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,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Chapter TwoPurchasing,Learning objective,To understand the steps of purchasing,To Understand the key terms in the process of purchasing,To learn how to formulate a purchasing plan for a small business,To learn the important factors in bidder selection,Unit 2 Purchasing,Text 1,Purchasing,Dialogue 1,What is Purchasing,Text 2,Purchasing Process,Dialogue 2,Ordering Equipment,Text 1 Purchasing,【Para 1】Definition of Purchasing采购的概念,Purchasing is not simply buying goods and services,and it is a group of functional activities associated with buying the goods and services required by organizations.These activities include supplier identification and selection,buying,negotiation and contracting,supply market research,supplier measurement and improvement,and purchasing systems development,etc.,Text 1 Purchasing,【Para 2】the Role of Purchasing采购的作用,The most important and traditional role of purchasing is to meet the requirements of internal users.In the past,the emphasis was laid to buy what firms need from the right source,at the right price,in the right quantity,to the right internal customer and at the right specifications.However,with the increase of outsourcing,firms are more and more relying on external suppliers to provide not just materials and products,but also information technology,service,and even logistics.Therefore,to ensure the uninterrupted flow of high-quality goods and services is becoming more critical for modern enterprises.,Text 1 Purchasing,Purchasing department must develop and maintain close relationships with other functional groups within the organization which may include manufacturing,marketing,technology and finance.Effective communication with these departments is essential and necessary for the whole organization to keep as competitive.For example,if a suppliers components are defective and causing problem for manufacturing,then the purchasing department must work with the supplier to improve their quality.,Text 1 Purchasing,In order to ensure the current suppliers are competitive,purchasing must identify new suppliers and improve or replace the existing suppliers who are not meeting the requirements.That means that purchasing needs to keep abreast of the newest conditions in supply market.,Text 1 Purchasing,【Para 3】the Need of Purchasing采购需求,Nowadays the need for purchasing to be involved in corporate strategy has received a great deal of attention.The reason is that the amount of money spent on purchasing has increased significantly,and the potential savings from strategic management of purchasing are considerable.Another factor is the trend toward outsourcing,which means firms must manage their suppliers effectively.Now it is believed that suppliers play a critical role in supporting a firms competitive strategy,whether it is cost leadership,differentiation,or a mixed strategy.,Text 1 Purchasing,【Para 4】Decision of Purchasing采购决策,Purchasing those products and services which firms can not produce is necessary and easily understood,but if they can make or provide these products and services in-house,what will they do?Decisions about whether a producer of goods or services will insource or outsource are also called make-or-buy decisions.Answering such questions is often not as obvious as black and white.,Text 1 Purchasing,To make it clear,management needs to answer the question:What is the difference in relevant costs between the alternatives?Therefore,it is necessary to calculate costs among alternatives and consider its resources and opportunity cost.Finally,some other strategic issues also need to be taken into account.,Text 1 Purchasing,New Words and Phrases,functional adj.功能的,internal adj.内部的,specification n.规格,标准,outsourcing n.外包，外购,ensure v.确保,uninterrupted adj.不间断的，连续的,enterprise n.企业，商业机构,Text 1 Purchasing,finance n.财务，金融,essential adj.根本的，必需的,competitive adj.有竞争力的，竞争的,component n.零件，局部,defective adj.有缺陷的,differentiation n.差异化,relevant adj.相关的，相应的,alternative adj.选择性的，二中选 一的,Text 1 Purchasing,strategic adj.战略上的，关键的,laid to 把归于,rely on 依赖，依靠,keep abreast of 保持与.并列,cost leadership 本钱领先,opportunity cost 时机本钱,take into account 重视，考虑,Text 1 Purchasing,Notes,1These activities include supplier identification and selection,buying,negotiation and contracting,supply market research,supplier measurement and improvement,and purchasing systems development,etc.,这些活动包括供给商的认定和选择，采购，谈判、合同签订，供给市场调研，供给商的考核和改进，以及采购系统的开发等等。,Text 1 Purchasing,2That means that purchasing needs to keep abreast of the newest conditions in supply market.,这就意味着采购需要与供给市场的最新情况同步。,Text 1 Purchasing,3Suppliers play a critical role in supporting a firms competitive strategy,whether it is cost leadership,differentiation,or a mixed strategy.,供给商在支持企业的竞争战略上可以扮演极其重要的角色，不管这种战略是本钱领先、差异化或是二者的混合。,Text 1 Purchasing,4Decisions about whether a producer of goods or services will insource or outsource are also called make-or-buy decisions.,有关一个生产者会自己生产或者
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