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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,实用文档,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,实用文档,省略,为了使讲话和行文简洁，句中某些成分有时可省略。省略可分以下几种情况：,（一）简单句中的省略,1、省略主语：祈使句中主语通常省略。,其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。,e.g.(I)Thank you for your help.,（括号内为省略的词语,下同）,(I)See you tomorrow.,(It)Doesnt matter.,-How are you?(Im)Fine,thanks.,2、省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。,e.g.(There is)No smoking.,(Is there)Anything wrong?,Why(do you)not say hello to him?,（一）简单句中的省略,Read the following sentences and find out what have been left out,.,Exercise,1.Like more beer?,_like more beer?,2.Havent seen you for ages.,_havent seen you for ages.,3.Sounds like a good idea.,_sounds like a good idea.,4.Sorry I couldnt go.,_sorry I couldnt go.,5.Doesnt matter.,_doesnt matter.,Would you,I,It,Im,It,Read the following sentences a,3、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to。,e.g.-Are you going there?,-Id like,to,(go there).,He did not give me the chance,though he had promised,to,(give me the chance).,(动词:want,wish,expect,hope,like,love,try,forget,decide,prefer,mean,intend,plan,refuse,等动词宾语。,tell,ask,want,expect,warn等动词的宾补。,形容词：glad,happy,pleased,delighted,短语：be going to,be about to,be able to,have to,used to,ought to,be supposed to),否定形式的省略用not to,3、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to。,注意：如果该宾语是be动词或完成时态，,则须在to之后加上be或have。,e.g.-Are you an engineer?,-No,but I want to be.,-He hasnt finished the task yet.,-Well,he ought to have.,I asked him to see the film，but he,didnt want to.,-Will you join the game?,-Id be glad to.,注意：如果该宾语是be动词或完成时态，I asked h,4、省略表语。,e.g.-Are you thirsty?,-Yes,I am(thirsty).,5、感叹句根据上下文的省略。,e.g.What a wonderful film(it is)!,(Its)Simply impossible!,How beautiful(it is)!,6、介词的省略：,e.g.The old man had no difficulty(in)finding his house.,一些固定词组：,4、省略表语。,1)have a hard time(in)doing sth.,2)waste time(in)doing sth.,3)spend(in)doing sth.,4)prevent/stop(from),be busy(in)doing,5)be engaged(in)doing,6)theres no use(in)doing,1)have a hard time(in)doing,He failed (in)the game.,The war lasted(for)four years.但在句首或与walk等连用不可省,Come and see me(at)any time you like.(in,on,at,by),He stayed(at)home all day.,He walked(for)three,li,.(表示距离的状语中),（In)This way you will succeed.,He failed (in)the game.,7、名词所有格后面的名词，如果是表示,住宅,，,店铺,，,教堂,或者,上下文已经暗示,或,明确指,出过的,事物时常省略。,e.g.At her sisters(house),she spent,a pleasant weekend.,8、连词的省略：,not only but(also),whether(or not),so(that),7、名词所有格后面的名词，如果是表示住宅，,9、情态动词should的省略,insist,order,command,suggest,propose,advise,demand,require,request,ask.,Its necessary/important/impossible/strange,/natural/a pity,10、同时省略几个成分。,e.g.Lets meet at the same place as(we met),yesterday.,-Have you finished your work?,-(I have)Not(finished my work)yet.,9、情态动词should的省略,（二）并列句中的省略,两个并列分句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中,相同的部分。,e.g.My father is a doctor and my mother(is)a nurse.,I study at college and my sister(studies)at high school.,They dont agree with you,neither do I.他们不同意你的意见，我也不同意。,She was poor but(she was)honest.她贫穷但很诚实。,（二）并列句中的省略,（三）主从复合句中的省略,1、主句中有一些成分被省略。,e.g.(Im)Sorry to hear that you are ill.,(It is a)Pity that he missed such a,good chance.,2、省略了一个从句或从句的一部分，用,so或not（切不可用it或that）代替。,（三）主从复合句中的省略,3.(1)宾语从句中的省略 以特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句中，若有与前面主句重复的内容，则可将重复内容省略，而只保留特殊疑问词。You are unhappy.Can you tell me why?在Im afraid,I think,I believe,I hope,I guess 等作答句，后面常用省略形式。-Do you think it will rain?-I guess so.,3.(1)宾语从句中的省略 以特殊疑问词,常用表达 I hope so.我希望这样。I hope not 我不希望这样。Im afraid so/not.我恐怕如此/不如此 I think/believe/guess/expect/imagine/suppose so.我认为/相信/猜/希望/想象/认为这样.I dont think/believe/guess/expect/imagine/suppose so.=I think/believe/guess/expect/imagine,/suppose not.我认为不这样。,常用表达 I hope so.我希望,在宾语从句中常省略连词，但当及物动词之后跟有并列连词and连的两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，只有第一个连词that可省略，后边that不能省。He told me(that)she was a beautiful girl and that she was clever.,引导主语从句，同位语从句和表语从句的that不能省.,在宾语从句中常省略连词，但当及物动词之后跟有并列连词a,4.定语从句中的省略 在限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that，which，whom可省略。He is one of the man(whom)I can trust.他是我信任的人之一。This is the best way(that)we should choose.,修饰way或reason的关系副词that(=in which)或why可以省略。This is the way(that/in which)he studies.这就是他学习的方法。I want to know the reason(why)he was late.我想知道他迟到的原因。在非正式语中，关系副词when，why，代词as后面的主谓结构可省略。He gave the same answer as(he had given)before.,4.定语从句中的省略 在限制性定语从句中作宾语的,5,.状语从句,(1)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,可以省略状语从句中的主语和系动词be,这时从句中可出现如下结构:,连词(as,as if,once+名词),Once(he was)a teacher,he now works in a government office.,连词(though,whether,when)+形容词,Work hard when(you are)young,or youll regret.,5.状语从句(1)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,可以省,连词(when,while,though)+现在分词,While(I was)walking along the street,I heard my name called.,连词(when,if,even if,unless,once,until,than,as)+过去分词,连词(as if,as though)+不定式,He opened his mouth as if(he were)to speak.,连词(when,while,though)+现在分词,(2)当从句主语是 It,谓语动词有含有系动词be时,可以把 it系动词be一起省略。此时构成连词（if，unless,when，where,whenever）+形容词的结构。,Unless（it is）necessary，youd better not refer to the dictionary.,Fill in the blanks with articles where,(it is),necessary.,(2)当从句主语是 It,谓语动词有含有系动词be时,可以把,另外,我们还可以用so或not代替上文内容,此时可有if+so/not。,Get up early tomorrow.If not(you dont get up early),you will miss the early bus.,He may not be at home then,if so(he is not at home),leave him a note.,另
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