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microscopicmess349A Life with BirdsFor nearly 17 years David Cope has worked as one of the Tower of Londons Yeoman Warders, better known to tourists as Beefeaters. David, 64, lives in a three-bedroomed flat right at the top of the Byward Tower, one of the gatehouses.” From our bedroom we have a marvelous view of Tower Bridge and the Thames. “ says David.The Tower of London is famous for its ravens, the large black birds which have lived there for over three centuries. David was immediately fascinated by the birds and when he was offered_the post of Raven Master eight years ago he had no hesitation in accepting it. “The birds have now become my life and Im always aware of the fact that I am maintaining a tradition. The legend says that if the ravens leave the Tower, England will fall to enemies, and its my job to make sure this doesnt happen! “David devotes about four hours a day to the care of the ravens. He has grown to love them and the fact that he lives right next to them is ideal. “I can keep a close eye on them all the time, and not just when Im working.”At first, Davids wife Mo was not keen on the idea of life in the Tower, but she too will be sad to leave when he retires next year. “When we look out of our windows we see history all around us, and we are taking it in and storing it up for our future memories.”A Lucky BreakActor Antonio Banderas is used to breaking bones, and it always seems to happen when hes doing sport. In the film Play it to the Bone he plays the part of a middleweight boxer alongside Woody Harrelson.During the making of the film Harrelson kept complaining that the fight scenes werent very convincing, so one day he suggested that he and Banderas should have a fight for real. The Spanish actor wasnt keen on the idea at first, but he was eventually persuaded by his co-star to put on his gloves and climb into the boxing ring. However, when he realized how seriously his opponent was taking it all, he began to regret his decision to fight. And then in the third round, Harrelson hit Banderas so hard in the face that he actually broke his nose. His wife, actress Melanie Griffith, was furious that he had been playing “silly macho games”. “She was right”, confesses Banderas, and I was a fool to take a risk like that in the middle of a movie.”He was reminded of the time he broke his leg during a football match in his native Malaga. He had always dreamed of becoming a soccer star, of performing in front of a big crowd, but doctors told him his playing days were probably over. “Thats when I decided to take up acting; I saw it as another way of performing, and achieving recognition. What happened to me on that football pitch was, you might say, my first lucky break.”Global WarmingFew people now question the reality of global warming and its effects on the worlds climate. Many scientists put the blame for recent natural disasters on the increase the in worlds temperatures and are convinced that, more than ever before, the Earth is at risk from the forces of the wind, rain and sun. According to them, global warming is making extreme weather events,_ such as hurricanes and droughts, even more severe and causing sea levels all around the world to rise.Environmental groups are putting pressure on governments to take action to reduce the amoumt of carbon dioxide which is given off by factories and power plants, thus attacking the problem at its source. They are in_favour of more money being spent on research into solar, wind and wave energy devices, which could then replace existing power stations.Some scientists,_however, believe that even if we stopped releasing carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere tomorrow, we would have to wait several hundred years to notice the results. Global warming, it seems, is here to stay.A Success StoryAt 19, Ben Way is already a millionaire, and one of a growing number of teenagers who have made their fortune through the Internet.What makes Bens story all the more remarkable is that he is dyslexic, and was told by teachers at his junior school that he would never be able to read or write properly. “I wanted to prove them wrong”, says Ben, creator and director of Waysearch, a net search engine which can be used to find goods in online shopping malls.When he was eight, his local authorities provided him with a PC to help with school work. Although he was unable to read the manuals, he had a natural ability with the computer, and encouraged by his father, he soon began charging people 10 an hour for his knowledge and skills. At the age of 15 he set up his own computer consultancy, Quad Computer, which he ran from his bedroom, and two years later he left school to devote all his time to business.By this time the company had grown and I needed to take on a_couple of employees to help me”, says Ben. “That enabled me to start doing business with bigger companies. “ It was his ability to consistently_overcome difficult challenges that led him to win the Young Entrepreneur of the Year award in the same year that he formed Waysearch, and he has recently signed a deal_worth25 million with a private investment company, which will finance his search engine.Traffic in Our CitiesThe volume of traffic in many cities in the world today continues to expand. This causes many problems, including serious air pollution, lengthy delays, and the greater risk of accidents. Clearly, something must be done, but it is often difficult to persuade people to change their habits and leave their cars at home.One possible approach is to make it more expensive for people to use their cars by_increasing charges for parking and bring in tougher fines for anyone who breaks the law. In addition, drivers could be required to pay for using particular routes at different times of the day. This system,known as “road pricing”, is already being introduced in a number of cities, using a special electronic card_fixed to the windscreen of the car.Another way of dealing with the problem is to provide cheap parking on the outskirts of the city, and strictly control the number of vehicles allowed into the centre. Drivers and their passengers then use a special bus service for the final stage of their journey.Of course, the most important thing is to provide good public transport. However, to get people to give up the comfort of their cars, public transport must be felt to be reliable, convenient and comfortable, with fares kept at an acceptable level.Telling Tales about People讲述关于人们的故事One of the most common types of nonfiction最普遍的非小说类文学作品类型之一就是一些描述人们生活的故事，并且很多人喜欢阅读这类作品。这些故事大致分为三类：自传、回忆录和传记。自传是作者记录自己故事的文章。通常自传会以作者最早期的回忆开始并以对现在情况的总结作为结束。自传的作者也许不会完全客观地介绍自己。然而，他们给读者提供了一个途径来了解自己比较好的行事风格和为何成就这样的自己。就像本杰明富兰克林和海伦凯勒一样，各种各样的人们已经写了自传。其他的作者就像詹姆斯，乔伊斯一样仅仅写了关于自己生活的虚构小说。这些不是自传，但是它们和自传非常相近。严格意义上来讲，回忆录是既注重作者本身的生活经历，也注重其所处的时代所发生的事件的自传性的描述。回忆录作者通常把这些事件作为他们生活的背景。他们详细地描述这些事件并论述这些事件的重要性。虽然近些年，回忆录这个词似乎开始变得可以和自传互换，但是目前回忆录也许还没有因外界评论而有所改变。传记事实上是记录（作者以外）其他人的生活。在很多方面，传记也许是这三种非小说类文学作品中最难写的了。自传作者知悉他们所写的事件因为他们就生活在其中。但是传记作者不得不尽量从很多不同的渠道来收集信息。然后他们不得不决定包含哪种事实。他们的目标是用比较全面的图片来介绍一个人物，并不是过于积极也不是过于批判。一个公正并详尽的传记也许要花费许多年来研究并进行书写。may take years to research and write.1.This passage is mostly about -the characteristics of autobiographies, memoirs, and biographies2.Helen Keller wrote -an autobiography3.Autobiography writers are not always objective because they -want to present themselves in a good light4.The writer introduces each category in the passage by -defining it5.Diverse means -varied or differentOutside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference课外学习带来很大不同Putting a bunch of college students让一群大学生去负责募集30万美元的马拉松跳舞活动，这种募捐听起来肯定有点儿冒险。当你知道这笔募捐款是提供给需要医疗护理的儿童，你可能会觉得这个想法很疯狂。佛罗里达大学一个22岁的学生Darren Heitner说大多数学生领导者不想在他们不太关注的事情上花太多时间。他任马拉松跳舞经营部经瑪年了。Yvonne Fangmeyer是威斯康星大学学生社团办公室主任，在2月进行了一次学生参加校园社团的调查。她说增进友谊是大家提到最多的参加校园社团的原因。像Fangmeyer大学那样大规模的学校，有4万多学生，学生首先想要找到属于他们的校园一角。威斯康星大四的学生Katie Rowley肯定了调查结果。“我加入校园社团希望让校园感觉上变得小一些，这样不仅可以投入到校园生活中还可以交到很多朋友。”这些关于友谊的看法并不意味着学生不考虑他们的经历. Heitner说：“我认为很多人加入校园社团来丰富经历，刚上大学的时候，我加入了一些校园社团，希望培养自己的领导能力。”但是如果没有热情，学生领导者很难经受风雨考验。例如，在4月份，威斯康星大学几个学生社团开展了一项活动，向学生讲述无家可归和贫困。学生领导必须面对一些问题，比如解决争论，受雨天影响而更改活动日期，与学校复杂的机构打交道。Fangmeyer说：“课外的这种学习确实带来很大不同。”makes a big difference”, Fangmeyer said1.An extracurricular activity like raising a fund of $300,000 is risky because most student leaders -will not take an interest in it2.American students join campus organizations mostly for -building friendship3.Who is Katie Rowley?-Shes a senior student4.What do student leaders need to carry an activity through to a successful end?-Passion5.The phrasal verb fatten up in paragraph 6 could be best replaced by -polishShark Attack!小心鲨鱼！ Craig Rogers was sitting on his surfboard克雷格.罗杰斯正坐在他的冲浪板上估算着下一波浪离他还有多远，就在这时冲浪板不动了。他低头向水下看，惊悚的一幕出现了： 一条大白鲨正在撕咬冲浪板的前端。“我的肘部可能都已经碰到了它的眼睛”，克雷格谈道。原来，这条鲨鱼悄悄地浮上了水面，完全没让克雷格听到。 克雷格惊慌害怕，手足无措，但是偶然之间他被鲨鱼咬掉了两支手指，然后随着滑板翻了个个儿，他也掉进水里。就在那时，处于水中的克雷格两支手指鲜血直流，但这条五米长 的鲨鱼却径直游开，消失在深海之中。 虽然鲨鱼常被认为是疯狂杀人的猎手，但事实上这是不准确的。鲨鱼很少猎杀人类。比起被鲨鱼杀死，人类更有可能被闪电击中或是淹死在浴缸中。在上个世纪，有报道的只有74人命丧鲨鱼之口。然而大白鲨可以长封6米长、2200公斤重或是更重。3000颗牙齿排成数排长在鲨鱼那可怕的血盆大口中，它们可以轻易杀死并吃掉无助的落水者。但为什么大多数人受到大白鲨攻击之后都能鲨口逃生呢？鲨鱼研究者们正在努力寻找使得人类鲨口脱险的原因。 最常用的解释是说大白鲨的视力不好。人们认为大白鲨会把人类错当成是海豹或是海狮，后两者是鲨鱼的主要食物来源。但是人类又找到了理由来质疑这一论断。最近的研究信息表明大白鲨视力不错。并且当大白鲨在攻击海豹时，它们会迅速窜上海面，用力撕咬。但当大白鲨在攻击人类时，它们在大多数情况下会慢慢浮上海面，撕咬的力度也轻得多。它们很快就会发现人类的肉不够肥。“它们把我们吐出来是因为我们太瘦了”，艾丹.马丁说道，他是鲨鱼研究暗礁搜索中心的领头人。 诸如马丁这样的鲨鱼研究者们提出了这样一种假设：大白鲨实际上是一种好奇心很重的动物，它们喜欢探索新鲜事物。有可能它们撕咬物体不仅仅是为了猎杀和吃掉，也是为了搜集信息。虽然这种经历对于像克雷格罗杰斯这些人来说很不幸，但是当鲨鱼在撕咬冲浪板， 或是别的物体，甚至是人类时，很可能它们只是在尽量了解那到底是个什么东西。are likely just trying to learn what they are1.After Craig Rogers fell into the water, the shark -swam away2.It is difficult for the author to understand why great whites -often let humans escape3.Which of the following is closest in meaning to make up in line 2 of paragraph 4?-are4.The word their in line 2 of paragraph 4 means -great whites5.What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph?-We now know great whites dont mistake humans for other animals.Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving火鸡盛宴和感恩节的祝福Four weeks ago US children dressed 四周前，美国的孩子打扮成鬼怪，四处要糖吃。这就是万圣节。几周之后就是圣诞节，美国的房子都会被染成红色和绿色，里面放满了礼物。似乎这一切还不够，这周的星期二，美国人还会庆祝另外一个节日感恩节。孩子们有两天不上课，商店歇业，房子里面家人喜欢的食物堆成了山。每年在佛罗里达的Gainesville，会有一个班级一起庆祝感恩节。全班同学会打扮起来，为家人表演剧目。剧目过后一家人分享一顿传统的感恩节美食，比如火鸡和南瓜饼。Dean Foster，一个10岁的男孩愿意加入这样的庆祝活动。他说： “我喜欢感恩节，因为不用上学，有很多好吃的，还有快乐的家庭聚会。”他9岁的弟弟Ben说：“感恩节最大的好处，就是它一结束圣诞节就开始了。”但是在食物和花掉的大笔钱的背后有另一层寓意。周二晚上，Dean和Ben的家人会做一个篮子，吃晚饭的时候把它放在桌子上。每个人会把他们要感谢的东西列在一张单子上，放在篮子里。一家人会读出每一张单子上写的内容，花时间感谢上帝，感谢彼此给予这样舒适幸福的生活。感恩节是一个传统节日，起源于1621年第一批朝圣者来到美洲开始新生活的时候。艰苦的第一年后，在秋天取得了大丰收。他们举行了盛宴，并邀请了当地的土著印第安人一起感谢上帝给予他们充足的食物。很多国家庆祝感恩节，时间经常是在庄稼成熟，收割完毕准备过冬之时。and the crops collected for winter1.On Halloween,children in the United States often dress up as -ghosts2.When are turkey and pumpkin pie eaten?-On Thanksgiving.3.Thanksgiving is the time for the American people to thank God for -providing them with comfortable and happy lives4.Many children in the United States like Thanksgiving because -they can stay with their parents at home and eat a lot of nice food5.The first pilgrims settled in America in -1620The Travels of Ibn Battuta伊本白图泰游记 I left Tangier, my birthplace, the 13th of June“1325年6月13日，我离开了家乡丹吉尔，打算前往麦加朝圣。我告别了所有的朋友，如鸟儿离巢般，告别故土。”这便是伊本白图泰游记的序言。这份旧的手稿存放在巴黎一家图书馆里。 这个年轻的摩洛哥人所处的年代比哥伦布的年代要早了几乎两个世纪，从他出发去麦加算起，30年之后伊本白图泰才回到故乡，那时的他已经晋升到历史上伟大旅行家的行列。出于好奇，他游历了伊斯兰世界的各个角落，足迹遍布了 44座现代城市，总行程是马可波罗的3倍。虽然在西方社会不怎么有名，伊本白图泰在阿拉伯国家却家喻户晓。在伊本白图泰的故乡丹吉尔，有以他命名的广场、旅店、咖啡馆、渡船，甚至汉堡。 伊本白图泰以学生的身份在麦加待了几年，但对于游历的渴望很快又让他重新出发。 有一次他来到印度，在德里的苏丹王那里谋到了一份收入颇丰的工作。他写到，在去德里的路上，他的队伍在野外被80名步兵和2位马夫攻击：“我们进行了殊死搏斗杀死 他们的一位马夫和差不多12名步兵我和马都中了箭，但是多谢真主的恩赐，最后我活了下来我们背着亡者的头颅前往阿布巴卡尔的城堡并把这些头颅挂在城墙上。” 因为有在麦加的学习经历，德里的苏丹王给伊本白图泰安排了法官的工作。但是这位苏丹王脾气古怪，性情多变，所以伊本白图泰想借机逃走：当苏丹王提出要资助伊本白图泰去中国旅行时，他同意了。伊本白图泰将要乘着三艘船起航，但他还未离岸，不幸便降临了。一场突如其来的暴风雨摧毁了两艘船，吹走了财宝，许多船员和马匹都溺水而亡。他眼睁睁看着载着他的财物和奴隶的第三艘船被吹到了海上，从此便再无音讯。更糟的是，他的孩子也在这艘船上。 最后摩洛哥的苏丹王要求一生游历的伊本白图泰回家和世人分享他的智慧。幸运的是， 他同意了此事并写了本书。这本书已被翻译成了很多种语言，可以让世人了解他那无与伦比的旅行经历。 read about his unparalleled journeys1.What is the passage mainly about?-The adventures of Ibn Battuta.2.Which of the following is closest in meaning to set off for in line 5?-left to go to.3.The Sultan of Delhi gave Ibn Battuta a position of judge because -Ibn Battuta had studied in Mecca4.Which of the following would the writer of this passage most likely agree with?-Ibn Battuta should be better known in the West today.5.Why did Ibn Battuta finally return to his home?-The Sultan of Morocco asked him to return.TV Shows and Long Bus Trips看电视与长途汽车旅行Long bus rides are like television shows乘长途汽车旅行与看电视一样，有开始、中间和结尾，每隔三四分钟都会看到各种商业广告。这些商业广告是不可避免的，不管你是想要还是不想要。每隔几分钟就会有一块广告牌从车窗外闪过。比如“买超洁净牙膏”，“饮格威特露啤酒”， “请用太平洋汽油”等。只有当你睡着的时候，就和关掉电视一样，才会免受那些没完没了的“你需要它，现在就来买吧！”的干扰。旅行刚开始是蛮舒服的，甚至有点令人兴奋，即使你以前曾沿此路线旅行过。通常会有不少变化，新的房屋，新的高楼，有时甚至会有一段新的道路。司机有自己的开车方式，开始一两小时计算车速挺有趣的。如果碰上一个特别粗心大意或胆大的司机，那乘车就会像读扣人心弦的故事一样让人兴奋。司机能及时超过那辆卡车吗？司机开车进左手还是右手车道呢？当然，过了会儿，兴奋也就没了。小睡片刻有助于度过中间的几个小时。而食物则会让旅程更加有趣，不过吃食物的时候，千万别吃太多咸食，那样你会很口渴。旅程的最后倒有点像刚开始。知道自己快下车了，你满怀期望和兴奋。当然，随着时间一小时一小时过去，座位变得越来越硬。到目前为止，你交叉着双腿，把手放在大腿上，把手放在扶手上，甚至把双手交叉托于脑后。旅行结束得正是时候，正好没有别的坐姿可以变换了。There are just no more ways to sit1.According to the passage,what do the passengers usually see when they are on a long bus trip?-Advertisements on billboards.2.What is the purpose of this passage?-To talk about the similarities between long bus trips and TV shows.3.The writer of this passage would probably favor -no billboards along the road4.The writer feels long bus rides are like TV shows because -they both have a beginning,a middle,and an end,with commercials in between5.The writer thinks that the end of the ride is somewhat like the begriming because both are -excitingModern Sun Worshippers现代日光浴崇拜者People travel for a lot of reasons人们外出观光旅游的原因有许多，一些旅游者去看古战场或是宗教圣殿；一些旅游者去追寻文化之源或是仅仅在名胜之地请人给他们照几张相。但大多数欧洲游客愿意寻找阳光充足的海滩晒日光浴.北欧人心甘情愿花大笔钱，容忍诸多不便去获得阳光，因为阳光对他们来说太难得了。由于冬季白天很短，像伦敦、哥本哈根和阿姆斯特丹的居民在冬季的大部分时间里，都是在昏暗中度过的，而其余的季节又都是阴雨连绵。这就是地中海地区成为人们向往之地的原因。每年夏天，有2 500多万旅游者来到地中海的一些旅游胜地和海滨度假。他们都是为了同一个原因而来：阳光！众多的游客意味着为地中海地区的国家带来巨大的经济财富。每年夏季，意大利的3万多家旅馆全部客满，而且还有1 300多万的游客要在法国的海滩、公园和路边宿营。西班牙那漫长的海岸线更成了众多旅游者慕名前往的地方。每年有3 700多万游客，换句话说，旅游者与西班牙居民人数相当，即1：1。但有一些迹象表明，旅游业的发展已超出该地区的承受能力。地中海已成了地球上污染最严重的海洋。而随着游客的增多，情况变得更糟。法国人想不出什么好办法来处理宿营在圣特罗佩周围的那些游客所丢掉的废物垃圾。而且在许多地方因为海水受到了污染，游泳已成为一种危险的活动。然而，这些都没有破坏人们的兴致。每年到地中海观光的游客越来越多。很显然，他们不是为了清洁的海水和清静自在而前往的。他们忍受着交通堵塞的煎熬，而且似乎很喜欢拥挤的海滩。他们甚至不在乎污染。不管海水是怎样的污浊不堪，海岸线看起来仍是那么美。只要有阳光照耀，总比坐在伦敦、柏林或奥斯陆的凄风冷雨中好得多。cold rain in Berlin, London, or Oslo1.The writer seems to imply that Europeans travel mostly for the reason that -they wish to escape from the cold,dark and rainy days back at home2.In paragraph 2,cities like London,Copenhagen,and Amsterdam are mentioned -to show that they are not good cities in terms of geography and climate3.According to the passage, which of the following countries attracts more tourists than the others?-Spain4.The latter half of the last sentence in paragraph 3,i. e. , “or one tourist for every person living in Spain” means -every year almost as many tourists visit Spain as there are people living in that country5.According to the passage, which of the following factors might spoil the tourists fun at Mediterranean resorts and beaches?-Rainy weather.The Changing Middle Class变化中的中产阶级The United States perceives itself to 美国把自己看成是一个中产阶级的国家。然而，中产阶级既不是一个真实的称号，也不会带来特别待遇。它更是一个观念，一个也许在第二次世界大战之后会变得更加正确的观念。那时，美国经济不断增长，越来越多的人拥有了自己的家庭，工人们和雇佣自己的公司签订了可靠的合同，并且几乎所有想受到高等教育的人能够接受教育。成功的人士享受这种上升的社会流动性。他们也许之前很穷，但是他们能够变得富有。成功人士同样发现他们有更好的地理流动性。换句话说，他们发现自己正移居并生活在各种各样的地方。这些中产阶级都持有几种相同的价值观和原则。认为赚取足够金钱就可以决定自己经济命运的想法，是其中一种比较强烈的价值观。另外，中产阶级的道德观包括个人的责任感、家庭的重要性、对他人的使命感以及相信自我以外的事物。但是在20世纪90年代，这些中产阶级的人们发现了成功的代价。1994年，美国新闻与世界报道的二篇调查称，75%的美国人认为中产阶级家庭无法收支相抵。现在夫妻双方以及他们的一些孩子都在工作；遥远的上下班路程变成了常态，儿童看护给家庭带来了很大压力，并且公立学校已经不如以前那样好了。中产阶级的成员不再通过薪水来支付他们的生活所需，而是通过使用信用卡来维持生活。对于中产阶级的理解正在发生变化。middle class meant was changing1.The information in this passage deals with -a social and economic group2.A common middle class value is that -the family is very important3.In the years after World War II, the middle class could be defined as -prosperous and optimistic4.The phrase “In other words” in the first paragraph means that the following statement is -a restatement of the previous idea5.The word collectively means -as a groupSingle-parent Kids Do Best单亲幼儿最出色Single mums are better at raising单身母亲在抚养孩子方面比双亲要好至少在鸟的世界是这样的。母斑胸草雀必须要努力工作且只能抚养较少的小鸟，但是它们抚养的雄性后代更有吸引力，更容易得到配偶。这个发现显示家庭冲突是与捕食和食物提供等生态因素同样重要的进化推动力。身边有双亲就总会有利益冲突，这会对后代的质量产生有害的影响。从进化的角度讲，在动物界，任何一个父亲或母亲的最佳策略都是让他人来照顾后代，这样，它们就可以集中精力再繁殖后代。所以父母之间很自然就出现了相互推卸责任的现象。但是兰卡斯特大学的阿兰哈特利及他的工作组想知道家庭是如何解决这个冲突的，以及冲突本身是如何影响后代的。为了找到答案他们衡量斑胸草雀抚养它们的子女花了多少力气。他们监控每个母亲或父亲采集的食物量，以及移动或增加小鸟，因此每对草雀养4只小鸟，每只单身母雀养两只假定这是相同的工作量。通过这些方法他们对单身母雀和成对草雀做了比较。但是他们发现单身母雀比与配偶共同抚养后代的母雀多付出25%。如果公雀太懒的话，为了避免受到剥削，有配偶的母雀并不十分努力工作。这样做的后果就是后代付出代价。哈特利说：“后代要为这种冲突付出某些代价。”这种代价不是表现在身材和体重的锐减，而是表现在它们对异性有多大吸引力上。当小鸟长大后，研究者通过提供给雌性它们所选择的伴侣的方法检验雄性后代的健康状况。那些由单身母亲抚养大的雄性比由父母抚养大的雄性更多地被选中。研究鸟类父母冲突的剑桥大学动物学家瑞贝卡，卡尔纳说，很久以来人们就认为两性之间的冲突会影响对后代的照顾。 “但是试验证据并不充分。这个突破主要是以经验来显示这种影响的。”卡尔纳说更为令人惊讶的是哈特利说这种冲突可能会严重影响行为的进化、窝卵数目甚至外表。哈特利说：“人们并没真正确定这种联系。”人们通常认为雌性的繁殖策略受捕食和食物提供方式的影响。卡尔纳说父母之间的冲突现在也应该被考虑在内了。be taken into account as well1.With which of the following statements would the author probably agree?-Two-parent families produce less attractive children2.According to the passage, in what way does family conflict affect the quality of the offspring?-The young males get less care.3.What is the relationship between paragraph 4 and paragraph 5?-Experiment and result.4.According to Hartley, which of the following is NOT influenced by sexual conflict?-The offsprings body size.5.According to the passage, people believe that a females reproductive strategy is influenced by -ecological factorsA Letter from Alan艾伦的来信I have learnt of a plan to build 我听说了一个要在叫Parson公园上建造三百所房子的计划。没有几个人知道这个打算将我们的城镇扩大的计划。对我来说，Parson公园是非常特别的，因为它是一个美丽的天然公园，当地人可以在此放松休息。这片小树林里有许多独特的树木并且这里的小溪受到了渔夫和野鸟观察者的欢迎。这里很安静因为附近只有几所房子和几条公路。我认为失去这片公园会很糟糕，因为在这附近我们没有其他与其相似的公园了。我反对这项计划也是因为它将会引起交通问题。住在新房子的人们将如何去工作呢？高速公路和地铁站在城镇的另一端。因此，这些人每次出行的时候将不得不驱车穿越城镇中心。公路上将总是有很多车辆，没有地方停车，并且来参观我们这儿可爱的老式建筑物的观光者将会离开这里。商店和旅馆将赔钱。如果这个城镇真的需要更多的房子，那片在地铁站附近的空地是一个更合适的地方。毫无疑问，通过出售这些房子建筑商们会赚很多钱。但是，在我看来，每个人将会因这个计划的实施而快速地变穷。不但如此，我们将失去一个非常特别的地方，并且我们的城镇将会失去很多快乐。我将在周一早上到当地政府办公室抗议这项计划，并且我希望你们这些读者将会和我一起去那里。我们必须让他们停止这项计划，否则就来不及了。stop this plan before it is too late1.Why has Alan written this letter?-To inform other people about the builders plans.2.Why is Parsons Place particularly important, in Alans opinion?-Because it is a place near the town where people can enjoy nature.3.What will cause traffic jams?-A building on Parsons Place.4.Alan says that ordinary people who live in the town will probably soon -have less money5.Which of these posters has Alan made?-SAY NO TO HOUSES ON PARSONS PLACEThe Development of Ballet芭蕾舞的发展Ballet is a dance form that has芭蕾舞是一种历史悠久的舞蹈形式。事实上芭蕾舞延续至今说明了其随着时代的变化而有所调整。在文艺复兴时期，芭蕾舞开始于皇家宫廷。在那时，芭蕾舞在国王、王后以及贵族之间变得普遍，并且与音乐、诗歌以及舞蹈一起参与盛会的表演。当这些娱乐形式从意大利宫廷流传到法国宫廷的时候，宫女们开始参与进来。虽然她们的长裙子阻碍了很多的动作，但是她们能够表演复杂的步伐。直到1 7世纪女舞者缩短了她们的裙子，改穿平底鞋，并且开始做一些男舞者表演的跳跃和转圈动作。而且也是在17世纪，专业的芭蕾舞舞蹈团应运而生。法国国王路易十四建立了皇家舞蹈学院，而他本身就是一个芭蕾舞爱好者。由此正式确定了脚的5个基本位置，这5个外开的位置成为发展芭蕾舞技术的基础。18世纪末，发生了另一个重要的改变。芭蕾舞开始通过自己的表演来讲述故事。它再也不仅仅是幕间表演的插舞。精致的假发和服装被淘汰。在19世纪初，舞者学会了用脚尖站立使其看起来像是在漂浮。正如我们所知，现如今古典芭蕾主要受到了俄罗斯舞蹈的影响。在19世纪中叶，当欧洲其他国家对于芭蕾舞的兴趣有所减少时，俄罗斯人始终保持着对芭蕾舞的兴趣。在20世纪初，最有影响力的人物之一便是谢尔盖基列夫。他的舞蹈公司俄罗斯芭蕾舞团，为芭蕾带来了新的动力与活力。他的主要助手之一，乔治巴兰钦，在1948年建立了纽约市芭蕾舞舞蹈团并影响了新一代的舞者。influence new generations of dancers1.This passage deals mainly with -the way ballet developed2.An important influence in early ballet was -Louis XIV3.You can conclude from this passage that ballet -will continue to change as new people and ideas influence it4.The information in this passage is presented -in chronological order5.The word pageants means -elaborate showsSmuggling走私It is
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