普通化学分子和晶体结构补充课件

Chapter 6,分子结构与晶体结构,中国石油大学,化学化工学院,化学原理,Chemistry Principles,图5-2 氯化钠的晶体结构,sp,3,杂化,甲烷分子,乙烷分子(单键的性质),sp,2,杂化:,乙烯分子,sp杂化:,BeCl,2,直线型,BF,3,平面正三角,型,CH,4,正四面体,型,乙炔分子,sp,杂化,2,s,2,p,2,s,2,p,excited,hybridization,HBeH,Configuration of Be,in ground state,Hybrid,orbital,Formation of the covalent bonds,in BeH,2,sp,2,p,two,sp,hybrid orbital,sp,2,杂化,2,s,2,p,轨道,2,s,2,p,2,s,2,p,sp,2,three,sp,2,hybrid orbital,excited,hybridization,Formation of the covalent bonds,in BCl,3,Hybrid,orbital,Configuration of B,in ground state,2,p,2,s,2,s,2,p,sp,3,four,sp,3,hybrid orbital,sp,3,杂化,excited,hybridization,Formation of the covalent bonds,in CH,4,Hybrid orbital,Configuration of C,in ground state,NH,3,中,N,原子采取,sp,3,不等性杂化,sp,3,杂化,Valence bond,pictures of NH,3,Formation of the covalent,bonds in NH,3,Configuration of N,in ground state,Hybrid orbital,请大家注意：在各种杂化轨道中，还存在着,“不等性杂化”,，即杂化后的轨道中填充的有中心原子的孤电子对.这样我们就可以解释象水和氨这样的分子结构了.,H,2,O,中,O,原子采取,sp,3,不等性杂化,sp,3,杂化,Valence bond pictures of H,2,O,Formation of the covalent bonds in H,2,O,sp,3,Hybrid orbital,Configuration of O,in ground state,另外还存在,d,轨道参加的,s-p-d,杂化轨道.我们将在第8章讲述.,Side viem,Top viem,The six sp,3,d,2,hybrid orbitals and their octahedral geometry,Side viem,Top viem,sp,3,d,The six sp,3,d hybrid orbitals and their trigonal bipyramidal geometry,sp,3,d,2,