外文翻译提升机概论

提升机概论近三十年来，国外提升机机械部分都得到了飞速的发展。起初的提升机是电动机通过减速器传动卷筒的系统，后来出现了直流慢速电动机和直流电动机悬臂安装直接传动的提升机。1981年第一台用同步机悬臂传动的提升机在德国Monopol矿问世，1988年由MAVGHH和西门子合作制造的机电一体的提升机(习惯称为内装电机式)在德国Romberg矿诞生了，这是世界上第一台机械和电气融合成一体的同步电机传动提升机。在提升机机械和电气传动技术飞速发展的同时，电子技术和计算机技术的发展，使提升机的电气控制系统更是日新月异。早在上世纪七十年代，国外就将可编程控制器(PLC)应用于提升机控制。上世纪八十年代初，计算机又被用于提升机的监视和管理。计算机和PLC的应用，使提升机自动化水平、安全、可靠性都达到了一个新的高度，并提供了新的、现代化的管理、监视手段。特别要强调的是，此时期在国外一著名的提升机制造公司，如西门子、ABB、ALSTHOM都利用新的技术和装备，开发或完善了提升机的安全保护和监控装置，使安全保护性能又有了新的提高。就在国外科学技术突飞猛进发展的时候，我国提升机电控系统很长时间都处于落后的状况。直到目前为止，我国正在服务的矿井提升机电控系统大多数还是转子回路串金属电阻的交流调速系统，设备陈旧、技术落后。国产提升机安全性、可靠性差，在关键部位上下两井口减速区段没有配套的有效的速度监视装置，就提升机控制技术而言，依然是陈旧的，和国外相比，我们存在很大的差距。矿井提升系统的类型很多，按被提升对象分:主井提升、副井提升;按井筒的提升道角度分:竖井(如图1.1所示为竖井井架设备)和斜井;按提升容器分:箕斗提升、笼提升、矿车提升;按提升类型分:单绳缠绕式和多绳摩擦式等。我国常用的矿用提升机主要是单绳缠绕式和多绳摩擦式。我国的矿井与世界上矿业较发达的国家相比，开采的井型较小、矿井提升高度较浅，煤矿用提升机较多，其他矿(如金属矿、非金属矿)则较少。因此在20世纪60年代开始单绳缠绕式矿井提升机采用较多。矿井提升机按不同的分类标准有不同的分类 (1)按钢丝绳在卷筒上的连接形式分为缠绕式提升机、摩擦式提升机多轮的、单轮的(落地式,塔式) (2)按井上或井下使用分为地面式提升机、井下式提升机电气防爆式、液压传动式、其他传动 (3)按卷筒结构形式分为绞轮、圆锥形、圆柱圆锥形、圆柱形圆柱卷筒型、可分离圆柱卷筒型 (4)按电气传动形式分为交流式、直流式 (5)按传动形式分为电传动、液压传动 (6)按提升绳的多少分为单绳式、多绳式 (7)按卷筒数分为单筒式、多筒式按卷筒的数目，分为双卷筒和单卷筒。 双卷筒提升机：它的两个卷筒在与轴的连接方式上有所不同：其中一个卷筒通过楔键或热装与主轴固接在一起，称为固定卷筒，又称为死卷筒；另一个卷筒滑装在主轴上，通过离合器与主轴连接，故称之为游动卷筒，又称为活卷筒。采用这种结构的目的是考虑到在矿井生产过程中提升钢丝绳在终端载荷作用下产生弹性伸长，或在多水平提升中提升水平的转换，需要两个卷筒之间能够相对转动，以调节绳长，使得两个容器分别对准井口和井底水平。 单卷筒提升机： 只有一个卷筒，一般仅用作单钩提升。国产单绳缠绕式提升机有JT和JK两个系列：JT系列提升机卷筒直径为8001600mm,主要用于井下运输提升工作；JK系列提升机卷筒直径为25m，主要用于地面井口提升工作。提升机都由若干部分组成：主轴、缠绕机构、轴承和主制动器。这些便是基本部分。缠绕机构有好几种，最常用的结构是单圆柱形滚筒及双圆柱形滚筒。对于单圆柱形滚筒，两根钢丝绳功用一个滚筒缠绕面；第一根钢丝绳自滚筒松开而相应地漏出的滚筒面由另一根钢丝绳缠上。对于双圆柱形滚筒，没根钢丝绳都缠绕在特有的滚筒上，即在任何时刻钢丝绳都只是缠在两支滚筒总缠绕面的一半上。在这种情形下，一个滚筒结实地固定在主轴上，另一个则活套在主轴上，借助于离合器与主轴相连，以便在必须时可使二滚筒作相对转动。滚筒相对转动的可能行使得提升设备的操作变得容易，因为可以容易地调节由于钢丝绳弹性变形而逐渐伸长的长度。此外，还可以补偿由于对钢丝绳做周期性的试验而截下的长度。依次，在每个滚筒的表面除了等于提升高度的钢丝绳长度外尚需附加30米长的钢丝绳，这样才有可能当滚筒作相对转动以使一根钢丝绳的铅垂长度增加时并不使另一根钢丝绳缩短。当有双滚筒提升机时还可能更换操作水平。当上容器停在井口车场时而下容器移至新的位置。这在一个提升水平但有个承受台时也是需要的，例如翻转式罐笼当提升重物及提人时容器的终端位置是不同的。当用单滚筒或滚筒的离合器不作用时，除原定水平外，如要服务于另一水平或承受台则仅能用一个提升容器；第二个容器不过起着平衡锤的作用，此时，提升生产率骤然减少一半。提升机的第二个重要部分为把电动机的转动传到安置有缠绕机构的主轴上的减速器。减速器结构因其类型、用途不同而异。但无论何种类型的减速器，其基本结构都是由轴系部件、箱体及附件三大部分组成。轴系部件包括传动件、轴和轴承组合，轴承组合包括轴承、轴承盖、密封装置以及调整垫片等。减速器箱体上用以支持和固定轴系零件，保证传动件的啮合精度、良好润滑及密封的重要零件。箱体质量约占减速器总质量的50/%。因此，在箱体结构对减速器的工作性能、加工工艺、材料消耗、质量及成本等有很大影响，设计时必须全面考虑。为了使减速器具备较完善的性能，如注油、排油、通气、吊运、检查油面高度、检查传动件啮合情况、保证加工精度和装拆方便等，在减速器箱体上常需设置某些装置或零件，将这些装置和零件及箱体上相应的局部结构统称为减速器附属装置或简称为附件。它们包括：视孔与视孔盖、通气器、游标、放游螺塞、定位销、启盖螺钉、吊运装置、油杯等。制动器为提升机设备第三个重要部分。制动器直接作用于制动轮或制动盘上产生制动力矩的部分按结构分为盘式和块式闸等；第四部分是传动机构，是控制并调节制动力矩的部分。按传动能源分为油压、压气或弹簧等；第五部分为深度指示器及与其相连的控制保护装置，其用途为给司机指出提升容器在井筒中的位置；第六部分为操作台，电动机及制动器的操纵手把均匀集中在这里，有时也有离合器操纵手把；提升机最后一部分为油压及压气设备前者为每一机器所必备的；并且在油压制动传动时，它需作为机器润滑，同时也作为制动装置。当用压气制动时，油压设备所起的作用仅限于机器的润滑，而此时需要附加压气设备，而在油压制动时却不需要附加压气设备。矿井提升机是联系矿井井下和地面的工作机械。用钢丝绳带动容器在井筒中升降，完成运输任务。按工作方式分类如下： （1） 缠绕式提升机： 缠绕式提升机的主要部件有主轴、卷筒、主轴承、调绳离合器、减速器、深度指示器和制动器等（图2）。双卷筒提升机的卷筒与主轴固接者称固定卷筒，经调绳离合器与主轴相连者称活动卷筒。中国制造的卷筒直径为 25m。随着矿井深度和产量的加大，钢丝绳的长度和直径相应增加。因而卷筒的直径和宽度也要增大，故不适用于深井提升。 1. 单绳缠绕式提升机 它是较早出现的一种，它工作可靠，结构简单，但仅适用于浅井及中等深度的矿井，且终端载荷不能太大。对于深井且终端载荷较大时，提升钢丝绳和提升机卷筒的直径很大，从而造成体积庞大，重力猛增，使得提升钢丝绳和提升机在制造、运输和使用上都有诸多不便。因此在一定程度上限制了单绳缠绕式提升机在深井条件下的使用。根据卷筒数目可分为单卷筒和双卷筒两种：单卷筒提升机，一般作单钩提升。钢丝绳的一端固定在卷筒上，另一端绕过天轮与提升容器相连；卷筒转动时，钢丝绳向卷筒上缠绕或放出，带动提升容器升降。双卷筒提升机，作双钩提升（图1）。两根钢丝绳各固定在一个卷筒上,分别从卷筒上、下方引出,卷筒转动时，一个提升容器上升，另一个容器下降。缠绕式提升机按卷筒的外形又分为等直径提升机和变直径提升机两种。等直径卷筒的结构简单，制造容易，价格低，得到普遍应用。深井提升时，由于两侧钢丝绳长度变化大，力矩很不平衡。早期采用变直径提升机（圆柱圆锥形卷筒），现多采用尾绳平衡。2. 多绳缠绕式提升机(布雷尔式提升机) 提升机在超深井运行中，尾绳悬垂长度变化大，提升钢丝绳承受很大交变应力，影响钢丝绳寿命；尾绳在井筒中还易扭转，妨碍工作。20世纪 50年代末，英国人布雷尔（Blair）设计了一台直径3.2m双绳多层缠绕式提升机(又称布雷尔式提升机)，提升高度15802349m，一次提升量1020t。 多绳缠绕式提升机工作原理与单绳缠绕式相同，不同的是几根提升钢丝绳同时缠绕在一个分段的卷筒上，它属于多绳多层缠绕式，主要用于深井和超深井中，其工作原理如图所示。 （二）摩擦式提升机1938年，瑞典的ASEA公司在拉维尔（Laver）矿安装了一台直径1.96m双绳摩擦式提升机。1947年德国G.H.H.公司在汉诺威（Hannover）矿安装了一台四绳摩擦式提升机。多绳摩擦式提升机具有安全性高、钢丝绳直径细、主导轮直径小、设备重量轻、耗电少、价格便宜等优点，发展很快。除用于深立井提升外，还可用于浅立井和斜井提升。钢丝绳搭放在提升机的主导轮（摩擦轮）上，两端悬挂提升容器或一端挂平衡重(锤)。运转时，借主导轮的摩擦衬垫与钢丝绳间的摩擦力,带动钢丝绳完成容器的升降。钢丝绳一般为210根。 多绳摩擦式提升机的主要部件有主轴、主导轮、主轴承、车槽装置、减速器、 深度指示器、制动装置及导向轮等（图5）。主导轮表面装有带绳槽的摩擦衬垫。衬垫应具有较高的摩擦系数和耐磨、耐压性能,其材质的优劣直接影响提升机的生产能力、工作安全性及应用范围。目前使用较多的衬垫材料有聚氯乙烯或聚氨基甲酸乙酯橡胶等。由于钢丝绳与主导轮衬垫间不可避免的蠕动和滑动，停车时深度指示器偏离零位，故应设自动调零装置，在每次停车期间使指针自动指向零位。车槽装置用于车削绳槽，保持直径一致，有利于每根钢丝绳张力均匀。为了减少震动，可采用弹簧机座减速器。 1.井塔式提升机 机房设在井塔顶层，与井塔合成一体，节省场地；钢丝绳不暴露在露天，不受雨雪的侵蚀，但井塔的重量大，基建时间长，造价高，并不宜用于地震区（图3）。 2.落地式提升机 机房直接设在地面上，井架低，投资小，抗震性能好；缺点是钢丝绳暴露在露天，弯曲次数多,影响钢丝绳的工作条件及使用寿命。总之，不同的提升机用于不同的场合，根据环境，产量，设备的配套，进行选择。这样，合理的选择才能更好的为矿业服务。提升机和提升绞车被广泛应用于矿山企业中升降人员和物料，而双滚筒提升机和提升绞车要求有一调绳装置，在需要调节提升钢丝绳的长度时，能使活动滚筒与主轴分离，主轴转动时，与固定滚筒产生相对运动。在正常提升时，能够使活动卷筒与主轴连成一体，可靠的传递动力。提升机和提升绞车对调绳离合器的基本要求是：接合平稳、分离彻底、动作准确、结构简单、操纵省力、重量轻、强度大、寿命长、调绳精度高。1、常见离合器的形式及特点提升机和提升绞车离合器的类型很多，按结构不同分类，常见的型式有：支轮连接式、蜗轮蜗杆式、齿轮式等。应用较多的是齿轮式，齿轮式又分轴向和径向齿轮离合器。按操纵方式分，有手动、电动、液动等形式。支轮连接式支轮连接式:绞车的活动卷筒3与固定卷筒1用螺栓2将其内侧相邻的支轮连接起来，一同旋转。调绳时，固定活动卷筒，卸下两滚筒间的连接螺栓，开动绞车，即可调节绳长。此结构没有增加任何机构，最大优点就是结构简单，但调绳时操作复杂，劳动强度大。该调绳方式在JTK型提升绞车上使用较多。蜗轮蜗杆离合器在、KJ型等老式提升机上使用较多，如图2。转动传动螺杆1，使连接在活卷筒轮辐上的蜗杆2与固定在主轴上的蜗轮3啮合，活卷筒便与主轴连接。反之，蜗杆与蜗轮分离时，活卷筒与主轴脱开。这种离合器主要缺点是调整费时费力，由于离合器结构不对称，造成主轴装置旋转时产生不平衡力矩。 蜗轮蜗杆式:上世纪80年代生产的JK型提升机上使用轴向齿轮离合器较多。如图3，油缸3固定在支轮2上，内齿轮5与活动卷筒连成一体，齿轮4在油缸的作用下可沿主轴的轴线移动。该离合器的优点是结构紧凑、轴向尺寸小。存在的主要问题是油缸渗漏油液后,污染制动盘,降低摩擦系数，使制动力减小,对安全生产有很大的影响。 径向齿轮式:径向齿块式调绳离合器对齿方便，调绳时间短，离合效率高，是目前矿井提升机上较为先进的离合器结构。2如图4。内齿圈1与活动卷筒的腹板连成一体，固定在轴承座上的油缸拉动移动轮毂3沿主轴滑动，带动连杆5使齿块体2沿固定毂4的滑槽上下滑动，与内齿圈分离或啮合，如图4中a、b位置，达到切断或传递动力的作用。由于将油缸移到卷筒外面，即使油缸漏油也不会甩到制动盘上,提高了提升工作的安全性。多齿块径向手动离合器:径向齿轮离合器目前广泛使用，但由于结构复杂,加大了轴向长度，增加了设备的重量,设备本身的成本较高。结合径向齿轮离合器的特点，我们设计了一种把原内齿圈做成内齿块，原齿块和固定毂合为一个外齿轮毂，为主要结构的新型多齿块径向手动离合器。该离合器主要由：外齿轮毂1、内齿块2、拉杆机构3等组成。内齿块两端的滑槽6与活动滚筒的腹板4连成一体，外齿轮毂与主轴采用H7/u6的大过盈配合连接。活动滚筒支轮5与主轴采用H8/f7的间隙配合。其工作过程为：正常提升时，内齿块与外齿轮毂啮合。如图中a位置。动力从主轴传递到外齿轮毂，再到内齿块上，通过两侧滑槽传递到活动滚筒上。主轴带动滚筒一起转动，完成提升或下放任务。调节绳长时，固定活动滚筒后，转动内齿块上方的螺杆，拉动内齿块沿滑槽移动，与外齿轮毂脱开，如图中b位置。依次把几个内齿块都脱离外齿轮毂后，主轴就与活动滚筒脱离开来，即可进行调绳操作。 因此，最后一个方案最好，简单方便，节省材料，被广泛使用。 Introduction of lifting machineCome nearly thirty years, foreign elevator machinery parts has been rapid development. The first hoist is the motor through reducer drive reel system, and later appeared in DC speed motor and DC motor for direct drive hoist cantilever installation. In 1981 the first synchronous machine for the cantilever drive hoist in Germany Monopol mine comes out,1988 by MAVGHH and Siemens cooperative manufacturing integrated mechanical and electrical hoist ( used to call for the built-in motor type ) in Germany Romberg mine was born, it was the worlds first mechanical and electrical fused into one of the synchronous motor drive hoist. In the elevator mechanical and electrical drive technology rapid development, electronic technology and computer technology, to make the hoist electrical control system is change rapidly. Early in the last century seventy time, abroad the programmable controller ( PLC ) is applied to elevator control. In the early eighty century, the computer was used to hoist the surveillance and management. The application of the computer and PLC, hoist automation level, safety, reliability has reached a new height, and provides a new, modern management, monitoring means. In particular to emphasize is, this time in foreign famous hoist manufacturing companies such as ABB, ALSTHOM, Siemens, using new technology and equipment, development or perfection of the hoist safety protection and monitoring device, so that the safety protection .Make a spurt of progress in foreign science and technology development, our country hoister electric control system for a long time in the backward situation. Until now, our country is service of electric control system of mine hoist rotor loop in series most or metal resistance of AC speed regulation system, obsolete equipment, backward technology. Domestic hoisting machine safety, reliability, in key positions - two head deceleration section without supporting effective speed monitoring device, on the elevator control technology, are still the old, compared with foreign countries, we put in very big difference.Mine hoist system of many types of objects, according to the promotion: hoisting, hoisting shaft; according to ascending tract perspective: shaft ( as shown in Figure 1.1for vertical shaft equipment ) and inclined shaft lifting container; press: skip hoisting, lifting, car lifting cage; according to lifting type : single rope winding and multi rope friction type. Widely used in China mine hoist is mainly single rope winding and multi rope friction type. Chinas mine and the world mining industry more developed countries, mining, mine hoisting height of well-type small shallow, mine hoist is more, other minerals ( such as metal minerals, non-metallic minerals ) is less. In the nineteen sixties started single rope winding hoist used.Mine lifting machine according to the different classification criteria have different classification(1) according to the steel wire rope on the drum connection form for winding hoist machine, friction hoist more round, a single round of ( born type, tower ) (2) as well as the ground or underground with hoist, mine hoist electrical explosion-proof type, hydraulic type, other transmission (3) according to the drum structure is divided into the sheave, conical, cylindrical conical, cylindrical cylindrical drum, separable cylindrical drum type(4) according to the electric drive into the form of AC, DC type(5) according to the transmission form into electric transmission, hydraulic transmission(6) according to the lifting ropes can be divided into single rope type, multi rope type(7) according to the drum is divided into single cylinder type, type according to the drum number, divided into pairs of drum and drum.Double drum hoist: its two reel in and shaft connection way is different: one of the reel through the wedge bonding or hot charging and the spindle are fixedly connected together, called the fixed drum, also known as the die roll; another reel sliding arranged on the main shaft, the clutch is connected with a main shaft, it is called a floating drum, also known as the live reel. By adopting this structure was designed in view of the mine production in the process of hoisting wire rope in the terminal load under the action of elastic elongation, or in multiple levels of ascension to elevate the level of conversion, need two reel to rotate relatively, to adjust the rope length, such that the two containers respectively aimed at the wellhead and downhole level.Single drum winder: only one reel, generally only used as a single hook hoist. Single rope winding hoist having JT and JK two series: JT series hoist drum diameter of 800 1600mm, mainly used for underground transportation upgrade work; JK series hoist drum diameter of 2 5m, mainly used for ground wellhead lifting work.Lifting machine consists of several components: spindle, winding mechanism, bearing and the main brake. These are the basic part. There are several winding mechanism, the most commonly used structure is a single cylindrical roller and a pair of cylindrical roller. For a single cylindrical roller, two steel ropes function a platen winding surface; the first rope from the drum and the drum and release corresponding surface by another wire wrap. For a cylindrical drum, no rope around the unique drum, that in any moment of steel wire rope is wrapped around the two roller assembly on the half winding. In this case, a cylinder firmly fixed on the main shaft, another live set on the main shaft, with the help of the clutch is linked to the spindle, in order to have can make the two roller to rotate correspondingly. Drum rotation may exercise to promote equipment easy, because they can easily adjust the rope elastic deformation and the gradual extension length. In addition, can also be compensated due to wire rope periodic test and cut lengths. In turn, each roller surface in addition to equal to the lifting height of the length of the rope is the need for additional30 meters long steel wire rope, it is possible to make relative rotation so that when the cylinder of a steel rope vertical length increase does not make the other wire rope shortening. When there is a double drum hoist may also replace the operation level. When the container yard and container parked at wellhead under moved to a new location. This in an ascending levels but have a bearing platform is needed, such as flip cage when lifting heavy objects and one container terminal location is different. When using a single roller or roller clutch is not active, in addition to original level, to serve a level or under the stage can only use a lifting container; second containers but plays the effect of balance hammer, at this time, improve productivity, suddenly cut in half.Hoist second important parts for the rotation of the motor to the placement of a winding mechanism on a main shaft of the reducer. Speed reducer structure because of its type, use different. But no matter what type of reducer, its basic structure is composed of shaft parts, box and accessories three major components. Shaft parts including transmission parts, shaft and bearing assembly, bearing assembly includes a bearing, bearing cover, sealing device and adjusting washer. The reducer box body for supporting and fixing shaft parts, ensure the transmission of the meshing precision, good lubrication and sealing parts. Body quality about reducer assembly quality 50/%. Therefore, in the box body structure for speed reducer performance, processing technology, material consumption, cost and quality has great influence, the design must be considered comprehensively. In order to make the speed reducer with better performance, such as grease, oil drainage, ventilation, lifting, check the oil level, check the transmission element meshing, ensuring the processing precision and easy assembly and disassembly, the reducer box often need to set certain devices or parts, these parts and box device and corresponding local structure is called as the reducer attachments or accessories. They include : as the hole and as manhole covers, ventilator, cursor, on tour, a positioning pin plug, open the cover screw, lifting device, oil cup.Brake for hoist equipment third important parts. Brake acts directly on the brake wheel or a brake disc braking torque generated as part of the structure is divided into the plate and block type brake; the fourth part is the transmission mechanism, is to control and adjust the braking torque of part. According to the driving energy into hydraulic, pneumatic or spring; the fifth part depth indicator and connected with the control and protection device, its use for drivers that enhance the container at a location in the wellbore; sixth part is the operation platform, the motor and the brake handlebar uniform set in here, sometimes clutch hand the last part; hoist hydraulic and pneumatic equipment for the former for each machine necessary; and the hydraulic brake transmission, it needs as machine lubrication, but also as the brake device. When using compressed air brake, hydraulic equipment the role only for machine lubrication, and this requires additional compressed air equipment, while in the hydraulic braking does not need additional compressed air equipment.Mine hoist is a contact mine downhole and surface working machinery. Steel wire rope drives the container in a wellbore lifting, transportation task completion. According to the working modes are classified as follows:Winding hoist machine main components are spindle, drum, main bearing, adjusting rope, reducer, depth indicator and brakes ( Figure 2). Double drum hoist reel spindle are fixedly connected with said fixed reel, through adjusting rope is linked to the spindle are called active reel. Chinese manufacturing reel diameter of 2 5m. With the mining depth and yield increase, the length of steel wire rope and the diameter of a corresponding increase in. Thus the reel diameter and width will increase, is not suitable for deep well lifting.It is an earlier appearance of a, it is reliable, simple structure, but applies only to Asakai and medium depth of the mine, and the terminal load can not be too large. For deep well and the terminal loads are large, rope and hoist drum diameter is large, resulting in huge volume, gravity jumps, makes the wire rope hoist and hoist in the manufacturing, transportation and use are inconvenient. So to a certain extent restricts the single rope winding hoist machine under the condition of deep well use. According to the reel can be divided into the number of single drum and double drum two: single drum winder, generally for single hook hoist. One end of the wire rope is fixed on the reel, the other end is connected around the sheave and the lifting container; the drum to rotate, the wire rope from winding on the reel or release, drives the hoisting. The double drum hoist, as double-hook hoisting ( Figure 1). Two steel ropes are respectively fixed on a drum, separately from the drum, the drum to rotate, below the lead, a hoisting container rises, another container drop. Winding hoist machine according to the drum shape is divided into equal diameter hoister and variable diameter hoister two. Equal diameter drum has the advantages of simple structure, easy manufacture, low price, widely used. Deep well promoted, because both sides of wire rope length changes, torque is not balanced. Early introduction of variable diameter hoister ( cylindrical conical drum), the use of tail rope.Hoist in ultra deep well operation, tail rope drape length changes, rope under great stress, affect the service life of the rope; the tail rope in shaft is easily reversed, obstructing the work. At the end of nineteen fifties, British Breyer ( Blair ) designed a diameter of 3.2m double rope multilayer winding hoist machine ( also called Breyer hoist machine ), lifting height of1580 2349m, the first upgrade of10 20T. Multi rope winding hoist machine principle of work and the single rope winding the same, different is a rope wound while in a segmented reel, which belongs to the multi rope multilayer winding, mainly used in deep well and super deep well, its working principle as shown in the figure.In 1938, the Swedish ASEA company in laver ( Laver ) ore has a diameter of 1.96m double rope friction hoist. In 1947 the German G.H.H. company in Hannover ( Hannover ) mine installed a four rope friction hoist. Multi rope friction hoist wire rope with high security, small diameter, the leading wheel diameter of small, light weight, low power consumption, low cost, development is very rapid. Except for deep mine shaft hoist, also can be used in shallow shaft and inclined shaft hoisting. Steel wire rope rested on the hoist capstan ( friction ), two suspension lifting container or end hanging balance weight ( hammer ). Running wheel, friction. The friction between the liner and the steel wire rope, wire rope lifting drive complete container. Wire rope is generally 2 to10.Multi rope friction hoist main components are spindle, main guide wheel, main bearing, slot car device, reducer, depth indicator, a braking device and a guide wheel ( Figure 5). The main guide surface is provided with a rope groove of the friction pad. Liner should have a high coefficient of friction and abrasion resistance, resistance to pressure, the material directly affects the hoist capacity, work safety and application. Is the use of more cushioning material is PVC and polyurethane rubber. Because the steel wire rope and the leading wheel between the lining inevitable creeping and sliding, parking depth indicator deviates from a zero position, it should be equipped with automatic zero setting device, at each parking period so that the pointer is automatically directed to zero. Slot car device used for turning rope groove, maintain a uniform diameter, in favor of each wire rope tension uniform. In order to reduce the vibration, can use a spring base reducer.1tower hoist room in the tower top, and the well tower into one, saving the space; the stee