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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit 2,Diction,（选词法）,1,Unit 2Diction 1,Decide the meanings of“THATs”and translate the sentence.,That that is,is;that that is not,is not;but that that is not,is not that that is;nor is that that is that that is not.,实者实，虚者虚，虚非实，实非虚。,是即是，非即非,2,Decide the meanings of“THAT,Pre-class Questions,What is Diction?,Does the meaning of a word equals to the dictionary definition?,How do you consider the viewpoint“Words do not have meanings;people have meanings for words”?,How to determine the meaning of a word in E-C translation?,3,Pre-class QuestionsWhat is Dic,Theoretical Ground,1.Translating means translating meaning.,(Eugene A.Nida,From One Language to Another,1986,),2.The Largest Quantity of translation in a text is done at the level of the word.,(Peter Newmark,A Text Book of Translation,1988),4,Theoretical Ground 1.Translat,3.1 Choice of Grammatical Meanings,The same word,when used as different parts of speech and playing different roles in a sentence,has different meaning.,1.Take the cart,back,to the,back,yard and,back,it into the shed at the,back,of the stable.,把牛拉回到后院，再把它倒到牛棚后面的小屋去。,2.I,saw,him,saw,with a,saw,in a sawmill.,我看见他在锯木厂用一把锯子在锯东西。,5,3.1 Choice of Grammatical Mean,3.Wishes,father,thoughts.(John Galsworthy:The Forsyte Saga),愿望为思想之父。,The child is father of the man.,从小看大。,4.“What do you do with so many apples?”,“We eat what we,can,and what we,cant,we,can,.”,“,这么多苹果，你们要怎么办？”,“我们尽量吃，吃不完就拿来做罐头。”,6,3.Wishes father thoughts.(Jo,3.2 Choice of Contextual Meanings,Question:,What is the meaning of Meaning?What is the average number of the meanings for Power?,意义：指称意义、言内意义、语用意义。,Please determine from the context the exact meaning of Power in each sentence(Drills 3.3,P.72),and choose an appropriate equivalent one in Chinese.,7,3.2 Choice of Contextual Meani,1.I will do everything within my,power,to assist you.,我愿意尽力来帮助你。,2.The new kinescope has a resolving,power,of 800 lines.,这种新型显像管的分辨率为,800,行。,3.Basically,all,power,is with the people.,从根本上说，一切权利属于人民。,8,1.I will do everything within,4.Political,power,grows out of the barrel of a gun.,枪杆子里面出政权。,5.China has a few nuclear weapons,but it will never join the so-called club of nuclear,powers,.,中国有一点核武器，但中国决不参加所谓核大国俱乐部。,6.The surface of ceramics must be checked by examination under a 20-,power,binocular microscope.,陶瓷表面必须用,20,倍的双筒显微镜加以检查。,9,4.Political power grows out o,7.The transistor can go from an off condition to an on condition with great speed and minimal,power,.,晶体管能以极快的速度和极小的功率由关的状态转到开的状态。,8.The,power,subsystem of the communication facility must provide a flow of current under controlled conditions of voltage and load.,通讯设施的电源分系统应在电压和负荷受控制的情况下供电。,10,7.The transistor can go from,Reflection:,Whats the difference of meanings between Chinese words and English ones?,英语词义：较概括，较灵活，范围很宽,汉语词义：较具体，较凝滞，范围较窄,11,Reflection:11,3.3 Choice of Collocative Meanings,Translate the following,paying attention to the collocation(Drills 3.4,P.73).,Good(adj.),good manners,good humor,a good king,good living,得体的举止,愉快的心情；好脾气,公正的国王,讲究吃喝的生活,12,3.3 Choice of Collocative Mean,a good Catholic,good eggs,good soil,a good debt,a good hour,a good question,good sense,a good eater and a good sleeper,虔诚的天主教徒,新鲜鸡蛋,肥沃的土壤,有把握收回的债,整整一小时,不易回答的问题；难以立即回答的问题,正确的判断力；解决世纪问题的智慧；理智,能吃能睡的人,13,a good Catholic 虔诚的天主教徒新鲜鸡蛋肥沃的,小结：,1.,英语学习到了高级阶段，就词汇而言，可以说没有上下文就没有词义（,no context,no text),。既然“义寓于文”就必须“以文明义”，即根据上下文的逻辑关系、层次条理、前后呼应确定词的具体涵义。,2.Each word when used in a new context is a new word.Firth,14,小结：14,3.4 Choice of Affective Meanings,Question:,What is the importance of affective meanings to translation?Can you give some examples?,Compare and translate the following:,15,3.4 Choice of Affective Meanin,Story,The story of the hero is extremely moving.,英雄的事迹是极为动人的。,He storied about his age.,他捏造年龄。,That face must have a story belonging to it.,那张脸成这个模样，背后必有文章。,The real story was made public.,真相大白。（水落石出。）,What a story!I dont believe a word of it.,弥天大谎！我只字不信。,16,Story16,小结：,A good translator should represent not only the original thought but also the original style in the target language.That is called“,意似，形似，神似”,.,17,小结：17,3.5 Choice of Extended Meanings,Question:,How to extend the meaning when a mechanical translation is unintelligible to the readers?Can you give some examples?,18,3.5 Choice of Extended Meaning,Translate the following,extending the meanings of the words in italics(Drills 3.7,P.84):,1.On Ashurt there had now come,a feeling of paralysis,.(The Apple Tree),这时间阿舍特却不知道怎么办才好（呆若木鸡）。,(concrete abstract),19,Translate the following,exten,2.The M
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