过去完成时讲解

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Past perfective,FORM,had+past participle,USE 1,Completed,Action Before Something in the Past,use,Eg.I had written the article when they came,The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past.It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past.,When she opened the till(抽屉),he snatched(夺走)all the money out of it.,If a action last for a short time followed by another action like this,they should both use simple past。,use2,we use the Past Perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past，and have the possibility to continue,Eg.We,had had,that car for ten years before it broke down.,use3,Used in some structures indicating subjective intention which is contrary to the fact in the past.,1.Used in the clause guided by the words like if，if only，as if and so on,eg I felt as if I had known her all my life.,2.Used in the that-clause after the structure like“I wish“,I would rather.,Eg I wish I had said that I could not come.,3.Used with some verbs like“expect,think,intend,want,suppose and so on to indicate the hope,intention,purpose that were not achieved in the pasteg.I had intended to make a cake,but I ran out of time.,Use4,used with time conjuctions,like after,before,when ,until and so on.,1.Used with the events taking place successively，they usually be interchangeable.,Eg，when I reached the station,the train had already left.,I reached the station after the train had left.,2.Before,aftercan show the sequence of the action themselves，so we can use simple past in the clause and the main clause,eg，The train(had)left before I reached the station.,But the past perfective used in the temporal adverbial clause guided by before emphasize the action which was not achieved or finished.,eg，He arrived before I had finished my lunch.,(My lunch was not finished,when he arrived.),3.In the temporal adverbial clause guided by“by the time,we should use past perfective in the clause and the main clause.,eg,By the time I(had)recovered from the shocks,had disapeared.,