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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,Unit1 The Owners Perspective(,业主愿景,),1.1 The Project Life Cycle,（项目生命周期）,第,1,段：,1,句：,The acquisition of a constructed facility usually represents a major capital investment,whether its owner happens to be an individual,a private corporation or a public agency.,Constructed facility,建筑设施,Capital investment,资本投资,Private corporation,私人企业,Public agency,公共机构,建筑设施的获得通常表示,一个重大的资本投资，无论,业主（,恰好,）,是个人，私人公司或公共机构。,1,2,句：,Since the commitment of resources for such an investment is motivated by market demands or perceived needs,the facility is expected to satisfy certain objectives within the constraints specified by the owner and relevant regulations.,Commitment,已承担的开支；约束,Market demands,市场需求,Perceived needs,感知需要,由于,该投资的资源投入受市场需求和感知需要的驱动（激励），所以建筑设施应在其业主和相关规定的约束条件内满足特定的目标。,2,3,句：,With the exception of the speculative housing market,where the residential units may be sold as built by the real estate developer,most constructed facilities are custom made in consultation with the owners.,With the exception of,除了,Speculative housing market,投机性住宅市场,Real estate developer,房地产开发商,In consultation with,与,协商,除了投机性住宅市场的住宅单元由负责建造的房地产开发商销售之外，大多数的建筑设施都是在与业主协商一致的基础上定制的。,4,句：,A real estate developer may be regarded as the sponsor of building projects,as much as a government agency may be the sponsor of a public project and turns it over to another government unit upon its completion.,Sponsor,赞助商、发起方、主办方,Building project,建设项目,Government agency,政府机构,Public project,公共项目,房地产开发商可能会被,认,为,是建设项目的发起方，,政府机构,也,可能是公共项目,的发起方，待公共项目完工后转交给另一政府单位,。,4,5,句：,From the viewpoint of project management,the terms owner and sponsor are synonymous because both have the ultimate authority to make all important decisions.,Synonymous,同义的,Ultimate,最终的、最大的、基本的,从项目管理的角度,看,，,“,业主,”,和,“,发起方,”,是,同义的,，因为两者的,基本,权力,是制定所有重大决策。,6,句：,Since an owner is essentially acquiring a facility on a promise in some form of agreement,it will be wise for any owner to have a clear understanding of the acquisition process in order to maintain firm control of the quality,timeliness and cost of the completed facility.,Some form of agreement,某种形式的合约,Acquisition process,采购过程,Firm control,有力控制,Timeliness,工期,由于业主实质上是以某种形式的合约为保证来基本获得一项建筑产品（设施）的，那么为了保证对完工产品的质量、工期和成本的有力控制，对于任何业主来说，他们应当对项目的采购过程有一个清晰的理解。,6,第二段：,1,句：,From the perspective of an owner,the project life cycle for a constructed facility may be illustrated schematically in Figure 1-1.,从业主的角度来看，建设项目的项目生命周期可用图,1-1,表示。,2,句：,Essentially,a project is conceived to meet market demands or needs in a timely fashion.,Market demands and needs,市场需求,In a timely fashion,及时,从本质上讲，一个项目试图及时满足市场需求。,3,句：,Various possibilities may be considered in the conceptual planning stage,and the technological and economic feasibility of each alternative will be assessed and compared in order to select the best possible project.,Conceptual planning stage,概念规划阶段,Feasibility,（,study,）可行性（研究）,Alternative,备选方案,The best possible project,最优方案,在项目规划阶段，很多不同的可能方案都可能被考虑，,同时每一个备选方案的技术和技术可行性都经过评估和比较，以选出最优方案。,8,4,句：,The financing schemes for the proposed alternatives must also be examined,and the project will be programmed with respect to the timing for its completion and for available cash flows.,Financing schemes,财务计划,The proposed alternatives,已有备选方案,With respect to,关于、至于、相对于,Cash flows,现金流,我们还需检验备选方案的财务计划，同时按照项目完工期限和可用现金流来安排项目的进度计划。,9,5,句：,After the scope of the project is clearly defined,detailed engineering design will provide the blueprint for construction,and the definitive cost estimate will serve as the baseline for cost control.,Blueprint for construction,建设蓝图,Cost estimate,成本估计,项目范围,界定后,，详细的工程设计将提供建设蓝图，最终费用估计将作为控制成本的基准。,6,句：,In the procurement and construction stage,the delivery of materials and the erection of the project on site must be carefully planned and controlled.,the delivery of materials,提供的材料,the erection of the project on site,项目现场架设,在采购和施工阶段，提供的材料和项目现场架设必须是经过精心策划和控制的。,7,句：,After the construction is completed,there is usually a brief period of start-up or shake-down of the constructed facility when it is first occupied.,施工完毕后，当建筑设施首先使用时，通常有一个短暂的启动期或动荡期。,11,8,句：,Finally,the management of the facility is turned over to the owner for full occupancy until the facility lives out its useful life and is designated for demolition or conversion.,In turned over to,被移交给,Conversion,转作他用,最后，设施的管理将移交给业主全权使用（和管理），直至其使用期结束，或者拆除，或者转作他用。,3,段,1,句：,Of course,the stages of development in Figure 1-1 may not be strictly sequential.,当然，图,1-1,开发的阶段可能没有严格次序。,2,句：,Some of the stages require iteration,and others may be carried out in parallel or with overlapping time frames,depending on the nature,size and urgency of the project.,Iteration,反复（,iterate,）,Parallel,平行,Overlapping,重复、符合、交搭,Time frame,时间框架,一段时间,某些阶段可以重复，同时也可以和其他阶段平行或搭接进行，这一切取决于项目的特点、规模和紧迫性。,13,3,句：,Furthermore,an owner may have in-house capacities to handle the work in every stage of the entire process,or it may seek professional advice and services for the work in all stages.,in-house cap
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