资源描述
单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,句子成分II：,表语/定语/状语/补,一、表语,系动词是表示人或事物状态、性质的动词,如,:be,get,sound,look,seem,feel,等。系动词后 面的部分叫表语。作表语的典型词类是形容词,也可以名词、数词、极少数副词,(,如,here,there),、介词短语、不定式、分词、表语从句等。系动词与表语共同构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质等。,练习：,请找出下列句子的表语并指出表语是由什么来充当的,(,名词、数词、形容词、介词,不定式,分词,还是表语从句,),。,1.My wallet is on the desk.,(_),2.The book isnt mine.,(_),mine,名词。,on the desk,介词短语。,3.The leaves turn yellow in fall.,(_),4.He has become a police officer.,(_),a police officer,名词。,yellow,形容词。,5.My suggestion is that we should start at once.,(_),6.My suggestion is to leave at once.,(_),to leave at once,不定式短语,。,that we should start at once.,表语从句,。,7.His speech was boring.,(_),8.The whole class got excited at the good news.,(_),excited,过去分词。,boring,现在分词。,二、定语,定语用来修饰名词或代词,起限定作用。作定语的典型词类是形容词和形容词性物主代词,也可以是数词、名词、介词短语、分词、定语从句等。定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰复合不定代词,(,如,something),时,或者是短语或定语从句作定语,则总是放在所修饰名词的后边。,练习：,请找出下列句子的定语并指出定语是由什么充当,(,形容词、形容词性代词、数词、名词、介词短语、分词还是定语从句,),1.The beautiful sight attracts many tourists every year.,(_),beautiful,形容词,;,many,数词。,2.The wallet on the desk is mine.,(_),3.The demanding boss wasnt satisfied with my work.,(_),demanding,现在分词,;my,形容词性代词,。,on the desk,介词短语,。,4.That building being repaired is our library.,(_),5.He is one of the students that have been late.,(_),being repaired,现在分词短语,;our,形,容词性代词,。,one,数词,;that have been late,定语从句,6.The excited boys burst into cheers.,(_),7.A woman police officer was praised for her good work.,(_),woman,名词,;,good,形容词。,excited,过去分词。,三、状语,状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,或整个句子。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等,作状语的典型词类是副词,也可以是介词短语、不定式、分词、状语从句等。,练习：,请找出下列句子的状语并指出状语是由什么充当,(,副词、介词短语、不定式、分词、状语从句,),。,1.He did his homework carefully at home.,(_),carefully,副词,;,at home,介词词组。,to do some shopping,不定式作目的状语,;,on Sunday,介词短语表时间。,2.Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.,(_),3.When I grow up,I am going to be a teacher.,(_),4.Feeling tired,he went to bed without supper.,(_),Feeling tired,现在分词短语表原因,;,without supper,介词短语表方式。,When I grow up,时间状语从句。,5.He lost his job due to his lack of patience.,(_),6.Brought up in the country,he finds it hard to adjust himself to city life.,(_),Brought up in the country,过去分词短,语表原因,。,due to his lack of patience,介词短语表,原因。,四、补足语,补充说明主语的称为主语补足语,;,补充说明宾语的称为宾语补足语。作补足语的典型词类是形容词,也可以是名词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词等。,练习：,请找出下列句子的宾语补足语并指出它是由什么充当的,(,名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词,),。,1.They elected John monitor.,(_),2.He treated his mistake as a joke.,(_),as a joke,介词词组。,monitor,名词,3.We heard her singing a song.,(_),4.He told me to make my own decision.,(_),to make my own decision,动词不定式,singing a song,现在分词短语。,5.I think it wrong of him to decline my offer.,(_),6.He watched an insect caught by a bird.,(_),caught by a bird,过去分词短语。,wrong,形容词。,如果把主动语态改成被动语态,宾语补足语就成了主语补足语。例如：,He was acknowledged,to be the best player,.,他被公认为是最佳选手。,(,不定式作主语补足语,),【注意】,
展开阅读全文