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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,个体名词：,boy,girl,teacher,school,book,room,pen,pencil,desk,apple,具体可见的，可以数出数量的个体。,抽象名词,happiness,misery,difficulty,love,honesty,courage,不能看到的抽象概念。,二,.,名词种类与名词的数,1,）所有的专有名词都是不可数名词。,2,）个体名词通常都是可数的。,3,）集体名词和成双成对的名词永远用作复数。,people,police,trousers,glasses,4,）物质名词和抽象名词为不可数名词。,特殊情况：,.,有些名词,如,:family,class,team,等既可,用作单数又可用作复数。,当强调整体时，常用作单数；,当强调整体中的各个成员时，常为复数。例：,The family is quite big.,这是个大家庭。,The family are enjoying themselves in the,park.,家里的每个人都玩得很高兴。,2,）有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数,词，但词义有所不同。,sand,沙,sands,沙滩,wood,木头,woods,森林,fish,鱼肉,fish,鱼,orange,橙汁,an orange,桔子,chicken,鸡肉,a chicken,小鸡,room,空间、余地,a room,房间,4.,以,f,或,fe,结尾的词，多数变,f,为,v,，再加,-es,，如：,knifeknives,，,leafleaves,halfhalves,5.,以辅音母加,y,结尾的词变,“,y,”,为,“,i,”,，再加,-es,如：,citycities,factoryfactories,但注意：以元音字母加,y,结尾的名词的复数形式只加,s,，,如：,boyboys,daydays,6.,不规则变化,man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,child-children,ox-oxen,，,mouse-mice,fish-fish,sheep-sheep,deer-deer,B.单复数一致的,Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,aircraft,goldfish,fish,名词怎样变复数,名词怎样变复数,1、大多数情况直接加s,book-book,s,chicken-chicken,s,lamb-lamb,s,horse-horse,s,名词怎样变复数,2、以s,x,sh,ch 结尾的名词加es,glass-glass,es,box-box,es,dish-dish,es,sandwich-sandwich,es,名词怎样变复数,3、以f或fe结尾的名词，先去掉f或fe，再加ves,kni,fe,-kni,ves,（wolf）（thief）（wife）（knife）(shelf)（half）（leaf）（life）。,以,f/fe,结尾的单词，,把,f/fe,改成,v,再加,es,魔法咒语,妻子拿刀去砍狼,小偷吓得发了慌,躲在架后保己命,半片树叶遮目光,wife,knife,wolf,thief,shelf,self,half,leaf,名词怎样变复数,4、以辅音字母加y结尾，先把y变成i,再加es,family-famil,ies,cherr,y,-cherr,ies,strawberry-strawberr,ies,baby-bab,ies,如果是元音字母加y结尾，直接加s.,boy-boys,秘密妈咪红,以辅音字母加,y,结尾，,把,y,改成,i,再 加,es,family,famil,ies,boy-boys,名词怎样变复数,5、以o结尾的单词，一般加s。,下面四个词例外：,potato-potato,es,tomato-tomato,es,negro-negro,es,hero-hero,es,黑人英雄吃土豆和西红柿。（简称两人两菜）,一条,蛇吃,了一瓶,XO,就,死,了,sh,ch,x,o,s,有生命的,o,加,es,，没生命的,o,加,s,potato,tomato,hero,zoo,radio,piano,P8,名词怎样变复数,6.其它特殊的单词：,sheep-sheep,food-food,child-children,man-men,woman-women,阿拉丁,所有跟人有关系的词,的复数,a -e,policeman,postman,woman,policemen,postmen,women,C.通常只有复数形式的,Trousers,glasses,stairs,pants,jeans,shorts,pajamas,scissors,fireworks,earphones,goods,brains,复合名词改成复数形式,一.在词尾加-s 或-es,1.主体名词在词末,bedroom bedrooms 卧室,toothbrush toothbrushes 牙刷,greenhouse greenhouses 温室,letter-box letter-boxes 信箱,2.没有主体名词,go-between go-betweens 中间人,break-in break-ins 闯入,has-been has-beens 过时的人、过时的物,forget-me-not forget-me-nots 勿忘草,hand-me-down hand-me-downs 旧衣,二.在主体名词词尾加-s 或-es,son-in-law sons-in-law 女婿,editor-in-chief editors-in-chief 总编辑,commander-in-chief commanders-in-chief 总司令,passer-by passers-by 过路人,vice-premier vice-premiers 副总理,三.两个构成部分都要变成复数形式,a woman cookwomen cooks 女厨师,a man nurse men nurses 男护士,有关名词可数性的三个,易错点：,1.a bread,two breads (X),a loaf of bread,two loaves of bread(,),2.paper (uncountable nouns),newspaper (countable nouns),water (uncountable nouns),tear (countable nouns),3.aim表示“目的”时是可数名词，表示“瞄准”时是不可数名词；瞄准，对准（指技巧或动作,),Your aim is your skill or action in pointing a weapon or other object at its target.,experience,经验,时不可数，表示“经历”时则可数；,fortune，当它表示“运气”和“财产”时不可数，当它表示“命运”时就可数。,7.,表示国籍名词单复数变化规律,Chinese,Chinese,中国人,Japanese,Japanese,日本人,Frenchman,Frenchmen,法国人,Englishman,Englishmen,英国人,German,Germans,德国人,American,Americans,美国人,Egyptian,Egyptians,埃及人,Russian,Russians,俄国人,Italian,Italians,意大利人,不同国家的人的单复数,口诀：,中日瑞士不用变，英法国人,A,变,E,，其余,S,加后面名称 总称（谓语用复数）一个人 两个人,this ,that ,I ,you ,he/she/it,am/is ,these,those,we,you,they,are,单数 复数,不规则名词复数变化三,this-,that-,I-,me-,you-,he/she/it/-him/her/it-,am/is-,these,those,we,us,you,they,them,are,句子单数变复数,This is a book.,That is an eraser.,It is a red apple.,I am a boy.,He/She is a teacher.,Whats this?,These are books.,Those are erasers.,They are,red,apples.,We are boys.,They are teachers.,Whatre these?,复数句子变单数句子,These are,dictionaries,.,单数,一般疑问句,并作肯定回答,划线提问,This is,a,dictionary.,Are these dictionaries?,Yes,they,are.,What are these?,四,.,不可数名词数量的表示,不可数名词,3.,抽象类,1.,液体类,2.,粉末类,coffee,bread,love,容易改变自身形状的物体,Do you know?,不加,s,Be,动词用,is,（,2,）不可数名词的量化,借助一些单位来表示一定的数量,a,glass of,/a,cup of,/a,piece of,a,bottle of,/a,bag of,/a,bowl of,表示重量的名词往往是可数名词，他们可变成复数形式。,t,wo glasses of water,two bags of rice,借助一些表示不定数量的不定代词来修饰，常见的有：,Some,any,a little,little,much,a lot of,lots of,特别的的复数形式：,单复数同形：,deer(,鹿,);sheep(,绵羊,);,people(,人们,);police(,警察,),注意：,fish,es,指鱼的种类。,不可数名词可量化：,数词,+,量词,+of+,不可数名词,two,pieces,of news/paper/work/bread/meat,a,bottle,of milk/water,three,bowls,of rice,ten,cups,of tea,注意：,two paper,s,：两张试卷,P76,不可数名词 Uncountable Nouns,不能直接用数来计数的词，它没有复数形式。,（,1,）常见的不可数名词,抽象名词,beauty,fun,health,love,固体,bread,glass,meat,wood,silk,液体,honey,jam,wine,milk,juice,oil,气体,air,smoke,天气,weather,rain,snow,fog,wind,sunshine,粮食和粉状物,wheat,rice,corn,flour,sugar,salt,(3)表示容积，如cup,bottle,bowl,bag,glass,box,tube,bucket等，例如：,a cup of tea 一杯茶 a bowl of rice 一碗饭,a bag of rice 一袋米 two glasses of water 两杯水,a tube of toothpaste 一管牙膏,*注意：可数名词后可加-s，不可数名词后不能加-s。如：,two boxes of books 两箱书,(4)表示动作或状态，如burst,gust,flash,fit等，例如：,a burst of laughter 一阵笑声 a
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