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状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,新课导入,12 ,诗经,二首,R,八年级语文下册,学习目标,1.,了解有关诗经的文学常识，有感情地朗读并背诵古诗，把握这两首诗的内容及其思想感情。（重点）,2.,学习诗经中,赋、比、兴的创作手法,及其章法节奏的特点；分析诗歌的语言特色，,体会诗歌的音韵美、意境美、含蓄美。,（难点）,3.,感受诗歌的艺术魅力，正确认识,古代劳动人民对美好爱情的追求,。（重点）,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,作品简介,诗经,是我国,最早的,一部诗歌总集,，收录了从,西周,到,春秋,时期,的诗歌305篇,。按照音乐的特点，分为“,风,”“,雅,”“,颂,”三个部分。,“风”又叫“国风”，是各地的歌谣。,计有“周南”“召南”等十五国风，共,160,篇，其中大部分为周代民歌，是,诗经,中的精华。,“雅”是西周王畿地区的雅乐,，共,105,篇，又分为“,大雅,”“,小雅,”。“大雅”,31,篇，用于,诸侯朝会,；“小雅”,74,篇，用于,贵宾宴享,。,“颂”是统治阶级宗庙祭祀的舞曲歌辞,，其中“周颂”,31,篇，“鲁颂”,4,篇，“商颂”,5,篇，共,40,篇。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,文体知识,古体诗：,指的是唐代以前形成的较少格律限制的诗歌形式，有四言体、五言体、六言体和七言古代诗歌体等，大致押韵，不讲究平仄，句数不限。,古体诗的发展轨迹：诗经楚辞汉赋汉乐府魏晋南北朝民歌建安诗歌陶诗等文人五言诗唐代的古风、新乐府。,古体诗和近体诗,9,、,要学生做的事，教职员躬亲共做；要学生学的知识，教职员躬亲共学；要学生守的规则，教职员躬亲共守。,2024/11/29,2024/11/29,Friday, November 29, 2024,10,、阅读一切好书如同和过去最杰出的人谈话。,2024/11/29,2024/11/29,2024/11/29,11/29/2024 2:00:55 AM,11,、一个好的教师，是一个懂得心理学和教育学的人。,2024/11/29,2024/11/29,2024/11/29,Nov-24,29-Nov-24,12,、要记住，你不仅是教课的教师，也是学生的教育者，生活的导师和道德的引路人。,2024/11/29,2024/11/29,2024/11/29,Friday, November 29, 2024,13,、,He who seize the right moment, is the right man.,谁把握机遇，谁就心想事成。,2024/11/29,2024/11/29,2024/11/29,2024/11/29,11/29/2024,14,、谁要是自己还没有发展培养和教育好，他就不能发展培养和教育别人。,29 十一月 2024,2024/11/29,2024/11/29,2024/11/29,15,、一年之计，莫如树谷；十年之计，莫如树木；终身之计，莫如树人。,十一月 24,2024/11/29,2024/11/29,2024/11/29,11/29/2024,16,、提出一个问题往往比解决一个更重要。因为解决问题也许仅是一个数学上或实验上的技能而已，而提出新的问题，却需要有创造性的想像力，而且标志着科学的真正进步。,2024/11/29,2024/11/29,29 November 2024,17,、儿童是中心，教育的措施便围绕他们而组织起来。,2024/11/29,2024/11/29,2024/11/29,2024/11/29,2,、,Our destiny offers not only the cup of despair, but the chalice of opportunity.,(Richard Nixon, American President ),命运给予我们的不是失望之酒，而是机会之杯。,二二一年六月十七日,2021,年,6,月,17,日星期四,3,、,Patience is bitter, but its fruit is sweet.,(Jean Jacques Rousseau , French thinker),忍耐是痛苦的，但它的果实是甜蜜的。,10:516.17.202110:516.17.202110:5110:51:196.17.202110:516.17.2021,4,、,All that you do, do with your might; things done by halves are never done right.,-R.H. Stoddard, American poet,做一切事都应尽力而为，半途而废永远不行,6.17.20216.17.202110:5110:5110:51:1910:51:19,5,、,You have to believe in yourself. Thats the secret of success.,-Charles Chaplin,人必须相信自己，这是成功的秘诀。,-Thursday, June 17, 2021June 21Thursday, June 17, 20216/17/2021,近体诗：,隋唐出现的新诗体，有绝句和律诗两种。律诗通常为8句（超过8句的称为排律或长律），律诗分为首联、颔联、颈联和尾联。绝句为4句。根据每句字数，可分为五律、七律、五绝、七绝，讲究韵律平仄，律诗还讲究对仗。除排律外，句数都有限定。,结构整齐、讲究押韵、规定平仄,是近体诗的最大特点。,诗歌,是最早出现的文学体裁，有着和其他体裁截然不同的特点。归结为五个方面：,抒情性,是诗歌的最基本特点；诗歌,通过形象典型地反映生活,；诗歌,通过意境表达思想感情,；古典诗歌具有,精练和含蓄,的特征；古代诗歌具有,音乐美,。,字词学习,雎鸠,（ ）,窈窕,（ ）,逑,（ ）,参差,（ ）,荇,菜（ ） 琴,瑟,（ ）,寤寐,（ ）,芼,（ ）,蒹葭,（ ）,溯洄,（ ）,萋,萋（ ）,晞,（ ）,湄,（ ）,跻,（ ）,坻,（ ）,涘,（ ）,沚,（ ）,s,s,zh,jin ji,qi,x,xn,q,ch,j,yo tio,mo,s hu,j ji,cn c,w mi,mi,古今异义,左右,流,之（,古义：,捞取,今义：,流动）,道,阻,且右,（,古义：,艰险,今义：,阻挡）,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,右,左右流之,道阻且右,左右采之,蒹葭采采,（名词，右边）,（动词，采摘）,（形容词，茂盛鲜明的样子）,一词多义,采,（动词，向右迂曲）,词类活用,左右,流之,（,名词做状语，在左右两边,）,琴瑟,友,之,（,琴瑟，名词做动词，弹琴鼓瑟。,）,（,友，名词做动词，向某人表示亲近,）,钟鼓,乐,之,（,使动用法，使快乐,）,整体感知,听课文朗读，疏通生字词，体会诗歌的音律美。,关,雎,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,朗读课文：,关关雎鸠，在河之洲。,窈窕淑女，君子好逑。,参差荇菜，左右流之。,窈窕淑女，寤寐求之。,求之不得，寤寐思服。,悠哉悠哉，辗转反侧。,参差荇菜，左右采之。,窈窕淑女，琴瑟友之。,参差荇菜，左右芼之。,窈窕淑女，钟鼓乐之。,关关雎鸠,，在河之,洲,。,窈窕淑女,，君子,好逑,。,关关雎鸠：雎鸠鸟不停地鸣叫。关关，拟声词。,雎鸠，一种水鸟，一般认为就是鱼鹰。,洲：,水中的陆地。,窈窕淑女：窈窕，指文静美好的样子。淑，美、,美好。,君子好逑：君子，当时对贵族男子的统称。好逑，,好配偶。逑，配偶。,疏通文意：,这两句运用了,比兴的写作手法,，,以成双成对的雎鸠来象征人间的爱情,。,以“窈窕淑女,，,君子好逑”为纲目,，,统摄全诗。,译文：,雎鸠鸟不停地鸣叫，立在那河中沙洲上。文静美好的少女，是小伙子好的配偶。,参差,荇菜，左右,流,之。,窈窕淑女，,寤寐,求之。,参差：长短不齐。,荇菜：一种可食的水草。,流：捞取。,寤寐：这里意思是日日夜夜。,寤，醒时。寐，睡时。,译文：,水中长短不齐的荇菜，在船的左右两边捞取。文静美好的少女，日日夜夜想追求。,求之不得，寤寐,思服,。,悠,哉悠哉，,辗转反侧,。,思服：思念。,悠：忧思的样子。,辗转反侧：形容心中有事，躺在床上翻来覆去地不能入睡。,译文：,追求没能如心愿，日夜牵挂在心头。长夜漫漫不到头，翻来覆去难成眠。,动作描写：,“辗转反侧”,，,运用动作描写,，,突出其内心的不平静。形象逼真地表现了主人公深深的思念之情。,参差荇菜，左右采之。,窈窕淑女，,琴瑟友之,。,琴瑟友之：弹琴鼓瑟对她表示亲近。,译文：,水中长短不齐的荇菜，在船的左右采摘。文静美好的少女，我弹奏着琴瑟和你亲近。,这两句,设想姑娘已经答应自己的请求,，,便兴奋地弹琴、鼓瑟以亲近她。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,参差荇菜，左右,芼,之。,窈窕淑女，,钟鼓乐之,。,芼：挑选。,钟鼓乐之：敲击钟鼓使她快乐。乐，形容词的使动用法，使快乐。,译文：水中长短不齐的荇菜，在船的左右挑选。文静美好的少女，我敲击着钟鼓使你快乐。,这四句反复叠唱：描写姑娘在水边一左一右采摘、捞取荇菜，就眼前之景起兴。,这两句设想与女子结婚时鼓乐齐鸣的欢乐场面，表现男子的强烈愿望。,诗人思想感情变化的过程：,渴望与追求,欢聚和成亲,忧思与烦恼,幻想,受挫,关,雎,第一章：爱慕,第二章：思念,第三章：愿望,追求爱情,窈窕淑女,君子好逑,寤寐思服,辗转反侧,琴瑟友之,钟鼓乐之,结构梳理,联想到爱情真诚（起兴）,苦闷与焦灼（实写）,和谐与欢乐（虚写）,关雎,写一个男子对女子的思念、追求的过程，写求之不得的焦虑和幻想求而得之的喜悦，,反映了古代劳动人民对美好爱情的向往和执着的追求,。,主旨概括,1.,双声叠韵。,用双声叠韵的联绵词来增强诗歌音调的和谐美和描写人物的生动性。如“窈窕”，是叠韵；“参差”，是双声；“辗转”，既是双声又是叠韵。用各类词语修饰动作，如“辗转反侧”；摹拟形象，如“窈窕淑女”；描写景物，如“参差荇菜”，无不活泼逼真、声情并茂。,写法借鉴,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,2.,偶句入韵。,这种偶韵式支配着两千多年来我国古典诗歌谐韵的形式，而且全篇三次换韵，又有虚字脚“之”字不入韵，而以虚字的前一字为韵。这种在用韵方面的参差变化，极大地增强了诗歌的节奏感和音乐美。,3.,起兴手法。,起兴，作为诗经中经常使用的一种表现手法，就是触景生情，因事寄兴。一般用于一首诗的开头，先用一两句话写一下周围景物，以引起下面的诗句。比如这首诗写雎鸠鸣叫，让人联想到男女欢爱，引出下文追求淑女的诗句。,蒹,葭,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,朗读课文：,蒹葭苍苍，白露为霜。所谓伊人，在水一方。 溯洄从之，道阻且长。 溯游从之，宛在水中央。,蒹葭萋萋，白露未晞。,所谓伊人，在水之湄。,溯洄从之，道阻且跻。,溯游从之，宛在水中坻。,蒹葭采采，白露未已。所谓伊人，在水之涘。 溯洄从之，道阻且右。 溯游从之，宛在水中沚。,蒹葭苍苍,，,白露为霜,。,所谓伊人,，,在水一方,。,蒹葭：芦苇。,白露为霜：白色的露水结成了霜。,所谓：所说的。,疏通文意：,苍苍：茂盛的样子。,伊人：那人，指所爱的人。,在水一方：在水的另一边，指对岸。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,译文：,大片的芦苇青苍苍，清晨的露水变成霜。我所怀念的心上人啊，她就站在对岸河边上。,这几句营造了怎样的氛围？抒发了什么感情？,开头以“蒹葭苍苍，白露为霜”起兴，描绘了一幅露凝霜结的凄清的晚秋图。从物象与色泽上点明了时间和环境，为全诗渲染了凄清、惆怅的气氛，抒发了主人公孤寂彷徨、幽思百结的心绪。,溯洄从之,，道,阻,且长。,溯游,从之，,宛,在水中央。,溯洄从之：逆流而上去追寻。溯洄，逆流而上。,洄，逆流。从，跟随、追寻。,阻：艰险。,溯游：顺流而下。,宛：仿佛、好像。,“溯洄”“溯游”的连用，侧面刻画了主人公追求的一往情深与执著、内心的焦急与忧愁。,译文：,逆流而上去追寻她，道路艰险又漫长。顺流而下去追寻她，她好像就站在水的中央。,蒹葭,萋萋,，白露未,晞,。,所谓伊人，在水之,湄,。,萋萋：茂盛的样子。,晞：干。,湄：岸边，水与草相接的地方。,这四句表现了伊人难寻。,译文：,芦苇长得非常茂盛，清晨露水没有干。我所怀念的心上人啊，她就站在河的岸边。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,溯洄从之，,道阻且跻,。,溯游从之，宛在水中,坻,。,道阻且跻：路又险又高。阻，险。跻，高。,坻：水中的高地。,译文：,逆流而上去追寻她，道路艰险又难攀登。顺流而下去追寻她，她好像站在水中的高地上。,这几句描写河水苍茫浩渺、飘忽不定，虽然伊人可望不可即，但主人公并没有因此放弃，仍执著追求，这两句强烈地表现了主人公的相思之情。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,蒹葭,采采,，白露,未已,。所谓伊人，在水之,涘,。,采采：茂盛鲜明的样子。,未已：没有完，这里指还没有干。,译文：,芦苇长得非常茂盛，清晨的露水还没有完。我所怀念的心上人啊，她就站在河那边。,涘：水边。,溯洄从之，道阻且,右,。 溯游从之，宛在水中,沚,。,右：向右迂曲。,沚：水中的小块陆地。,译文：,逆流而上去追寻她，道路艰险又弯曲。顺流而下去追寻她，她好像站在水中的陆地上。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,“,蒹葭苍苍,”“,蒹葭萋萋,”“,蒹葭采采,”,重章叠句：采用重章叠句的手法，更显韵味绵长。一再“溯洄”“溯游”，几度寻踪求索，不避险阻，可谓情真意切。,蒹,葭,反复咏叹,在水一方,伊人难求,结构梳理,伊人,溯洄从之,道阻且长,溯游从之,宛在水中央,在水之湄,溯洄从之,道阻且跻,溯游从之,宛在水中坻,在水之涘,溯洄从之,道阻且右,溯游从之,宛在水中沚,蒹葭是一首情景相生的爱情诗。通过对实际情景的描写和对想象、幻想的描述，淋漓尽致地表达了,主人公对伊人可望不可即的苦恼和惆怅,。,主旨概括,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,1.,反复咏叹，凸显感情。,蒹葭三章采用重章叠句的形式，反复写“可望而不可即”的渴慕深情，但在重章复沓中景物有变化，感情也有发展，这样就显得富于变化而无呆滞之弊。诗篇语言质朴，接近于当时的口语，但于质朴中又有蕴味，使人深感其朴素之美。,写法借鉴,2.,虚实结合，想象丰富。,诗中实写蒹葭、小洲、河流等，而所谓“伊人”则是虚写。每章都是先写秋景，写路远难寻心上人，结尾却用“宛在”一转，似乎“她”就在前面，用想象描绘出了他对恋人的强烈思慕渴求之情。,关雎和蒹葭二者的风格和表现手法有何不同？,深入探究,关雎,一诗重在“叙事”，可以看出主人公从爱上“窈窕淑女”到追求她，追求不到又在幻想中得到她这样一条线索。,蒹葭,没有一个明确故事，只选一个场景。第二、三章是第一章的反复咏叹。凸显追寻的艰险和主人公的执著。,蒹葭,比,关雎,情感韵味更浓郁。,在艺术手法上，,蒹葭,比,关雎,“兴”的特点更突出。“蒹葭”“水”“伊人”交相辉映，浑然一体，用作比兴的事物与所要描绘的对象形成了一个完整的艺术世界。“朦胧”和“距离”正是这首诗的动人之处。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,拓展延伸,钱钟书和杨绛,1932年，钱钟书在清华园认识了无锡名门才女杨绛，一见钟情。第二年，钱钟书与杨绛便举办了订婚仪式。据说这个书生气十足的清华才子，在家里对杨绛关怀备至。钱钟书每天早起做早餐，这个习惯一直保持到老。在二十世纪的中国，钱钟书和杨绛是天造地设的绝配。胡河清曾赞叹：“钱钟书、,杨绛伉俪，可说是当代文学中的一双名剑。钱钟书如英气流动的雄剑，常常出匣自鸣，语惊天下；杨绛则如青光含藏的雌剑，大智若愚，不显刀刃。”在这样一个单纯温馨的学者家庭，两人过着“琴瑟和弦，鸾凤和鸣”的围城生活。钱钟书和杨绛晚年时期，爱女去世，钱钟书重病在床，杨绛悉心照顾,在旁，一个人默默撑起这个残缺的家。钱钟书去世后，杨绛悉心整理着他的书稿，依然坚守着他们的爱情，直至,2016,年,5,月,25,日离开人世。这对文坛伉俪的爱情，不仅有碧桃花下、新月如钩的浪漫，更有两人心有灵犀的默契与坚守。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,课后习题参考答案,一,诗经,多采用重章叠句的形式，即上下句或上下章基本相同，只是更换其中的几个字，造成回环往复的表达效果。选择本课中的一首诗，做具体分析。,诗经,章法形式的重要特征就是重章叠句、反复咏唱，也就是一首诗由若干章构成，章与章之间字句基本相同，只对应的变换少数字词，反复咏唱，重章复唱的形式，又称为叠咏体，是民歌中常用的样式。,这一方面因为民歌所要表达的情感是单纯而深挚的，只有重要的反复咏唱才能充分抒情达意；另一方面是因为民歌是口头传唱的，这种形式便于记忆和传诵。如“蒹葭苍苍，白露为霜。所谓伊人，在水一方。溯洄从之，道阻且长。溯游从之，宛在水中央。蒹葭萋萋，白露未晞。所谓伊人，在水之湄。溯洄从之，道阻且跻。溯游从之，宛在水中坻。”,二,诗经,经常使用比、兴手法。比，即比喻；兴，指先说别的事物，引出所吟咏的对象。诵读这两首诗，看看哪些诗句使用了比、兴手法，并举例分析。,比、兴是,诗经,的两种表现手法。比：以此喻彼地打比方，使抽象的事理具体化。兴：就是由此及彼，由物及情，触景生情。如,关雎,中用“关关雎鸠，在河之洲”，借眼前景以兴起下文的“窈窕淑女，君子好逑”。同时关雎和鸣，也比喻男女求偶或男女间和谐恩爱。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,三,蒹葭,一诗没有直接诉说主人公的思念之情，但其思念却绵远悠长；没有直接描写“伊人”，但其身影却无处不在。说说这首诗是怎样达到这种效果的。,所谓“蒹葭苍苍，白露为霜”“蒹葭凄凄，白露未晞”“蒹葭采采，白露未已”，刻画的是一片秋水岸边凄清的秋天景色，描绘了一幅秋苇苍苍、,白露茫茫、寒霜浓重的清凉景色，暗衬出诗人此时此景的心情，又暗寓了诗人此时困于愁思苦想之中的凄惋心境，这样写把暮秋特有的景色与人物委婉惆怅的相思感情交铸在一起，未道一声思念而思念之情全然展现。,“伊人”指诗人朝思暮想的意中人。眼前本来是秋景寂寂，秋水漫漫，什么也没有，可由于牵肠,挂肚的思念，他似乎遥遥望见意中人就在水的那一边，于是想去追寻她，以期欢聚。可她一会儿在岸边，一会在水中央，真是如同在幻景中、在梦境中。诗人坚信这是真实的，不惜一切努力和艰辛去追寻她，可望而不可及，似真不真，似假不假，因而她兀自在水边徘徊往复，神魂不安。一幅朦胧的意境，一种痴迷的心情，使整个诗篇蒙上了一片迷惘与感伤的情调。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,四,诗经,中的诗多是四字一句，两字一顿，各章还常常重复咏唱。朗读并背诵这两首诗，感受其节奏和韵律。,诗经,的句式，以四言为主，四句独立成章，其间杂有二言至八言不等。二节拍的四言句带有很强的节奏感，是构成,诗经,整齐韵律的基本单位。,四字句节奏鲜明而略显短促，重章叠句和双声叠韵读来又显得回环往复，节奏舒卷徐缓。,诗经,重章叠句的复沓结构，不仅便于围绕同一旋律反复咏唱，而且在意义表达和修辞上，也具有很好的效果。,五,下面是对,关雎,第一章的一种翻译，你喜欢吗？为什么？另选一章，试着翻译成白话诗。,雎鸠鸟关关合唱，在河心小小洲上。,好姑娘苗苗条条，哥儿想和她成双。,（余冠英,诗经选译,),状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,翻译：,追求姑娘未如愿，醒来梦里意常牵。,相思悠悠情无限，翻来覆去难成眠。,长短不齐荇菜鲜，采了左边采右边。,文静秀丽好姑娘，弹琴奏瑟亲无间。,长短不齐荇菜鲜，拣了左边拣右边。,文静秀丽好姑娘，敲钟打鼓使她欢。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,课后作业,1.,诵读这两首诗歌，体会诗歌的音律美。,2.,抄写这两首诗歌。,
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