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名词性从句 主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句主语从句在句中做- 宾语从句在句中做-表语从句在句中做- 同位语从句在句中-主语宾语表语同位语1. That he will come is certain. 2. I know that he will come.3. The truth is that I have been there.4. The fact that she was late surprised us.主语从句宾语从句 表语从句同位语从句 1.为什么叫名词性从句？_整个从句相当于一个名词比较: The man looked around.That the boy failed again in the exam disappointed his mother.同样作主语，从句可以表示较复杂的含义,一般是个动作或性质I know him.I know that he is writing his composition in his room2. 为什么要有名词性从句？那人看了看四周. (名词作主语)那孩子考试又不及格令他母亲很失望. (从句作主语)我知道他在房间里写作文.从句的特征:是一个句子,有一个引导词,引导词做从句的一个成分 (that 除外)名词能做的成分,从句都能做 从句表达的意思比名词复杂得多 主语从句that whether who whom whose what which when where why how从 句引导词:1. That he knows Japanese is known to all. 他懂英语,这一点大家都知道令我惊讶的是在这儿见到他.3. When he will come is unknown .4. Whether he is coming doesnt matter much. 他来不来没什么要紧的他什么时候来不清楚. 他们是怎么登上山顶的仍是个秘密.5. It remains a secret how they climbed up the mountain.主语从句的位置 1.在句首 2.主语较长时通常放在后面,句首主语用 It 主语太长了!放到句尾Details Details Details Details That无词义,不可省略What “什么”, “所.的”2. What surprised me was to see him here .When “什么时候”主语从句不用 if位于句首 It 作主语的常用句型有:1. It + be +形容词 + that 从句2. It + be +名称词组(duty/pity.) + that 从句3. It + be + 过去分词(said/thought.) + that 从句4. It +不及物动词(seem/happen.) + that 从句 It is a pity that we cant go swimming.It is said that he told her everything.It happened that I was out that day.It is certain that he will do well in the exam.1.真可惜我们不能去游泳.2.碰巧那天我外出了.3.他考试肯定会考好.4.据说他已告诉了她一切. 注意: It looked that he was right. ( ) 可以说: It looks as if. happen只有 it 句型It is said只有 it 句型More Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture? ( ) Is that the scientist will give us a lecture true? ( )疑问句中应该用 形式主语It 句型1 Whatever we do must be in the interest of the people. ( )It must be in the interest of the people whatever we do ( )2名词性关系代词whatever/whoever/whichever/wherever/what引导的主语从句一般放在句首改错1. It is true what he said. What he said is true. 放在句首2. Is that he will come certain? Is it certain that he will come? 问句3.He can swim is known to all. That he can swim is known to all. 从句必须有引导词 表语从句从 句 同主语从句 (11个), 外加as if /引导词: as though, 1. The truth is that he has never been to the countryside.2. The question is whether w can finish the experiment by Friday.3. It looks as if it were going to rain. 实际情况是他从未去过农村. that 一般不省略问题在于我们能否在明天下午之前完成这项实验. 表语从句不用 if好象看上去要下雨似的. (其实不会) as if /as though从句常表示不真实的情况She talks as if /as though she had been there before . 她说话的口气好象以前去过那儿似的. 又比如:4. This school is no longer what it was before.这所学校已不再是从前的那个样子了. what =the thing that More 系动词后面 注意下列表语从句中where, how, why 的译法1. This is where Lu Xun once lived.2. That was how they won the match.3. This is why she got up so early this morning.这就是鲁迅曾经住过的地方. 他们就是这样赢得这场比赛的. 这就是她为什么今天早上起得这么早的原因.1.我们就是这样克服困难的.2.那就是他昨天缺席的原因. 3.这就是我们上星期碰头的地方.This is / That was how we overcame the difficulties.That is why he was absent yesterday.This is where we met last Sunday.固定句型: This is where This is why This is how.这就是的地方这就是的原因这就是的方法 宾语从句从 句 ( 同主语从句 ) ,增加 if ,可与whether引导词: 互换, 但不与 or not 连用1. They pretended ( that ) they knew how to do it. 他们假装知道怎么做这事。 That从句做pretend的宾语我暗中想他讲的不是真话. 谓语与从句之间有插入语时,that 不可省略2. I thought to myself that he was not telling the truth.3.She said (that) she couldnt tell me and that I couldnt understand.宾语从句并列时,只省略第一个 that 4. Everything depends on whether we have enough time. ( if ) if /whether 表示“是否” 可以互换,五种情况只用whether: 1.在介词后面 2.与or not连用 3.在主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句中5. I dont know whether he will come or not. ( if )6. The question is whether he will agree . ( if ) More 1. I doubt if / whether he will pass the exam. 2. I dont doubt that we will win the match.3. Do you doubt that he did it on his own? doubt问题肯定句中用 if / whether否定句中用 that 疑定句中用 that 1. I doubt _he is telling the truth. 2. We never doubt _ the plan will be carried out .3. Does he doubt _ you are from Austria?4. Im doubtful _ he will agree to this. if / whether that that if / whether 宾语从句经常做介词的宾语1. The Swede stood still, except _ his lips moved slightly.2. She is not satisfied with _ she has achieved.3. Mary always thinks of _ she can do more for the class.4. He wrote a letter of thanks to _ helped him. (任何一个)5. It depends on if we have enough time. whether w have enough time.介词后面不用 if that what how whoever6. Are you sorry for which you have done? what you have done?介词后面不用 which 宾语从句经常作表语形容词的宾语1. Im afraid (that ) Ill be late. 2. We were surprised that he lost the game. 我恐怕要迟到了. that 可以省略我们对他在比赛中的失败感到惊异.此类表语形容词有: afraid pleased happysatisfied anxious suresurprised certain gladaware用它们造句that 从句只跟在 except,but, in ,besides, save五个介词后面 1. We think that middle school students master one foreign language possible . (改用形式宾语 it )2. We have made that a foreign language is a useful weapon in the struggle of life clear. (改用形式宾语 it )我认为学好英语是必要的.英语有句尾重心的原则I consider that we should learn English well necessary.We consider her suitable for the job. 句尾太轻宾语宾补consider, find, think, feel, make 等动词常带宾语补足语, 这时要用形式宾语 it, 宾语从句放到宾补之后。We think it possible that middle school students master one foreign language.We have made it clear that a foreign language is a useful weapon in the struggle of life exerciseI consider it necessary that we should learn English wellit不能漏从句后移 Correction1. The emperor was pleased by which the minister told him about it.2. Are you sorry for that you have annoyed him?3. I find that this should be kept secret for the time being necessary.4. Can you doubt if she will succeed?5. I worried about if my brother will return in time.6. She said that she has never told a lie.7. Will you tell me when he leaves for Paris?8. Our football team won the match last Sunday excited all of us.9. It looked that he was well prepared for the unexpected challenge. 10. That he said moved everyone present.atit necessary that this should be kept secret for the time being. that she will succeed ?whether my brother will reurn in time.had will leave for Paris?That our football team won the match last Sunday excited all of us.WhatIt seemed which不做介词宾语that不做介词宾语句尾重心从句缺少引导词 that不做句子成分没有It look that表达式 同位语从句被修饰词有: fact, news, hope, opinion, order, question, problem, belief, truth, theory, decision, discovery, conclusion, promise, rumor, fear, thought, suggestion, plan, idea同位语从句说明这些名词的内容常见引导词: that , whether ( if ), how, wh- 疑问词1. The fact that deeds are better than words is quite clear.2. The question how I did it is hard to answer.3. They had no idea where they should go to find some food.4. The question whether he comes or not is not important. ( if )5. A thought came to me that he might be in the library.事实胜于雄辨这一道理非常清楚。我怎么做的这一问题很难回答。他们根本不知去哪儿找食物。 他是否来这个问题不重要。我突然想到他可能在图书馆。 被别的词隔开that 无词义 同位语从句和定语从句的区别:We were excited about the news (that) he had told us.We were excited about the news that he had passed the exam.The fact that the young man had been a prisoner astonished her .The fact that was unbelievable astonished everyone.The question who helped us out of difficulty remains to be answered.The question which seems so strange remains to be answered.同位语从句：说明名词的内容，wh-表示疑问， that 不做成分，不能省略。 定 语 从 句：说明名词的性质特征，wh-不表示疑问，引导词做句子成分， that 做宾语可以省略。 用形式主语 it 的主语从句常见结构：1. It is clear (necessary, important, possible,remarkable） that 很清楚（必要，重要，可能， 值得注意等) 2. It is a fact (a good thing, good news) that 事实是 ( 好事是/好消息是) 3. It is well-known ( reported, recorded, estimated, said, believed) that众所周知 ( 据报道, 据记载, 据说, 据估计)4. It turns out ( seems, happens, appears) that 结果是 ( 似乎是/碰巧是/好象是) 3, 4, 5是动词只有it句型5. It has been found (has been proved, can be seen, must be pointed out ) that 已发现 ( 已证明,可以看出,需指出)1, 2是形容词, 两种句型 Return 用 it 句型翻译, 并判断是否有第二种说法:1.据说今年高一学生要学新教材。2.事实是他们靠自己完成了所有的任务。3.碰巧他们已经参加过军训了。4.众所周知, 比尔 盖茨是世界上最富有的人。5.我们应该养成好的学习习惯这很重要。It is said that the Senior Grade One students will learn a new text this year.It is a fact that they finished all the work by themselves.It happened that they had had their military training.It is well-known that Bill Gates is the richest person in the world.It is important that we (should) form a good habit of study.Note: It is important/necessary/natural/our duty/essential/strange that sb (should) do sth. 固定句型, should可以省略翻译: 真奇怪他今天竟然迟到了。It is strange that he should be late today.strange不省略, should为好Return that引导陈述句, 在从句中没有词义, 不可省略 return她会讲法语这一点大家都知道。That she can speak French is known to us all.她一声不响拿走了他的杂志, 这使他很生气。_五班输了比赛, 这事令所有的人感到惊讶。_他干了一上午的活, 这使他感到很累。_她不可能是美国人, 这一点是很清楚的。_她已经入团了, 这件事很快会被宣布。_That he took away his magazine without a word made him angry.That Class Five lost the game surprised everyone.That he worked all morning made him feel very tired.That she cant be an American is quite clear.That she has joined the League will be announced soon. what在从句中表示“什么”或“所的” returnwhat he will do next is unknown . what 表示疑问 “什么” 比如：他下一步做什么我们不清楚。1.在那儿所看到的(事物)是无法描述的。2.我们怎么处理这些书与你无关。3.她会给我们带些什么食物来还不清楚。4.明天会发生什么事还是个谜。5.她所买的只是一些蔬菜。What was seen there is beyond description.What we will do with the food has nothing to do with you.What food he will bring to us is not clear.What will happen tomorrow is still a mystery.What she has bought are only some vegetables. what只用于名词性从句中 Return when,where,why,how,who,whom,whose分别表示什么时候、什么地方、为什么、怎么、谁（主格/宾格）、谁的When we will have a meeting is unknown.Where we will have a meeting is unknown.Why we should have a meeting is unknown.1.我们什么时候开会不清楚。2.我们在什么地方开会不清楚。3.我们为什么要开会不清楚。4. 他们是怎么发现那个秘密的令大家很感兴趣。5. 谁来当他们的班主任还没有决定H ow they discovered that secret interested everyone.Who will be their class teacher has not been decided.Where did they go last week is of no importance. ( )错 凡是从句都必须用陈述语序went whether从句作主语时不能用 if Return1.我们是否要重新做这个实验还没有决定。2.这本书是否林先生写的这一点很重要。3.他们是否能按时到达要看天气。4.她是否能考上大学要看她是否努力。Whether we should do the experiment again has not been decided.Whether the book was written by Mr. Lin is very important.Whether they can arrive in time depends on the weather.Whether she can pass the college entrance examination depends on whether she will work hard .Whether that she can come or not doesnt matter. ( )错一个从句只能有一个引导词 用表语从句合并 Return 1. He was absent from the meeting. Thats the fact.2. Is he a student? Thats my question.3. When will we leave for the Island.? Thats what I want to know.4. Whom must our education serve ? Thats the most important. The fact is that he was absent from the meeting. My question is whether he is student. 从句一律用陈述语序 What I want to know is when well leave for the Island. The most important is whom our education must serve.5. My idea is_ (我们应该每天练习讲英语) that we should practice speaking English every day.that无词义，是引导词，不要遗漏。 6.重要的是我们怎样提高英语成绩。 _The important thing is how we could improve our English.标点符号 宾语从句常做动词的宾语 Return 1.我记不得他是怎么找到这个答案的。2.请告诉我林教授住在哪里。3.我不在乎这是谁的责任。4.他拿不定主意该去看哪场篮球比赛。5.我不知道为什么她对她的儿子这么以严厉。I dont remember how he found the answer.Please tell me where Professor Lin lives.I dont care whose duty it is.He cant decide which basketball match he should go and watch .I dont know why she is so hard on her son. Return 做介词宾语1.他总是想到如何为人民多做事。2.除了下雨,他天天坚持锻炼。3.她一切很顺利只是工作较忙。4.我们对她女儿的遭遇感到震惊。5.这是一个谁来做这项手术的问题。He always thinks of how he can do more for the people.He keeps on doing exercise every day except when it rains.Everything goes on well except that he is busy with his work.We were shocked by what her daughter had suffered .It is a matter of who will do the operation.6. Did you hear about that he was fully recovered? ( )7. It all depends on if the humid weather will change soon enough.( ) 8. I am very interested in how he did more with less money. ( )whether 1. We think that Mr. Lin didnt come yesterday strange. (划出宾语/ 改用it)2.每人都要写一篇作文这一点她已经讲得很清楚了。3.我们觉得互相帮助是我们的责任。4.我们认为他们在渡船上吸烟是不对的。5.我们认为他们不可能的懂得怎么操作电脑。We think it strange that Mr. Lin didnt come yesterday.She has made it clear that everyone should write a composition.We feel it our duty that we should help each other. Return We dont think it right that they smoke on the ferry.We consider it impossible that they could know how to operate a computer.
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