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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Grammar,过去分词知识总结,I,过去分词的形式,II,过去分词的性质,III,过去分词的用法,构成形式,“动词原形,+ed”,规则形式,:,e.g.,open love study stop,不规则形式：,e.g.,cost bend keep fight break rise swim,过去分词没有时态和语态的变化,I,过去分词的构成形式,opened,loved,studied,stopped,cost,bent,kept,fought,broken,risen,swum,II,过去分词的性质,过去分词既有,动词,性质，功能相当于,形容词,和,副词,1),动词性质表现为,:,可以有自己的状语并组成过去分词短语。,He likes to read the books,written by,Lu Xun,.(,过去分词短语,),2),形容词和副词性质表现为：过去分词（短语）在句中可作,定语,、,表语,、,状语,、,补足语,等。,译：他喜欢读,鲁迅写的,书。,过去分词（短语）作定语,1.,单个过去分词作定语，放在被修饰的名词之前，,做前置定语，,和它所修饰的名词是动宾,(,被动,),关系。,Eg.,Mum,threw,away,the,broken,cup.,PS:,a compound,（合成）,word,a,so-called,professor,一个所谓的教授,homemade,pizza,自制的披萨,a well-paid job,一份高薪工作,2.,过去分词短语用作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后，,与被修饰的名词之间存在动宾关系，相当于一个定语从句,The,boy,(,named,Tom),will,come,here,tomorrow.,=,The,boy,(who,is,named,Tom),will,come,here,tomorrow.,3.,过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。,(1)The meeting,attended,by,many,people,welcomed the hero.,=,which,was,attended,by,a,lot,people,习题：,I m very thirsty.,Youd better drink some _ water.,A.boiling B.boil C.boiled D.to be boiled,析,C,单个分词作定语放在所修饰的名词之前。,现在分词表明动作正在进行，过去分词表明动作已经完成,。,A.held B.to be held,C.holding D.being holding,析,过去分词短语做定语放在所修饰名词,(,词组,),之后，与其所修饰的名词,(,词组是,),动宾关系,且动作已经完成。,译,:,公元前,776,年举行的奥运会只持续了一天。,2)The Olympic Games _ in 776 B.C.lasted for only one day.,A,析,过去分词,invited,作定语修饰指示代词,those,意为,“,被邀请的那些人,”,两者是动宾（被动）关系。,th,ose invited=those people who have been invited,单个过去分词作定语需放在所修饰的名词之前,但是,something,、,anything,、,nobody,、,nothing,、,those,等代词的定语需后置。,3.,Please dont forget him.He is one of _.,A.those invited B.invited those,C.those inviting D.inviting those,A,过去分词（短语）,作表语,The cup is,broken,.,茶杯破了。,He is,retired,.,他已退休。,we,are,moved,by,this,film.,过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态，主语是动作的承受者,存在动宾关系,【,注意,】,过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，表示主语的状态，,相当于一个形容词,;,而被动语态则表示动作。,常由,by,引出动作的发出者。,(1),This river,is,polluted,.,（表状态）,This river was,polluted,by the chemical plant,.,（过去分词构成被动语态，表动作）,(2)The library is now,closed,.,（表状态）,The library is now,closed,by,Jack,.,(,表动作）,【,注意,】,过去分词表示被动或完成,-ing,形式表示主动或进行。有些动词如,interest,bore,worry,surprise,frighten,等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人，用,-ing,形式来修饰物。,(3)The book is,interesting,and Im,interested,in it.,这本书很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。,1.The rooms are _,so you cant move in.,A.painted B.painting,C.being painted D.to be painted,2.As soon as he entered the city,he _.,A.was losing B.got losing,C.lost D.got lost,3.What he has done is really _.Now his parents,are _ him.,A.disappointing;disappointed at,B.disappointing;disappointed about,C.disappointing;disappointed with,D.disappointed;disappointing by,C,C,D,(,e.g.,get hurt get excited,get pleased,),习题：,过去分词（短语）,作宾语补足语,I found,the small town,changed,a lot,.(,表动作已完成,),He wants,the letter,typed,right away,.(,动宾关系,),We must get,our homework,finished,on,time.,(,动宾关系,),过去分词（短语）在句子中作宾语补足语表示动作已完成，,或和宾语存在动宾关系。这类句子的谓语动词通常是表示,“感知”（如,see,hear,feel,watch,notice,find,等,),、,“,意愿,”,（如,want,wish,expect,等,),的动词，,或是使役动词,（如,make,have,keep,等）。,习题：,1.We saw,the thief,_(catch)by the police.,caught,译：我看见那个小偷被警察抓住了。,（过,去分词短语作宾语补足语，表被动,),2.I saw,him,_(get on)the bus .,getting on,译：我看见他正在上车。,（现在分词短语作宾语补足语，表主动，动作正在进行）,3.I will have/get,my hair,_(cut)tomorrow.,cut,译：我准备明天理发。,(,过去分词作宾补，表被动,),过去分词（短语）,作状语,过去分词（短语）作状语，修饰谓语，常常表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等，相当于对应的状语从句。它和主句的主语存在动宾关系。,a,、,表示时间,Seen,from space,the earth,looks blue.,When it is,seen from space,the earth looks blue.,b,、表示条件,Kept in refrigerator,these vegetables will remain,fresh,.,If they are,kept in refrigerator,these vegetables will remain fresh,.,(1),Seeing,from the top of the hill,we,can,enjoy,the,beauty,of,the,city.(,主动,),(2),Seen,from the top of the hill,the city looks more beautiful to us.(,被动,),从山顶看城市，城市显得更漂亮。（,seen,为过去分词作状语，表,“,被看,”,，由语境可知，它的逻辑主语必须是城市，而不是,“,我们,”,，因为,“,我们,”,应主动看城市。）,过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致。,Eg.,Given,another hour,I can also work out this problem.,另：过去分词,&,现在分词区别，,P56,c,、,表示,原因,d,、,表示伴随情况,e,、表示让步,Deeply,moved,by the movie,the girls,began to cry.,As they were,deeply moved by the movie,the girls began to cry.,She,walked out of the house,followed,by her daughter.,She walked out of the house,and,was followed by her,daughter.,Beaten,by the enemy,he,refused to let out the secret.,Although he was,beaten by the enemy,he refused to,let out the secret.,独立成分,Given,如果有，考虑到,.,Provided,that,假设,.,Compared,with/,to,与之对比,Based,on,基于,.,汇总,1.,过分与现分做定语的区别,过分：被动,&,完成；现分：主动,&,进行；不定式：将来，未发生,2.,有些过去分词做表语,=adj.,且部分已转化为,adj.,常见的有：,disappointed,delighted,puzzled,tired,drunk,married,3.,过去分词作表语，表示主语的状态；而被动语态则表示动作。,4.,用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关。如与人有关的词,look,face,expression,等。,eg.,The boy looked up with a,pleased,expression.,男孩带着满意的表情举目而视,a,puzzled,look/,expression/,face,5.,有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主动。,这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：,get,lost,（迷路）；,seated,（坐）；,hidden,（躲）；,stationed,（驻扎）；,lost/absorbed in,（沉溺于）；,born,（出身于）；,dressed in,（穿着）；,tired of,（厌烦）,;addicted to;,devoted to;,be/get,burnt,out,(1),Written,in a hurry,this article,was not so good!,因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。,【,注意,】written,为过去分词作状语，表示这篇文章是被写的，而且已经被写。值得注意的是，有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主动。,过去分词
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