八年级下知识点

Unit5 Feeling ExcitedTopic 1 Im so happy 一、 重点词汇1、invite 邀请 2、smell 闻起来 3、disappointed 失望的4、seem 似乎 5、lonely 孤独的 6、taste 品尝7、cheep sb. up 使某人振作 8、mainly 主要的 9、role 角色10、frightened 害怕的 11、lively 活泼的 12、worried 担心的13、in the end 最后 14、interested 感到有趣的 15、upset 不安的二、重点短语1 How are you (doing )? 你好吗？Very well /Fine /OK ,thank you .2 You look so excited. 你看起来很兴奋。3 invite/ ask sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事 4 one of 其中之一(接形容词的最高级和名词的复数) The Sound of Music is one of the most popular American movies .5 prepare sth for sb= get sth ready for sb 为某人准备好某事6 say thanks / hello / sorry / goodbye to sb 向某人说声谢谢/ 你好/抱歉/再见 7 on ones way to +地点 在某人去什么的路上 on my way to school /ChongQing on my way home /here /there 8 What a shame / pity. 真遗憾。9 get the ticket to 买到。的票 10 not at all 一点也不11 They feel happy . How do they feel ? 12 taste delicious 尝起来美味 smell terrible 闻起来恶心 sound great 听起来好极了feel angry感到生气 look happy看起来高兴 be sad /active 难过/积极13 Do you know whats the matter with Mr. Brown ? 你知道布朗先生怎么了吗？14. .seem +形容词/名词 . seem to do .It seem that 15 Why not give the ticket to Mr. Brown ? = Why dont you give the ticket to Mr. Brown ?16 must be 一定是 cant be 不可能是 17 right now =right away = at once 立刻、马上18 be /feel sorry for 对什么感到难过19 Guess what ! 你猜20 How did you like it ?=What did you think of it ? 你认为他怎样？ 21 care for =look after = take care of 照顾、照看22 teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事 teach sb sth 教某人某物 23 at first 首先、起初at last = in the end = finally 最后，最终24 because of +名词 = because+句子 因为，由于 25 cheer up cheer sb up 使。兴奋起来26 make sb. +形容词 让某人怎样27 come into being 形成28. be with a history of 200 years = have a history of 200 years=have 200 years of history 有着两百年的历史29 be full of 充满，装满 30 make peace with sb 与某人和解 31 be an important part of Chinese culture 中国文化中重要的部分 32 be /become interested in 对什么感兴趣 三、重点语法1. Linking verb + adjective 系动词+形容词,构成系表结构.系动词：be (是)feel(感觉) keep(保持) seem（好像） （四个起来） look sound taste smell （四个变得） turn get become go 等等For example :The food tastes delicious.注意：（1）. 有些连系动词通常不用于被动语态和进行时态中。如:feel, taste等词。例如: -Do you like the material? -Yes, it feels very soft. （2）. 一般情况下,连系动词主要跟形容词作表语。例如: Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may get run over by a car. （3）. 能跟名词作表语的连系动词常见的有:be, become, appear, seem, prove, remain和turn等.注意:turn后跟(表示主语身份的)名词作表语时,不加冠词。例如: Twenty years later, he turned teacher. The population growth in China remains a problem. 在中国人口的增长任然是一个问题。（4）. 连系动词也可跟不定式(to do / to be),常见的有:appear, seem, remain, prove, look等。例如: It seems to rain .2. 动词-ing 和-ed形式作主语补语的区别动词-ing表示主语的特征，常用于事物动词-ed表示主语的状态，常用于人这类词有：interest move active disappoint excite surprise frighten bore等等For example：The game is interesting. I am interested in the game.3表示能力的词Could 表示过去的能力 Can表示现在的能力 be able to 表示过去，现在，将来任何时候的能力将来时态（shall will be able to ）Unit 5 Topic 2 一、重点短语1 seem to +do /be 似乎要做某事/ 似乎怎样 2 do badly in = be bad at 不擅长于某一方面 do well in = be good at 擅长什么3 be strict with sb in sth 在某方面对某人严格要求 4 She has no friends to talk with . =She doesnt have any friends to talk with . 她没有可以交谈的朋友。5. Thank you for telling me .感谢你告诉我。Thank you for doing sth 感谢某人做某事6. have a talk with sb about sth . 与某人谈论某事7. be worried about sb./sth. =worry about sb./sth. 担心某人/某事8. need to do sth 需要做某事9. take it easy 放轻松，别紧张10. try to do sth 尽力做某事 try doing sth 尝试做某事try on 试穿 try ones best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事 11. It doesnt matter . 没关系12. fail to do sth . ( pass 通过/succeed 成功 ) 失败做某事 13. I dont know how to talk with others about it .我不知道怎样与别人谈论它14. at ones age 在某人这一年龄的时候 15. make a friend with sb. /make friends with sb. 与某人交朋友16. tell a joke = tell jokes 讲笑话 play a joke on sb. 开某人的玩笑17. make / let / have sb do sth 让某人做某事 get / ask / tell sb to do sth. 18. be sure (that ) 确信。 be sure to do sth. 一定会做某事 be sure of doing sth .19.by the way 顺便问一下20. I find it difficult to learn English well . = I find ( that ) it is difficult to learn English well .21.as as 和。一样 not as / so as 不如。22. How time flies! = How quickly the time flies! 光阴似箭。23. be used to doing sth./sth. 习惯于做某事 used to do sth 过去常常做某事 24. accept 接受 receive 收到25. give my best wishes to your parents .把我最好的祝福送给你的父母。26. after all 毕竟 27. for example 例如= such as 28. all the time =always 一直 Sometimes = at times 有时29. deal with = do with 处理，对付 how to deal with it = what to do with 30. refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事 31. be angry with sb = be mad at sb 生某人的气 go mad 发疯32. even though / if 尽管 33. not any longer = no longer 不再 not any more / anymore = no more34. by oneself 靠自己 35. instead 代替 instead of 三、重点语法：1. 原因状语从句引导词：because since so 等，但是因为，所以不能同时出现For example：He is ill, so he isnt able to come. She is lonely because she has no friends to talk with. Since she is very strict with herself ,she is unhappy.2. always常用于一般现在时表示频繁发生的动作但与现在进行时态连用表是厌恶，责备，赞扬的语气 For example: She is always talking about money.3. cant 表示一种否定的推测You cant have SARS.( 非典) must 表示一种肯定的推测It must be sunny day tomorrow4. 英语语法as.as、soas、sothat和tooto的用法区别soas只用于否定句，asas不但可用于肯定句，还可用于否定句asas中的第一个as是副词,后接形容词或副词的原形;第二个as是连词,引导比较状语从句. 例如:Jack is as tall as you. 杰克和你一样高. Jim is not so/as brave as you. 吉姆不如你聪明.sothat 如此以至于(只能引导结果状语从句,的后面多接形容词、副词或分词,后接句子. 例如: The house was so crowded that I could hardly turned around. tooto 太以至于不能(too为副词,后接形容词或者副词,to为不定式的标志,这个不定式短语本身带有否定含义.) 例如: The box is too heavy for her to carry . Unit 5 Topic 3 一、重点短语1 Is there anything wrong ? 有事吗？2. have a test /exam 参加考试3.get me feel nervous 使我感到紧张的 4. give /make a speech /talk 做一个演讲5 take it easy. 别紧张 6. in public 公众场合9. be ill / sick 生病（表状态） fall ill ( 表动作)Sick 既作表语又作定语 ill 只能作表语 He is ill /sick . = He is a sick boy .( ) He is an ill boy .（）10.be confident about 对有信心11. be in a good / bad mood 愉悦/坏的心情 / in good spirits 良好的精神 = have a good /bad feeling 12. be proud of 为某人感到骄傲13. give a surprise to sb = give sb a surprise 给某人惊喜14. But he did it anyway . 但无论如何他做了。15.put on 穿上、上演16. the full moon 满月17.in the sky 在天上18.fill with = be filled with =be full of 充满 、装满19. It is always noisy and crowded with people 它总是很吵闹和挤满了人。 be crowded with 挤满20. I have trouble sleeping at night . 在夜晚，我有睡觉的困难。have trouble /problem/difficulty (in ) doing sth . 在做某事方面有困难21. Colors can affect my feelings and mood .颜色影响我的心情。Orange and yellow make me feel confident .橘红色和黄色使我感到自信。When we talk about the Wenchuan earthquake with friends ,sadness and worries always come to me .当我们谈到汶川地震的时候，我感到难过和担心。22. stay in good spirit 保持好的心情23.Many things around us may affect our feelings and moods .24. It is very important for us to be in a good mood .对我们来说有好心情是很重要的。25. If we are in a good spirits ,we can study or work better .26. keep silent 保持沉默27.Think it over before making an important decision .做决定之前，一定要仔细思考 think over仔细思考 think about考虑 think of 想起、记起 make an important decision 做一个重要的决定 decide to do sth 决定做某事28. smile at life 笑对人生29. get /come /be back 回来30. a sense of happiness 高兴的感觉31. in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院 32. get together with sb与某人相聚在一起33. get along / on with sb 与某人相处的融洽二、重点语法1. 使役动词make let have 的用法make +宾语(省约to 的不定式)动词/名词We make him team leader./形容词It makes me happy.Let+宾语(省约to 的不定式)动词.Have+宾语+(省约to 的不定式)动词The teacher made(had ) John get his book in the office.Father let me watch TV tomorrow afternoon.2. few / a few /little/a little的用法和区别. (a) few与 (a) little的区别 从所修饰的名词来看：(a) few后接可数名词，且要用复数形式；(a) little后接不可数名词。如：We had little time to do it. 我们没什么时间做此事。Theres only a little soup left. 只剩下一点儿汤了。He has few friends. 他朋友很少。Ill only be away a few minutes. 我只离开几分钟。从所表示的意思来看：上面提到，两者均可表示数量，其主要区别是，(a) few后接可数名词，(a) little后接不可数名词。但是，(a) little还可表示大小。如：Please accept this little gift请接受这件小小的礼物。There are several little towns along the river. 沿河有几个小镇。注意体会下面两句，前面的little表示形状或个子“小”，后面的little表示数量“少”：The little boy is very busy. He has little time to play. Its a little animal. It eats only a little food. 从各自的词性来看：在词性方面，两者的共同点是，均可用作形容词或代词；其不同点是，(a) little 还可用作副词，用以修饰形容词、副词、动词以及介词短语。如：He is a little tired. 他有点累了。They are a little bit better now. 现在他们稍好一点了。You should walk a little faster. 你应该走快一点。She was only a little over fifty years old她才五十多一点。有 a 与没有 a 的区别不带 a 的little和few 含有否定意义，表示数量很少或几乎没有，强调“少”；带有a 的little和few含有肯定意义，表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有，强调“有”。比较：Few people like such things. 没什么人喜欢那样的东西。A few people like such things. 有少数人喜欢那样的东西。He knows little English. 他几乎不懂英语。He knows a little English. 他懂一点点英语。注意，当few前不带 a，但带有the, some these, those等修饰语时，也表示肯定意义。如：Some few have already left. 有几个已经离开了。The last few winters have been very cold过去几个冬天都很冷。The first few chapters are about his early days前几章谈他的少年时期。思维拓展注意两者比较级和最高级的用法及区别：little的比较级和最高级分别为less和least，few的比较级和最高级分别为fewer和fewest。如：Boys think less about dress than girls do. 男孩子不像女孩子那样爱打扮。He has the least money of all of us. 他是我们大家中钱最少的。Fewer radios were sold this year than last. 今年卖掉的收音机比去年少。He tried to finish the work with least money and fewest people.。Unit 6 Enjoy CyclingTopic 1 I have some exciting news to tell you .一、 重点词汇1、field 田地， 2、trip 旅游（名词）， 3、vehicle 车辆，交通工具 4、airline 航空公司， 5、raise 筹集， 6、discuss 讨论，7、book 预定， 8、railway 铁路， 9、cinema 电影院，10、condition 条件 ， 11、comfortable 舒适的， 12、standard 标准的，13、draw 抽奖，画， 14、land 着陆，土地二、重点短语：1. go on继续 go on a spring field trip去春游go on a visit / trip to =have a visit /trip to 去旅游2 .decide on 致力于 decide to do sth 决定做某事 make a decision 决定3 .My pleasure. = Its a / my pleasure. 我很乐意4. Have a good trip. 玩得愉快 Have a good / wonderful time. 5 It will take us a few days to get there by bike .它将花费你好几天的时间骑车到达哪儿。 How long will it take us to get there by bike ?6.Lets find out some information about the cost .让我们找出有关费用的信息。 find out 找出 find 找到 look for 寻找 7.too to 太而不能 = so/ such that = enough to do sth .8. .spend ( spent /spent )可以表示 “花费（时间、金钱）”，人作主语。 spend on sth. 在上花费（时间、金钱）spend （in）doing sth. 花费（时间、金钱）做。 .pay ( paid /paid ) 支付，花费 。 人作主语。 pay for 付、的钱 pay 钱for 物 = buy 物 for 钱 . cost ( cost /cost ) 支付，花钱 。物作主语。 cost sb. some +钱 . take ( took /taken ) 花时间，物作主语。It takes /took sb. some time to do sth . 花某人多少时间做某事9. book / order sth for sb 为某人预定、 book some tickets to Mount Tai 预定去泰山的票 10.arrive at /in = get to =reach 到达11.May I have your name and telephone number, please ?我可以有你的名字和电话号码吗？12.hard sleeper 硬卧 soft sleeper 软卧13.How much does a standard room cost ? 标准间要花费多少钱？14. raise money 筹集钱 make / earn money 赚钱 save money节省钱15. plan to do sth 计划做某事16. work out 解决 work it / them out 17. the cost of 、的花费 the price of 、的价格18. look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事19. hear from sb.= get / receive a letter from sb. 收到、来信 20. in the day / daytime 在白天 at night 在晚上 in the evening 在晚上21. place of interest 有趣的地方Unit 6 Topic 2一、重点词汇 1、 receive 收到， 2、perfect 完美地， 3、camp 野营，4、face 面对，脸； 5、north 北方， 6、space 空间， 7、push 推， 8、direction 方向， 9、step 步，阶段；10、 rush 冲， 11、notice 注意， 12、huge 巨大的， 二、重点短语1 speak to 对某人说话2 be busy doing sth = be busy with sth. 忙着做某事 busy -free = have time be free 有空3 ride ones bicycle to = cycle to = go to by bike = ride to 骑自行车去4 would like sb to do sth = want sb to do sth 想要做某事 5. be on vacation /holiday 度假6.Whileyou were enjoying your trip to Mount Tai ,I was busy preparing for my exams .7. Would you like to come to China for your vacations ?8. make a plan to 制作一个计划9. come along with sb 跟着某人10. have no time to do sth. 没有时间做某事11.in the center/ north / south /east /west of 在的中心/北方/南方/东方/西方12.It can hold one million people . 它能容纳一百万人。13.The square must be quite meaningful to all Chinese people .天安门广场对于中国人民一定相当的有意义。14.some other great buildings 其他的建筑物15. cant wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事 cant help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事16. How far is it from here to Tian anmen Square ? 从这儿到天安门广场有多远？17.one and a half hours = one hour and a half 一个半小时 18. in the of 在、里 （包含） on the of 在、边上 （相邻） to the of 相隔 （不相邻）19. in different /all directions 在所有方向 = in every direction 20. raise ( raised /raised ) 升起 raise ones head /hand 举起头/手 rise ( rose / risen ) The sun rises in the east.太阳升起在东方。 21. be surprised at sth 对某事吃惊 be surprised to do sth 惊讶做某事 to ones surprise 让某人吃惊22.step on ones feet 踩某人的脚23. not until /before 直到才24.as soon as 一就 25.The crow of people became larger and larger .人群变得愈来愈大。26. make sure be sure 确定 27. each other = one another 每一个 28. be famous for 因、而出名 be famous as 作为、出名29. thank goodness 谢天谢地 30. have fun doing sth 做某事很有趣； have fun = enjoy oneself = have a good time Unit 6 Topic 3一、重点词汇1 be popular with 2 get / be used to doing sth 3 be afraid of doing sth = be afraid to do sth 4 obey / follow the traffic rules 准守交通规章 break the traffic rules 违背交通规章5 If people obey the traffic rules ,there will be fewer accidents . If we break the traffic rules, we may get a fine and even be in danger . 6 Its easy to park bikes.7 come out to have a look 出来看一看8.The young man on the bicycle was very careless .9. make a wrong turn 10.pay attention to sth./ doing sth. 注意做某事11.People use bicycles for work ,for sport or for fun .12. in the front 在前面 on the back of 在后面 13.incase of 假使 如果 14. first aid 急救15. In a word ,the best way to be safe is to be careful . in a word 一句话16.Look out and always be careful .17. empty into 注入18.go through 穿过19. slow down 减速20. The roads are very difficult to ride on.21.much safer than other vehicles 比其他的交通工具更安全22.meters away 几米之外23.a sharp turn to the left 向左的急弯24. keep from hitting the truck 避免撞上卡车25.run into 撞上二、重点短语1. How are you doing ?你过的好吗？主要用于见面打招呼。How are you ?你好吗？ Hello/Hi !喂！ /你好！ How do you do ?你好！2. You look so excited . 你看起来很兴奋。这个句子是连系动词（look）+ 形容词（excited）的结构。这种结构我们通常称为“系表结构”，即连系动词用于连接主语和表语的性质、状态或身份等。.表示状态的连系动词有：Be 是 ，look 看起来， sound 听起来， taste 尝，品尝， smell 闻起来， feel 感觉，摸起来，seem 似乎， lie 处于状态, keep 保持, stay 仍然等.如: - How are you ? 你好吗？ - Im fine . 我很好。 She felt a bit tired . 她感到有点累。 You are not looking very well . 你气色不到好。 He seemed quite normal . 他看上去很正常。 Jennie, alone, kept silent. 只有珍妮保持沉默。.表示状态变化的连系动词有： Get 变得， turn 转变， go 变， fall 变成， become 变成， grow 渐渐变得。如：When she saw this ,she turned red . 看到这她脸红了。The weather is getting quite warm . 天气变得非常暖和。After a game they often become very friendly to each other . The sea is growing calm . 大海变得平静起来。3. Oh ,it is one of my favorite movies . 它是我最喜欢的电影之一。 .one of 意为“中的一些”。后面常跟名词的复数形式或是表示复数的名词。其谓语动词用单数。如：Jim is one of the lively boys in our class . One of them is from England . 他们中有一个人来自英格兰。Some of 意为“ 中的一些”。其谓语动词单复数由of 后面的宾语确定。Some of us are Young Pioneers . 我们中有些是少先队员。Some of food goes bad . 一些食物变质了。 .favorite adj. 意为“最喜欢的”。如：Who is your favorite writer ?谁是你最喜欢的作家？favorite 相当于 like best .上句可以改成：Which writer do you like best ? Favorite 可以作名词，表示“最喜欢的人（或事物）”。如：These cakes are great favorites with the children . 孩子们最喜欢这种蛋糕。Unit 8 Our ClothesTopic 1 We will have a class fashion show .1. I like it so much that my father bought it for me .我太喜欢了以至于我的父亲为我买了它。 My old coats are so short that I want to buy some new ones .我的外衣太短了以至于我想买新的I want to buy a windbreaker so that I will look great . 我想买一件风衣以便我看起来更帅。so /such 1）so / such that 如此以至于.引导的是结果状语从句.so +形容词+ a/an +名词 = such +a/an+形容词+名词。 2）so that 以至于 ，目的是，为了 = in order to =so as to = in order that 2. have a class fashion show 举行班级的服饰演出。3. Shall we meet at the school gate at 8:oo a.m.?4. would like 作为一个固定结构后接名词/代词/不定式作宾语，也可以用不定式作宾补，表示想要的意思。 1）would like sth. 想要某物；I would like some rice and pork 。我想要一些米饭和猪肉。 2）would like to do sth. = want to do sth .想要做某事。 would please do sth. would mind doing sth. 3）would like sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事。5. Excuse me ,could you tell me where to buy a scarf ? Excuse me ,could you tell me where I can buy a scarf ?6. mens wear section 男装区 womens wear section 女装区sports wear section 运动装区 shoes and hats section 鞋帽区7. What size do you take ? 你要多大的尺寸？ Size M . 中号8. on the first /second floor 在第一/二 层9. Congratulations .祝贺。10. Its important for you to help people choose suitable clothing .帮助人们选择合适的衣服对你来说是很重要的。11. I know (that) you will be very good at this work .and I hope your business does well .我知道你将擅长这项工作，我希望生意兴隆。12. be 为助动词，made 是及物动词make 的过去分词，of 后接宾语，be made of 的主语通常为成品。The table is made of wood 。这桌子是由木头制成的。（可以看出原材料）be made from 后的原材料则看不出，Paper is made from wood 。纸是由木材制成的。（看不出原材料）13.afford 常接在can ，could ，be able to 之后，意为担负的起；抽的出（时间）。afford 还有提供，给予，出产的意思。 afford to do sth. 担负的起做某事14.on sale 上市；折价出售，减价出售。 for sale 待售，供出售。15.though 是从属连词，引导让步状语从句，和连词but 不能连用，但翻译时需译为但是。如：Though he is only a one-year-old boy ,he knows a lot . 16.（1）.like 是名词，意为喜好，爱好，反义词为dislike We all have different likes and dislikes .我们各有不同的好恶。 （2）depend on 意为依靠，依赖，随而定，取决于。 depend on sb./sth. 。依靠某人，信赖某人某事 depend on sb.to do sth./doing sth.。指望某人做某事。 depend on = depend upon 17. protect sb. /sth. from sth. 保护使免于18. But nowadays , clothes do more than just keep us warm 。现在，衣服不仅仅是让我们保持温暖。more than +adj. ，不只是；比.更多。keep sb. /sth. +adj. 保持某人或某事怎么样 Please keep the windows open 。请让窗户开着 keep sb. /sth. doing sth. 让某人持续做某事；让某事持续进行。 Ill try not to keep you waiting 。我会尽量不让你就等。keep （on）doing sth. 继续或重复做某事。 I keep forgetting to mail this letter 。我老是忘记寄出这封信。19. all /different kinds of 各种各样20. As the saying goes :“You are what you wear .”正如谚语所说“以如其人。”Topic 2 We can design our own uniforms .1.Can you tell me what Miss Wang says ? She says that our school plans to make uniforms for us . make sth.制作某物。make 与do 的区别：两者都有“做”的意思。make 表示做出以前并不存在的事物如：paper is made from wood 。纸是由木材做成的。而do 是强调动作。如: What are you doing ?你在做什么？2. I like to wear my own clothes because school uniforms will look ugly on us .我想穿我们自己的服饰，因为校服将让我们看起来更丑陋。put on 表示穿（戴）上的动作，wear 后接衣、袜、鞋、帽或手表、眼镜、饰物等；be in 接服装、材料、颜色等；in 还可作定语；dress sb /oneself 给别人/自己穿衣服； 3. depend on 依靠4.You can design your own uniforms ,and youll be glad to wear them .你能设计自己的服饰，你会很高兴的穿上它们。5. show sth. 展示某物。show sb. sth.= show sth. to sb. 把指给.看，出示。6. stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止做某事，= keep/prevent sb. from doing sth.7. Can you tell me what I should wear here ? Could you tell me where the special shoes are ?8. This way ,please . 这边有请。9. take off 脱下，脱掉，起飞 put on 穿上 / land 降落Your socks are very dirty ，please take them off 。你的袜子很脏，请脱下来。The plane will take off in an hour。飞机将在一个小时后起飞。10.Its important to wear suitable clothes on every o