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2014年全国职称英语考试 综合类B级 考前押题【内部资料，严防泄密】第1部分：词汇选项(第115题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有下划线，请为每处下划线部分确定l个意义最为接近的选项。1、It is difficult to comprehend, but everything you have ever seen, smelt, heard or felt,is merely your brains interpretation of incoming stimuli.Aexplanation Bevaluation Crecognition Dinterruption2、Romantic novels, as opposed to realistic ones, tend to present idealized versions of life, often with a happy ending.Ain contrast to Bin regard to Cin terms of Din light of3、When taken in large quantities some drugs can cause permanent brain damage.Alasting Bserious Cterrible Dtemporary4、When a man knows that he will be put into prison if he uses a potentially deadlyobject to rob or do harm to another person, he will think twice about it.Apassive Blifelong Cunhappy Dfatal5、Because of adverse weather conditions, the travelers stopped to camp.Alocal Bunfamiliar Cgood Dunfavorable6、There are some things in the class the teachers will not put up with.Atolerate Bcontribute Cresist Dprohibit7、They believe that the merchants had conspired to undermine the nations economic independence.Auphold Bminimize Cweaken Dpostpone8、Courageous people think quickly and act without hesitation.Acomplaint Bconsideration Cdelay Danxiety9、A good employer gives hints to his or her employees without interfering with their creativity.Afreedom Bassistance Cclues Dfunds10、Practically all animals communicate either through sounds or through soundless codes.ACertainly BProbably CAbsolutely DAlmost11、Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake.Ashaken Bdamaged Cfallen Djumped12、Academic records cannot be duplicated.Aborrowed Bpurchased Crewritten Dcopied13、We have ample money for the journey.Asome Blittle Cextra Denough14、The failure is not horrible because it helps to accumulate useful experiences.Aincrease BspreadCcollect Dgrow15、The government warned the people of being careful about this kind of contagiousdisease.Ainfectious Bserious Cdirty Dworrying第2部分：阅读判断(第1622题，每题1分，共7分) 。 下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。16、根据材料，完成16-23题。The Workers Role in Management Traditionally, it has been the workers role to work and managements role to manage. Managers have planned and directed the firms operations with little thought to consulting the labor force. Managers have rarely felt compelled to obtain the workers opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees. At most, companies have provided suggestion boxes inwhich workers could place ideas for improving procedures. In recent years, however, many management specialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellers of labor - they have a vital stake in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to its management. Furthermore, major company decisions profoundly affect workers and their dependents. This is particularly true of plant closings, which may put thousands on the unemployment lines. Should workers, then, play a stronger role in management? Workers should have a role in management. At the very least, the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions ( A common complaint among rank-and-file workers is the lack of information about company policies and actions). Between 1980 and 1985 about fivemillion workers were the victims of plant closings and. permanent layoffs, often with no warning. At least 90 days notice ought to be given in such instances so that workers have time to adjust. Management should consult workers before closing a plant, because the workers mightbe able to suggest ways of improving productivity and reducing costs and might be willing to make concessions that will help keep the plant operating.It should become a general practice to include workers in some managerial decision making. There ought to be representatives of the workers on the firms board of directors or other major policy making groups. If rank-and-file workers are given a voice in the planning andmanagement of the work flow, they will help to make improvements, their morale will rise, and their productivity will increase. As a further incentive, they must be given a share in the companys profits. This can be done through employee stockownership plans, bonuses, or rewards for efficiency and productivity. Finally, when a plant can no longer operate at a profit, the workers should be given the opportunity to purchase the plant and run it themselves.Traditional workers showed no interest in management.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned17、In reCent years many management specialists have been arguing for the workers role in management with two major reasons.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned18、Since policy decisions are business secrets of a firm, workers should not be informed of them.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned19、Before closing, a plant should put up a notice and keep it for 90 days.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned20、The workers participation in management might save a plant from closing down.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned21、One of the advantages of involving workers in making a decision is that the interpersonal relationship between workers and managers can be improved.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned22、An efficient and productive worker should be rewarded with anything but shares of a plant.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第2330题，每题1分，共8分)下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定 一个最佳选项。23、根据材料，完成23-31题。Washoe Learned American Sign Language 1. An animal that influenced scientific thought has died. A chimpanzee named Washoe and born in Africa died of natural causes late last month at the age of 42 at a research center in the American state of Washington. Washoe had become known in the scientific community andaround the world for her ability to use American Sign Language. She was said to be the first non-human to learn a human language. Her skills also led to debate about primates and their ability to understand language. 2. Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe sign language in 1966. In 1969, the Gardners described Washoes progress in a scientific report. The people who experimented with Washoe said she grew to understand about 250 words. For example,Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat. She could request foods like apples and bananas. She also asked questions like, Who is coming to play? Once the news about Washoe spread, many language scientists began studies of their own into this newand exciting area of research. The whole direction of primate research changed. 3. However, critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign language movements from watching her teachers. They said she had never developed true language skills. Even now, there are some researchers who suggest that primates learn sign language only by memory, and perform the signs only for prizes. Yet Washoes keepers disagree. Roger Fouts is a former student of the Gardners. He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg, Washington. There, Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees, which are still alive. 4. Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believe Washoe provided new information about the mental workings of chimpanzees. Today, there are not as many scientists studying language skills with chimps. 5. Debate continues about chimps understanding of human communication. Yet, one thing is sure - Washoe changed popular ideas about the possibilities of animal intelligence.Paragraph 1_AReason Why Not Many Scientists Carry out ThisResearch NowadaysBReport about WashoeS Progress in Learning Sign LanguageCGeneraI l nformation about WashoeDThe GardenersContributions RecognizedEDebate on ChimpsIntelligenceFWashoeS Love for Three Young Chimps24、Paragraph 2_AReason Why Not Many Scientists Carry out ThisResearch NowadaysBReport about WashoeS Progress in Learning Sign LanguageCGeneraI l nformation about WashoeDThe GardenersContributions RecognizedEDebate on ChimpsIntelligenceFWashoeS Love for Three Young Chimps25、Paragraph 3_AReason Why Not Many Scientists Carry out ThisResearch NowadaysBReport about WashoeS Progress in Learning Sign LanguageCGeneraI l nformation about WashoeDThe GardenersContributions RecognizedEDebate on ChimpsIntelligenceFWashoeS Love for Three Young Chimps26、Paragraph 4_AReason Why Not Many Scientists Carry out ThisResearch NowadaysBReport about WashoeS Progress in Learning Sign LanguageCGeneraI l nformation about WashoeDThe GardenersContributions RecognizedEDebate on ChimpsIntelligenceFWashoeS Love for Three Young Chimps27、Washoe could make signs to communicate_Aif the Gardenersargument was soundBbecause she was cleverer than other chimpsCwhen she wanted to eatDwhile she was at a research center in EllensburgEbecause she could use sign language to ask for fruitsFwhile Washoe was learning sign language 28、Some scientists doubted_Aif the Gardenersargument was soundBbecause she was cleverer than other chimpsCwhen she wanted to eatDwhile she was at a research center in EllensburgEbecause she could use sign language to ask for fruitsFwhile Washoe was learning sign language 29、Washoe taught younger chimps sign language_Aif the Gardenersargument was soundBbecause she was cleverer than other chimpsCwhen she wanted to eatDwhile she was at a research center in EllensburgEbecause she could use sign language to ask for fruitsFwhile Washoe was learning sign language 30、The experimenters thought Washoe was intelligent_Aif the Gardenersargument was soundBbecause she was cleverer than other chimpsCwhen she wanted to eatDwhile she was at a research center in EllensburgEbecause she could use sign language to ask for fruitsFwhile Washoe was learning sign language 第4部分：阅读理解(第3145题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定l个最佳选项。31、根据材料，完成31-36题。Find Yourself Packing It on? Blame Friends Obesity can spread from person to person, much like a virus, researchers are reporting today. When one person gains weight, close friends tend to gain weight, too. Their study, published in The New England Journal of Medicine, involved a detailed analysis of a large social network of 12,067 people who were been closely followed for 32 from 1971 to 2003. The investigators knew who were friends with whom as well as who was a spouse or sibling neighbor, and they knew how much each person weighed at various times over three decades.That let them reconstruct what happened over the years as individuals became obese. Did their friends also become obese? Did family members? Or neighbors? The answer, the researchers report, was that people were most likely to become obese when a friend became obese. That increased a persons chances of becoming obese by 57 percent. There was no effect when a neighbor gained or lost weight, however, and family members had less influence than friends. It did not even matter if the friend was hundreds of miles away, the influence remained. And the greatest influence of all was between close mutual friends. There, if one became obese, the other had a 171 percent increased chance of becoming obese, too.The same effect seemed to occur for weight loss, the investigators say. But since most people were gaining, not losing, over the 32 years, the result was, on average, that people grew fatter. Dr. Nicholas A. Christakis, a physician and professor of medical sociology at Harvard Medical School and a principal investigator in the new study, said one explanation was that friends affected each others perception of fatness. When a close friend becomes obese, obesity may not look so bad. You change your idea of what is an acceptable body type by looking at the people around you , Dr. Christakis said. The investigators say their findings can help explain why Americans have become fatter in recent years - each person who became obese was likely to drag along some friends. Their analysis was unique, Dr. Christakis said, because it moved beyond a simple analysis of one person and his or her social contacts and instead examined an entire social network at once, looking at how a persons friends friends, or a spouses siblings friends, could have aninfluence on a persons weight. The effects; he said, highlight the importance of a spreading process, a kind of social contagion, that spreads through the network. Of course, the investigators say, social networks are not the only factors that affect body weight. There is a strong genetic component at work, too.Science has shown that individuals have genetically determined ranges of weights, spanning perhaps 30 or so pounds for each person. But that leaves a large role for the environment in determining whether a persons weight is near the top of his or her range or near the bottom. Aspeople have gotten fatter, it appears that many are edging toward the top of their ranges. The question has been why. If the new research is correct, it may say that something in the environment seeded what some call an obesity epidemic, making a few people gain weight. Then social networks let the obesity spread rapidly.Who had the greatest influence on people who became obese?ATheir friends.BTheir neighborsCTheir family members.DTheir colleagues.32、Which of the following statement about a friends influence is FALSE according to the report?AFriends had more influence than family members on people who became obese.BEven if the friend lives far away, the influence still remained.CPeople were not likely to lose weight when they have skinny friends.DThe greatest influence of all was between close mutual friends.33、According to Dr. Nicholas A. Christakis, what is the explanation for friends being the greatest influence?AFriends usually spend a lot of time together.BFriends share similar eating habits.CFriends are more important than family members.DFriends affected each others feelings of fatness.34、Which factor of becoming obese is not mentioned in this report?ASocial contact.BGenetic information.CLife style.DEnvironmental influences.35、In what way is obesity contagious and epidemic?ASocial networks let the obesity spread rapidly.BIndividuals have genetically determined ranges of weights.CObesity can easily spread from one to another without any physical contact.DObesity can spread rapidly and extensively by infection and affecting many individuals in an area or a population at the same time.36、根据材料，完成36-41题。Good Modern Newspaper A good modern newspaper is an extraordinary piece of reading. It is remarkable first for what it contains: the range of news from local crime to international politics, from sport to business to fashion to science, and the range of comment and special features (特写) as well,from editorial page to feature articles and interviews to criticism of books, art, theatre and music. A newspaper is even more remarkable for the way one reads it: never completely, never straight through, but always by jumping : from here to there, in and out, glancing at one piece,reading another article all the way through, reading just a few paragraphs of the next. A good modern newspaper offers a variety to attract many different readers, but far more than any one reader is interested in. What brings this variety together in one place is its topicality ( 时事性),its immediate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality now. But immediacy and the speed of production that goes with it mean also that much of what appears in a newspaper has no more than transient (短暂的) value. For all these reasons, no two people really read the same paper: what each person does is to put together out of the pages of that days paper, his own selection and sequence, his own newspaper. For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently, which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self-awareness as you modify and applythe techniques of reading.A modern newspaper is remarkable for all the following EXCEPT its_Awide coverage. Buniform style.Cspeed in reporting news. Dpopularity.37、According to the passage, the reason why no two people really read the samenewspaper is that_Apeople scan for the news they are interested in.Bdifferent people prefer different newspapers.Cpeople are rarely interested in the same kind of news.Dpeople have different views about what a good newspaper is.38、It can be concluded from the passage that newspaper readers_Aapply reading techniques skillfully.Bjump from one newspaper to another.Cappreciate the variety of a newspa.per.Dusually read a newspaper selectively.39、A good newspaper offers a variety to readers because_Ait tries to serve different readers.Bit has to cover things that happen in a certain locality.Creaders are difficult to please.Dreaders like to read different newspapers.40、The best title for this passage would be”_”AThe Importance of Newspaper TopicalityBThe Characteristics of a Good NewspaperCThe Variety of a Good NewspaperDSome Suggestions on How to Read a Newspaper41、根据材料，完成41-46题。Quality Education A quality education is the ultimate liberator. It can free people from poverty, giving them the power to greatly improve their lives and take a productive place in society. It can also free communities and countries, allowing them to leap forward into periods of wealth and social unity that otherwise would not be possible. For this reason, the international community has committed itself to getting all the wodds children into primary school by 2015, a commitment known as Education for All. Can education for all be achieved by 20157 The answer is definitely yes, although it is a difficult task. If we now measure the goal in terms of children successfully completing a minimum of five years of primary school, instead of just enrolling for classes, which used to be the measuring stick for education, then the challenge becomes even more difficult. Only 32 countries were formerly believed to be at risk of not achieving education for all on the basis of enrollment rates. The number rises to 88 if completion rates are used as the criterion. Still, the goal is achievable with the right policies and the right support from the international community. 59 of the 88 countries at risk can reach universal primary completion by 2015 if they bring the efficiency and quality of their education systems into line with standards observed in higher-performing systems. They also need significant increases in external financing and technical support. The 29 countries lagging farthest behind will not reach the goal without unprecedented rates of progress. But this is attainable with creative solution, including use of information technologies, flexible and targeted foreign aid, and fewer people living in poverty. A key lesson of experience about what makes development effective is that a countrys capacity to use aid well depends heavily on its policies, institutions and management. Where a country score
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