简单句五大基本句型

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,简单句,的基本句型,1,英语句子的种类,(,按结构）,简单句,(simple sentence),并列句,(compound sentence),复合句,(complex sentence),2,主语,谓语,宾语,宾语,宾补,表语,宾语,(,间,),宾语,(,直,),Vt,（,及物动词,）,系动词,Vi,（,不及物动词,）,英语句子基本成分示意图,简单句（,Simple Sentences,）,就是只包含,一个主谓结构,的句子,英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由简单句的五种基本句型,组合、扩展、变化,而来的,只要把这些基本句型弄清楚,你就会游刃有余了,3,2.A crane eats fish.,3.A Swan has a long thin neck.,4.A swallow has a forked tail.,1.A golden eagle is flying.,Subject,(,主语,),S,动作发出者,Verb,（谓语）,V,动作本身,Direct Object,（宾语）,DO,动作承受者,1.,S+V,主语,+,谓语 主谓结构,2.,S+V+O,主语,+,谓语,+,宾语,Vi,不及物动词,后面没有宾语,Vt,及物动词,后面必须有宾语,4,SV,和,SVO,的注意点,1.They are running.,2.Jim can draw.,3.The baby pandas drink,milk.,4.We will read,English.,run draw vi,.(,不及物 动词）,drink read,vt.,（,及物动词）,注意,:,1.,谓语,(,V,),具有各种不同时态,;,进行时；情态动词；现在时；以及将来时,2.,在句中先找主语,subject,再找谓语部分,如是不及物动词，其后不能直接加宾语,如是及物动词，其后必须有宾语。,其后有没有宾语是,S+V,和,S+V+O,判断标志,3.,如果对宾语提问使用疑问词,what.,1.,S+V,1.,S+V+O,What do the baby pandas drink?,What will we read?,5,动词,+to do:learn/prepare/would like/need/have/,try/want/hope/plan/agree/choose/decide,这就是我们常见的 动词,+to do,句型,动词,+doing sth:,mind/finish/practise,这就是我们常见的 动词,+doing,句型,动词,+,宾语从句,:think/believe/,be sure/be afraid,/say/,know/,find,The government wants to protect the endangered birds.,S,V,O,I will finish doing homework soon.,S,V,O,I think that you can do the job.,S,V,O,6,I like the golden eagle.,It has a hooked beak.,It looks strong.,It is lovely.,S,S,S,S,V,V,linking verbs,(,系动词,),DO,DO,P,（表语,),Predicative,V,1.,S+V(lv)+P,主语,+,谓语,(,系动词,)+,表语,系动词,表语,表语,:,表示,主语,是什么,(,身份,),或者,怎么样,(,处于什么状态,),be(am is are was were)/seem/keep/,是,/,好象,(,似乎,),是,/,保持,look/feel/taste/smell/sound,/,看,/,感觉,/,尝,/,闻,/,听起来,(,上去,),become/turn/get/grow,/,变得,7,常见的连系动词,1.,表示,感觉,的动词,5,个,-,翻译为,起来,feel,感到,excited;,smell,good;,taste,delicious;,sound,interesting;,look,happy,2.,表示,变化,的动词：有固定的搭配,get,smaller;,grow,older;,become,stronger;,turn,yellow;,go,bad;,come,true,3.,表示,状态保持,的动词：,stay,healthy;,keep,warm;,remain,保持,be(,am,is.are,was,were),是 ；,seem,似乎,必须是这三类专门的词，而且必须表达这个特殊的含义时才是系动词。,8,1 The man is in the park.,2 He looks kind.,3 He is a kind man.,4 The singing of birds sounds beautiful.,5 The world will become better.,lv,lv,lv,lv,lv,P,（介词短语）,P,（,adj,）,P(adj),P,（,n,名词短语）,P(adj,形容词比较级,),表语,P,成分可以是,形容词，名词，介词短语,(,形名介,),9,She often laughs.,2.She,is,laughing,now.,3.She will laugh soon.,4.She is singing happily.,She is singing a song.,She is a singer.She is happy.,(S+,V,+O),(S+,V,),(,S+,V,),(,S+,V,),(S+,V,),区分进行时态和,SVP,中,lv,是,Be,动词的情况,注意,:,1,现在进行时,的谓语与主,系表结构,有区别,:,关键要看,be,动词后接的是,实义动词,ing,形式,还是,表语,(,形名介,).,(S+,V,+P),Happily adv,修饰动词,sing vi,A song,是名词做宾语,sing vt,a singer,名词表语,happy,形容词表语,一般现在时,现在进行时,一般将来时,谓语,(,V,),具有各种不同时态,10,We call the man David.,a zookeeper,S,V,DO,OC,(,宾补,),Object Complement,S,V,DO,OC,S,V,DO,OC,I make him angry.,He tells us to protect the birds,David,S+V+DO+OC,主,+,谓,+,宾,+,宾补,11,We call,the man,David,DO,OC,1,仅仅使用主谓宾无法说明完整句意,必须添加补足语补充说明宾语情况,判断标准是在,DO,和,OC,中间可否加,be,动词,S+V+DO+OC,主,+,谓,+,宾,+,宾补句型,the man,is,就是是否存在逻辑上的主系表关系,David,此处为 名词宾补,可接名词宾补的动词有,call/elect/name/find,12,I make,him,angry,DO,OC,1,仅仅使用主谓宾无法说明完整句意,必须添加补足语补充说明宾语情况,判断标准是在,DO,和,OC,中间可否加,be,动词,主,+,谓,+,宾,+,宾补句型 简称 主谓宾补,He,is,就是是否存在,逻辑上的主系表关系,此处为 形容词宾补,可接 形容词宾补的动词有,keep/make/find,13,We often find,him,in the zoo,DO,OC,1,仅仅使用主谓宾无法说明完整句意,必须添加补足语补充说明宾语情况,判断标准是在,DO,和,OC,中间可否加,be,动词,主,+,谓,+,宾,+,宾补句型 简称 主谓宾补,He,is,就是是否存在,逻辑上的主系表关系,此处为 介短宾补,可接 介短宾补的动词有,keep/see/notice/find,14,He tells,us,to protect the birds,DO,OC,1,仅仅使用主谓宾无法说明完整句意,必须添加补足语补充说明宾语情况,就是我们常见的,动词,+sb+to do,词组,主,+,谓,+,宾,+,宾补句型 简称 主谓宾补,此处为 带,to,的动词不定式做宾补,15,He tells us to protect the birds.,常见的可接,带,to,不定式,宾补的动词有：,tell,ask,want,would like,wish,teach,invite,V+O +OC(V sb to do sth),My deskmate often makes me laugh.,常见的可接,不带,to,不定式,当宾补的动词有：,一感二听三让五看”,feel,/hear,listen to,/let,make,have,/look at,see,watch,notice,observe,V+O +OC(V sb do sth),He keeps me waiting.,常见的可接,动词,-ing,形式,作宾补的动词有：,Keep,和,see,hear,feel,watch,find,V+O +OC(V sb doing sth),16,I often hear David _ when I stay at home,but yesterday I was very angry because I heard him _ in his room at midnight.,A sing;sang B singing;singing,C sing;singing D sing;sing,C,感官类动词用动词原形和动词,-ing,形式做宾补 含义不同,17,He spoke loudly to make himself heard.,常见的可接,动词,-ed,形式,作宾补的动词有：,Have,make,get,see,hear,feel,watch,find,V+O +OC(V sb done),Can you hear someone,playing basketball,next door?,He came home at midnight and found his money,stolen,.,V sb done,V sb doing sth,18,1 I find you clever.,2 We will make our country stronger and stronger.,3 They can keep the zoo clean.,4 Parents wish their children to study hard.,5 We often make the teachers help us.,DO,DO,DO,DO,DO,OC(adj),OC,形容词 比较级,OC adj,OC to do,不定式,OC,动词原形,常考的主谓宾补句型：,19,一个非常特殊的句型,I found it interesing to learn English.,S,V,DO,OC,DO,形式宾语,真正宾语,动词（,make/feel/find/consider/think)+it+,宾补,+,真正宾语,I,felt it useful to learn English.,20,we shouldnt give any food.,the birds,S,V,DO,（直接宾语,)Direct object,IO,(,间接宾语,),Indirect Object,He tells me some rules.,IO,V,S,DO,sb.,Sth.,S+V+IO+DO,主,+,谓,+,间宾,+,直宾句型,21,I pass,He bought,him,a book,hi