banned from the center of the city as peoples health is being seriously affected by pollution. Only bicycles and buses will be allowed to enter the city center. Plans for a new environmental police force are being made. After all, something must be done before its too late. 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。内容或括号内单词的正确形式。 Sochi lies on the shore of the Black Sea near the Caucasus Mountains and 1. _ (enjoy) some of Russias warmest weather, with hot summers 2. _ mild winters as well. It is a popular holiday resort in Russia and its seafront is full 3. _ restaurants, bars and cafs. enjoysandofIn the hot summer months, although loud music can be heard 4. _ (come) from its many nightclubs until dawn, away from the seafront, visitors can enjoy quiet parks 5. _ (fill) with cypress trees and magnolias. The city became well-known in 2014, 6. _ athletes from all over the world headed for Sochi 7. _comingfilledwhento compete But the games ice skating took place in the neighboring town of Adler, 8. _ a new stadium was built. The skiing and snowboarding took place in the nearby mountain village of Krasnaya Polyana. In 9. _ future Sochi will be playing yet another very important role on the international scene when it will be 10. _ of the host cities for the 2018 FIFA World Cup.wheretheone
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