7生产企业项目管理基础

,*,Click to edit Master title style,按一下以編輯母片,第二層,第三層,第四層,Project Management Workshop,项目管理讲座,Morning,Workshop Objectives,讲座目标,在培训的结束时,，,，参与者将能够,:,At theend ofthe training,participants will beable to:,描述项目管理与,综,综合管理上的不,同,同,Describe the difference between project management and generalmanagement,定义项目以及项,目,目的生命周期,DefineProjectand Project Life Cycle,理解项目,领导者,在这个项目中,的,的所处的角色,和,和承担的责任,Explain therolesand responsibilities ofthe projectleader,列出管理一个,项,项目的关键的,成,成功因素,List the criticalsuccess factors for managing aproject,区分不同类型,的,的项目规划和,项,项目规划步骤,Identify thedifferent types of project planningand planning processes,利用项目管理,软,软件和技巧来,管,管控预算和进,程,程,Control budgets and schedulesby using project management tools and techniques,为突发事件及,意,意外状况制定,一,一个风险管理,计,计划,Develop a risk management planfor contingency,CourseContent,课程内容,Definition of Projects,项目的定义,Difference betweenProject andGeneral,Management,项目和一般管,理,理的区别,Project ManagementProcess项目管理的步,骤,骤,Investment Appraisal投资评估,Project LifeCycle,项,项目生命周期,Definition,定义,What is a Project?,什么是项目？,Definition,定义,A Planned Undertaking,一个计划好的,事,事业,Definition,定义,The application ofknowledge,skills,tools,andtechniquesto project activities inorderto meet orexceedstakeholderneedsand expectationsfrom aproject,while dealingwith constraints onbudget,time,resourcesandtechnologies,.,在预算费用，,时,时间，资源和,技,技术有限的条,件,件下为了达到,或,或超过相关人,员,员对项目的要,求,求和期待对知,识,识，技能，工,具,具，技术等的,应,应用。（即在,一,一定时间内，,满,满足一系列特,定,定目标的多项,相,相关工作的总,称,称。）,Project Similarities,项目的相同点,DefineGoal,制定目标,Definite Time制定时间,Resource Budget,资源预算,Project Differences,项目的不同点,Scale,规模,Technical Complexity技术复杂度,Technological Uncertainty技术不确定性,What are theDifferences?,Project Management,项,项目管理,General Mangement,综,综合管理,VS.,Project vs.General Management,项目管理,V.S,综合管理,Nature,性质,Focus关,注,注点,Team Structure组织架构,Measure of Success,成,成功的衡量标,准,准,Investment Appraisal,投资评估,ConventionalMethod,常规方法,The PaybackMethod,回收期法，偿,付,付方法,The AverageRate of Return Method,平均回收比率,法,法,DiscountingMethod,折现法,The Net Present Value(NPV),净现值,The InternalRateof Return(IRR)内部收益率,Project Planning,项目规划,Example 举例说明,The PaybackMethod,回收期法,Time taken to payback the initial cost ofthe project,收回最初成本,所,所用的时间,For projectsthatearn the same amount ofnet proceedseachyear,假设项目每年,赚,赚的净收入是,相,相同的,initial cost,最初成本,=,net proceeds,纯收入,Drawback,缺点,Takesno account of the,earning after thepayback period for,the full life of the project,在整个项目中,不,不考虑回收期,后,后的盈利,Timingis ignored,时间的安排被,忽,忽略,The PaybackMethod,回收期法,Suitable forinvestmentprojects that,适合投资的项,目,目有,the cost islow and theproject is completed ina short time,投资少，周期,短,短,the investment isproductive as soonas the initial cost isincurred一旦有初,期,期成本投入就,有,有高效的投资,回,回报,the net proceeds are easily determined.有很确,定,定的纯盈利,The AverageRate of Return Method,平均收益率法,The highestaverage rateof return is consideredto bethe most profitable,最,高,高,的,的,平,平,均,均,收,收,益,益,率,率,被,被,认,认,为,为,是,是,最,最,盈,盈,利,利,的,的,G,ross,Life of,proceeds /investment,=x 100%,Initial cash investment,总销售收入,/,投资期限,=x 100%,初期现金投入,Depreciation,isallowedforinthecalculationbyusingtheformula,折,旧,旧,率,率,也,也,可,可,以,以,加,加,到,到,在,在,这,这,个,个,公,公,式,式,里,里,计,计,算,算,Average annual Average annual,proceeds,depreciation,=x 100%,Initial cash investment,Average annual,年平均收入,年平均,折旧,=,x 100%,初期现金投入,TheAverageRateofReturnMethod,平,均,均,收,收,益,益,率,率,法,法,Drawback,缺点:,Comparable results can onlybe obtained when thelife spans ofthe projects are thesame,只有相,同,同寿命,期,期限的,项,项目才,能,能比较,TheAverageRate of ReturnMethod,平均收,益,益率法,NetPresentValueMethod(NPV),净现值,法,法,Discountsthe expected futureproceedsfrom aprojecttothepresentvalueofthoseincomes,从项目,当,当前收,入,入的现,值,值中折,扣,扣预期,的,的未来,收,收益,Ifthenet presentvalueofthe proceeds exceedsthe initialcost,the investmentwillbeprofitable,如果净,现,现值超,过,过了初,期,期投入,成,成本则,这,这个投,资,资是可,盈,盈利的,Discountingrate to be applied,折扣率,的,的应用,Current rateofinterest;or,当前利,率,率或者,Rate of interest thatcouldbeearned elsewhereifinternalfundsareusedtofinance theproject,为项目,=,折现现值,项目的初期,成,成本,(Discounted presentvalue),(,Initial cost oftheproject,),Internal Rate of Return Method(IRR),内部收益率,法,法,IRR,（财务内部,收,收益率）=Therateof interest that will reducethe proceeds from the projectto the originalcost项目在整个,计,计算期内各,年,年财务净现,金,金流量的现,值,值之和等于,零,零时的折现,率,率（也就是,使,使项目的财,务,务净现值等,于,于零时的折,现,现率）,Project isprofitable if,项目只有在,下,下列情况下,才,才是盈利的,It equateswitha reasonable returnon capital investedor at least ismorethanthecostof borrowing the funds tofinance the investment,只有当投入,资,资本能够合,理,理的回收或,者,者至少高于,借,借用于融资,的,的资本,If the proceedsfromtheinvestmentarenot regular,如果投入的,收,收益不稳定,the only way tofindtheinternal rate of return is bytrial,那么找到内,部,部收益率的,唯,唯一方法是,不,不断尝试摸,索,索,其他注意事,项,项Other Considerations,Sometimesdifficultto estimate thefuture incomefroman investment project,我们经常很,难,难去评估一,个,个投资项目,的,的未来收入,Quantifying theamount bywhich revenuewillbe raisedmay be extremely difficult,确定盈利的,额,额度是更加,困,困难的事情,Difficultto quantify theriskelement,很难去确定,风,风险因素的,数,数量,Unforeseencircumstancesmay invalidatethe appraisal,无法预料到,的,的情况也许,会,会使你的评,估,估作废,e.g.inflation,比如说通,货,货膨胀,Thelifeoftheprojectmayhavebeen w