2019版高考大一轮复习英语（人教版）名师课件：第二部分 基础语法 2九种成分(共15张PPT)

九 种 成 分 成分概念典型充当词类例句1主语句子要说明的人或事物名词、代词Tom /H e works hard.2谓语说明主语的动作或状态，即主语是什么、干什么动词My ambition is to become a scientist.I love you.3谓语动词的动作对象或动作的承受者；介词后名词、代词Mary told me a story.H e goes to school by bus every day. 成分概念典型充当词类例句4定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句形容词Jim /She told me an interesting story.I have something interesting to tell you. 成分概念典型充当词类例句5状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等副词H e can speak English fluently.(修饰动词)The suitcase is surprisingly light.(修饰形容词)I go jogging fairly regularly.(修饰另一副词)Surprisingly, he agreed straight away.(修饰全句) 成分概念典型充当词类例句6补语补充说明宾语或主语形容词Well make our school more beautiful.The room was empty.7表语位于系动词之后且与系动词一起构成谓语,表示主语的性质、状态和特征形容词H e is asleep.H er voice sounds sweet. The match became very exciting. 成分概念典型充当词类例句8同位语具有相同语法地位且描述同一人或事的两个名词或代词(词组)名词Mr Li, our English teacher, is kind to us.代词H elping others is a habit, one you can learn.从句We are glad at the news that he will come. 成分概念典型充当词类例句9插入语插入句中的独立语，不作句子的何种成分，用于补充说话者的态度、引起听话者的注意，或使前后衔接短 句That, I think, would be a great advantage. I cant attend your lecture, Im afraid.不定式To tell you the truth, I hate to do it. 成分概念典型充当词类例句9插入语插入句中的独立语，不作句子的何种成分，用于补充说话者的态度、引起听话者的注意，或使前后衔接分 词G enerally speaking, we enjoyed the trip.介 词短 语In short, we should stop halfway.形容词Worse still, we got lost in the dark.副 词I cant go. To begin with, its too cold. Besides, Ive no money. 由上表可以看出：句子成分与词性的关系，主要有：1. 作主语或宾语用名词或代词。2. 作谓语用动词。4. 作状语用副词(修饰动词、形容词、介词短语或全句)。3. 作定语(修饰名词)、表语、补语，用形容词以上四条是解答语法填空和短文改错的必备基础，请反复朗读表中例句，仔细体会这四条。 三点建议：1. 在学习和理解句子时，可以将take care of(照顾), have a discussion of(讨论), get some knowledge of(了解)等短语动词看作一个整体，相当于一个及物动词；将a wide variety of (多种多样的), all kinds of(各种各样的)等当作一个整体，相当于短语形容词，在名词前作定语。2. 我们在阅读中要善于抓住句子的主干，即主谓宾，先理解主干，再理解句子的次要成分，这是理解长难句的基础。 3. 划分句子的目的是为了理解或写出正确的句子，但如果你一看就知道句子的大意了，那就不必再去考究某个部分到底是作什么句子成分了，以免本末倒置；一旦某个或某些地道的英语句子背熟了，你只需仿照这些句子去说去写就行了，也不必考究，到底为什么是这样，某个部分是什么句子成分，使自己陷入学习的怪圈，也害苦自己。 请指出下列各句的句子成分，定语直接用( )括起来。1. We learned them at a young age. We (主语) learned (谓语) them (宾语) at a young age(状语). 2. I will help you read and understand the selected poems. I (主语) will help (谓语) you (宾语) read and understand the selected poems(宾补). 3. The museum is on the Yellow River Road.The museum (主语) is (系动词) on the Yellow River Road(表语). 4. We can meet at the bus stop outside the school gate at 9 am. We (主语) can meet (谓语) at the bus stop outside the school gate (地点状语) at 9 am (时 间状语). 5. The Chinese paper-cutting art exhibition offers us a wide variety of traditional and modern Chinese paper-cutting) works by famous local folk artists. (The Chinese paper-cutting art) exhibition (主语) offers (谓语) us (间接宾语) (a wide variety of traditional and modern Chinese paper-cutting)works (直接宾语) (by famous local folk artists). Thank you !