分词作状语.pp张道云

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,分词作状语,职教基本版第三册unit10,修水职业中专综合部 张道云,2011年12月18日,一 现在分词作状语 分词和主语之间是主动的关系,分词作状语有两种情况,:,一。现在分词作状语 分词和主语之间是主动关系,二。过去分词作状语 分词和主语之间是被动关系,现在在分词作状语：,可以表示条件、时间、原因、方式、伴随、结果、让步等，相当于一个状语从句,1.表条件，相当于条件状语从句,a Working hard,you will succeed.=If you work hard,you will succeed.努力工作，你就会成功。b Standing on the building,you can see the whole city.=If you stand on the building,you can see the whole city.站在那座楼上，你会看到整个城市。,2.表时间，相当于时间状语从句,a Walking along the street one day,sha saw a little girl running up to her.(=when she was walking along the street one day.)有一天当她正沿着大街向前走时，她看见一个小女孩朝她跑了过来。,b While crossing the street,you must be careful.当你横过马路时，一定要小心。(=while you cross the street.),现在分词（短语）强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，前面可带when，while，after，before，since 等从属连词。如：a When visiting a strange city，I like to have a guide-book with me.游览陌生城市时，我喜欢随身带着导游手册。b While flying over the Channel，the pilot saw what he thought to be a meteorite.飞过英吉利海峡时，驾驶员认为他看见了一颗陨星。,3.表原因，相当于原因状语从句,a Having no place to go to,the man wandered about in the street.=Because he had no place to go,theman wandered about in the street.由于没有要去的地方，那个男人只好在街上徘徊。,b Being ill,he didnt go to school yesterday.他由于病了，昨天就没有去上学。?(=Because he was ill)c Living in the country，we had few social engagements.(=Because we were living in the country)我们住在乡村，交际的机会很少。,4。表方式，相当于方式状语从句,a,Mary stood at the school gate wating for Betty.=Mary stood at the school gate and waited for Betty 玛丽站在校门口等贝蒂。,.b She looked out of the window，as though thinking=She looked out of the window,as though she was thinking.她向窗外望去，似乎在思考。,5.表伴随状语，相当于and 连接的并列句,a His wife came into the house carrying a bundle of clothes=His wife came into the house and carried a boudle of clothes.他妻子拿着一包衣服走进屋内。b Raymond entered college at the age of eighteen，graduating four years later at the head of his class.=Raymond entered college at the age of eighteen and graduated at the head of his class.雷蒙德18岁上大学，4年之后毕业时名列前茅。,6.表结果状语，相当于and连接的并列句,a Jane fell off the bike，cutting her leg=Jane fell off the bike,and cut her leg.简从自行车上摔下，划破了腿。It rained heavily，causing b b severe flooding in that country.=It rained heavily and caused severe flooding in the country.大雨滂沱，造成了那个国家洪水泛滥。,7.表让步状语，相当于让步状语从句,a Although living miles away，he got around to visiting her.=Alough he lived miles away,he got around to visiting her.尽管住在几英里以外，他还是去看她了。b While not being optimistic，I have not given up all hope.=While I am not optimistic,I have not given up all hope.虽然不乐观，但是我还没有放弃一切希望。,过去分词作状语，表示被动或完成，分词和句子主语之间是被动关系或表示动作已完成,一、过去分词作状语时的功能及位置,1.过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者，即过去分词表示的动作不是句子的主语发出的；过去分词与主语之间是动宾关系，即被动关系。如：,Although built thirty years ago,the house looks very beautiful.尽管这座房子是30年前被建造的，它看起来依然很漂亮。,.,过去分词短语作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。如：,Given more time,he can do it better.如果他被给予更多的时间，他就能把它做得更好。,二、与状语从句的转换,过去分词短语作时间状语，可转换为,when,while,或,after,等引导的时间状语从句 如：,Seen from the top of the hill,the park looks more,beautiful.When,it is seen from the top of the hill,the park looks more beautiful.,从山上往下看，这座公园看起来更加漂亮。,2.作条件状语，可转换为if,once或unless等引导的状语从句。如；,United，we will stand;divided，we will fail.If we are united,we will stand;if we are divided,we will fail.团结就是胜利；分裂必然失败。,3.作原因状语，可转换为as,since或because等引导的状语从句。如：,Encouraged by the progress he has made,he works harder.As he is encouraged by the progress he has made,he works harder.由于受到所取得成绩的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。,4.作让步状语，可转换为although,though或even if等引导的状语从句。如：,Although exhausted by the climb,we continued our journey.Although we were exhausted by the climb,we continued our journey.我们虽然爬得很累，但我们仍然继续我们的旅程。,.,5.作方式状语，如有连词as if，就转换为as if引导的方式状语从句；若无连词，则转换为并列结构。如：,He began to cry as if bitten by a snake.He began to cry as if he was bitten by a snake.他大叫起来，好像被蛇咬了。,6.作伴随状语，一般转换为并列结构。如：,Aunt Wu came in,followed by her daughter.Aunt Wu came in,and(she)was followed by her daughter.吴大娘走进来，（她）后面跟着她的女儿。,(,)1._ more attention,the tree could have grown better.(90全国)A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given.()2.The computer center,_ last year,is very popular among the students in this school(93全国)A.open B.opening C.having opened D.opened()3.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.(94全国)A.having written B.to be written C.being written D.written,分词作状语练习题,(),4._ is thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.(96全国)A.Losing B.Having lost C.Lost D.To lose,(),()5_ time,hell make a first-class tennis player.(2003北京春),Having given B.To giveC.Giving,D.Given,()6No matter how frequently _,the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.(2006广东卷),A.performedB.performing,C.to be performed D.being performed,()7Dont sit there _ nothing.Come and help me with this table.(2006湖北卷),do B.to do C.doing D.and doing,()8 My cousin came to see me from the country,_ me a full basket of fresh fruits,.,(2006,安徽卷,),A,.,broughtB,.,bringingC,.,to bringD,.,had brought,()9,Whenever he was asked why he was