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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,语法复习,-,句子成分,词类,名词,代词,形容词,副词,动词,数词,连词,介词,冠词,感叹词,China;pencil;salt;power,they;itself;that;who;any,beautiful;round;exciting,quite;luckily;almost;very,buy;die;have;will;must;be,one;first;ten;tenth,and;but;while;because;after,at;in;with;by;on;for;of,an;a;the,Oh;ouch;aha,词类,短语,句子成分,主语,谓语,宾语,表语,补语,定语,状语,同位语,独立成分,修饰成分,句子,按结构,简单句,并列句,复合句,按功能,陈述句,疑问句,祈使句,感叹句,基本句型,(get up;so that;look for),一、句子成分,（一）句子成分的定义：,构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。,句子成分详解表,句子成分,意义,充当词类,例句,主语,表示句子说的是什么人或什么,事,名，代，数，不定,式，动名词，短语或,句子,We study in Zhucheng No.1 Middle School.,谓语,说明主语做什么，是什么或怎,么样,动词或动词词组,She is dancing under the tree.,宾语,表示动作行为的对象,同主语,Both of us like English.,表语,与联系动词连用，一起构成谓,语，说明主语的性质或特征,同主语,Her father is a chemist.,His words sound reasonable.,定语,用来修饰名词或代词,形，代，数，名,副，介词短语或句子,We have eight lessons every day.,状语,修饰动词，形容词，副词，表,示动作发生的时间，地点，原,因，目的，方式，结果等,副词，介词短语或句,子,He works very hard.,They held a party in Hollywood.,宾语,补足语,逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系,形容词，名词，介词,短语等,She always keeps the house,clean.,主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！,（二）主语：,主语,(Subject),是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在,there be,结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：,1.During the 1990s,American country music has become more and more popular.,2.We often speak English in class.,3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.,4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.,5.Smoking does harm to the health.,6.The rich should help the poor.,（名词）,（代词）,（数词）,（不定式）,（动名词）,（名词化的形容词）,7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.,8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.,（主语从句）,（,it,作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）,（三）谓语,谓语,(Predicate),说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：,1,、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：,He practices running every morning.,The plane took off at ten oclock.,2,、复合谓语：,（,1,）,由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：,You may keep the book for two weeks.,He has caught a bad cold.,（,2,）由系动词加表语构成。如：,We are students.,注意：,谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。,（四）表语,表语,(Predicative),用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它,位于系动词,（如,be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem,等）,之后,。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如：,1.Our teacher of English is an,American,.,（名词）,2.Is it,yours,?,（代词）,3.The weather has turned,cold,.,（形容词）,4.The speech is,exciting.,（分词）,5.Three times seven is,twenty one,?,（数词）,6.His job is,to teach English,.,（不定式）,7.His hobby is,playing football,.,（动名词）,8.The meeting is,of great importance,.,（介词短语）,9.Time is,up,.The class is,over,.,（副词）,10.The truth is,that he has never been abroad,.,（表语从句）,注意：系动词（,Linking verb),用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。,1,）,状态系动词,用来表示主语状态，只有,be,一词，例如：,He,is,a teacher.,2,）,持续系动词,用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有,keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如：,He always,kept,silent at meeting.,3,）,表像系动词,用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有,seem,appear,look,例如：,He,seems,(to be)very sad.,注意：系动词（,Linking verb),用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。,4,）,感官系动词,主要有,feel,smell,sound,taste,例如：,This kind of cloth,feels,very soft.,5,）,变化系动词,表示主语变成什么样，主要有,become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run,.,例如：,He,became,mad after that.,6,）,终止系动词,表示主语已终止动作，主要有,prove,turn out,表达,证实,，,变成,之意，例如：,The rumor,proved,false.,His plan,turned out,a success.,（五）宾语,宾语（,Object,）表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：,1.They went to see an exhibition yesterday.,2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.,3.How many dictionaries do you have?I have five.,（名词）,（代词、动名词）,（名词、数词）,4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.,5.He pretended not to see me.,6.I enjoy listening to popular music.,7.I think,（,that,）,he is fit for his office.,（名词化形容词，名词）,（不定式短语,）,（动名词短语）,（宾语从句）,宾语种类,：,（,1,）双宾语,【,间接宾语（人）,+,直接宾语（物）,】,，例如：,Lend,me your dictionary,please.,To:write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,read,tell,bring,throw,等，例如：,He sent the novel,to,William yesterday.,For:leave,buy,build,choose,cook,draw,find,get,order,post,save,等，例如：,She bought a gift,for,her mother.,（,2,）复合宾语（宾语,+,宾补），例如：,They elected,him their monitor,.,下列动词只能接不定式做宾语,ask,agree,care,choose,demand,dare,decide,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,desire,等，如：,He refused,to lend me his bike.,下列动词只能接动名词做宾语,admit,avoid,advise,consider,enjoy,excuse,escape,finish,imagine,mind,practise,suggest,等，如：,John has admitted,breaking the window,.,下列动词既可接不定式，也可接动名词做宾语，但意义不同，如,stop,mean,try,remember,forget,regret,等。,（六）宾语补足语,英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语（,Object Complement,），才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如,make,等,)+,宾语,+,宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：,1.His father named him Dongming.,2.They painted their boat white.,3.Let the fresh air in.,4.You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.,5.We saw her entering the room.,6.We found everything in the lab in good order.,7.We will soon make our city what your city is now.,（名词）,（形容词）,（副词）,（不定式短语）,（现在分词）,（介词短语）,（从句）,（七）定语,修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语,(Attribute),。定语可由以下等成分表示：,1.Guilin is a,beautiful,city.,（形容词,）,2.China is a,developing,country;America is a,developed,country.,（分词,）,3.There are thirty,women,teachers in our school.,（名词）,4.His,rapid
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