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Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Solubility,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,SUMMER TEMPLATE,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,171 The Common Ion Effect171同离子效应,171 The Common Ion Effect171同离子效应171 The Common Ion Effect171同离子效应Saturated Solutions1.Cannot dissolve any more solute,2.Contain undissolved solid,3.Ex:BaSO4,BaSO4(s)Ba2+(aq)+SO42-(aq),Ksp=Ba2+SO42-/BaSO4,Ksp=Ba2+SO42-23,Saturated Solutions,1.Cannot dissolve any more solute,2.Contain undissolved solid,3.Ex:BaSO,4,BaSO,4,(s),Ba,2+,(aq)+SO,4,2-,(aq),K,sp,=Ba,2+,SO,4,2-,/BaSO,4,K,sp,=Ba,2+,SO,4,2-,2,3,Examples:,Ca,3,(PO,4,),2,Calcium Carbonate,Chromium(III)Hydroxide,Discuss Magnitude of K,sp,Writing K,sp,4,1.NaCl has a solubility of 35.7 g/100 mL.What is the molar solubility and K,sp,?(Ans:6.10 M,37.2),2.CaCl,2,has a solubility of 74.5 g/100 mL.What is the molar solubility and K,sp,?(Ans:6.71 M,1.21 X 10,3,),K,sp,and Solubility,5,6,3.BaF,2,has a molar solubility of 0.0068 M.How many grams will dissolve in 600.0 mL?(Ans:0.72 grams),4.MgI,2,has a molar solubility of 5.32 M.How many grams will dissolve in 500.0 mL?(Ans:740.grams),K,sp,and Solubility,7,Calculating,K,sp,1.A saturated soln of AgCl is found to have an eq.concentration of Ag,+,1.35 X 10,-5,M.Calculate K,sp,.(Ans:1.82 X 10,-10,.),2.A saturated soln of MgF,2,is prepared.At eq.the concentration of Mg,2+,is measured to be 0.0012 M.Calculate K,sp,.(Ans:6.9 X 10,-9,),8,The solubility of Fe(OH),3,is 0.0079 g/L.,a.Calculate the molar solubility(7.4 X 10,-5,M),b.Calculate K,sp,?(Ans:8.1 X 10,-16,),c.Calculate how many grams will dissolve in 250 mL(0.0020 g),d.Explain whether you would you expect the freezing point of the solution to be higher,lower,or just about that of water.,e.List the proper name of the compound.,9,Calculating Solubility,7.The solubility of Al,2,(SO,4,),3,is 31.3 g/L.What is the K,sp,?(Ans:6.9 X 10,-4,),8.What is the solubility in g/100 mL of CaSO,4,if the K,sp,is 2.4 X 10,-5,?(Ans:0.067 g/100 mL),9.What is the solubility of CaF,2,in g/100 mL if the K,sp,is 3.9 X 10,-11,?(Ans:0.0016 g/100mL),10,Calculating Solubility,10.The K,sp,of Cu(N,3,),2,is 6.3 X 10,-10,.How many grams of Cu(N,3,),2,will dissolve in 500 mL?(Ans:0.0399 grams),Cu(N,3,),2,(s),Cu,2+,(aq)+2N,3,-,(aq),11,Common Ion Effect and Solubility,Common Ions decrease solubility,CaF,2,(s),Ca,2+,(aq)+2F,-,(aq),a)Add Ca,2+,(shifts to reactants),b)Add F,-,(shifts to reactants),“Real world”water samples are usually not pure,12,Hard Water,Contains high concentration of,Ca,2+,and Mg,2+,.,a)Comes from minerals,b)CaCO,3,buildup,CaCO,3,(s),Ca,2+,(aq)+CO,3,2-,(aq),c)Does not lather well,Common Ion Effect and Solubility,13,Common Ion Effect and Solubility,14,Soft Water,Few minerals,Often lathers too well,Mg,2+,and Ca,2+,replaced by Na,+,Sulfur Water,Contains high concs.Of SO,4,2-,and SO,3,2-,(turn to H,2,S),Common Ion Effect and Solubility,15,1.Calculate the molar solubility of CaF,2,in a solution that is 0.010 M Ca(NO,3,),2,.(Ans:3.1 X 10,-5,M.),2.Calculate the molar solubility of CaF,2,in a solution that is 0.010 M NaF.(Ans:3.9 X 10,-7,M.),Common Ion Effect and Solubility,16,What is the molar solubility of Mn(OH),2,in 0.020 M NaOH?(Ans:4.0 X 10,-10,),17,Applications,U(OH),3,CaCO,3,buildup,FePO,4,and water(can get PO,4,from soda),Common Ion Effect and Solubility,18,pH and Solubility,A.Hydroxides Mg(OH),2,Milk of Magnesia,Mg(OH),2,(s),Mg,2+,(aq)+2OH,-,(aq),a)Basic solns LeChatelier(less soluble),b)Acidic solns More soluble,(H,+,+OH,-,H,2,O),19,pH and Solubility,B.Carbonates More soluble in acidic solns.,CaCO,3,(s)+2HCl(aq),H,2,O(l)+CO,2,(g)+CaCl,2,(aq),20,1.What is the molar solubility of Ce(OH),3,(K,sp,=1.5 X 10,-20,)in a soln of pH 10.0?(Ans:1.5 X 10,-8,M),2.What is the molar solubility of Ce(OH),3,(K,sp,=1.5 X 10,-20,)in a soln of pH 13.0?(Ans:1.5 X 10,-17,M),pH and Solubility,21,What is the molar solubility of Sn(OH),2,in a soln of pH 9.2?The Ksp of Sn(OH),2,is 1.41 x 10,-28,.(Ans:5.6 X 10,-19,M),Will a ppt form?,1.Q=Reaction Quotient(calculate from Initial concentrations),Q K,sp,Shifts to reac.(ppt),2.Our Question:Is Q,K,sp,?,23,Will a ppt form if a solution is made such that Ca,2+,=0.0104 M and SO,4,2-,=0.0082 M?(Ans:Q=8.5 X 10,-5,ppt forms),Will a ppt form?,24,2.Will a ppt form when 100.0 mL of 0.0080 M Pb(NO,3,),2,is added to 400.0 mL of 0.0050 M Na,2,SO,4,?(Ans:Q=6.4 X 10,-6,so PbSO,4,ppts.),Will a ppt form?,25,3.Will a ppt form when 50.0 mL of 0.020 M NaF is added to 10.0 mL of 0.010 M Ca(NO,3,),2,?(Ans:Q=4.6 X 10,-7,so CaF,2,ppts.),Will a ppt form?,26,Will a ppt.Form at pH=8 for a solution of 0.0040 M Mg(NO,3,),2,?,At what pH will it form?(9.8),At what pH will a ppt form from a solution of 0.001 M Ni(NO,3,),2,?(ANS:7.89),27,Selective Precipitation,You can separate ions based on different solubilities,Can be used to remove harmful ions from water.,28,1.A soln contains 0.01 M Ag,+,and 0.020 M Pb,2+,ions.If NaCl is slowly ad
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