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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,功能性食品工艺设计三,具有免疫活性的多糖,食品工程 郑宏儒,多糖的免疫调节功能是其最重要的功能活性，多糖能在多条途径、多个层面对免疫系统发挥作用。具体表现在：提高巨噬细胞吞噬能力。植物多糖对巨噬细胞的免疫调节作用主要表现在影响巨噬细胞活性氧的产生、细胞因子的分泌、细胞增殖和吞噬活性等，从而起到对天然免疫和适应性免疫的调控作用,。,Polysaccharide immune function is the most important functional activity in several ways,polysaccharide,a plurality of levels on the immune system play a role.Specific features:the ability to enhance macrophage phagocytosis.Immunomodulatory effects of plant polysaccharides on macrophages mainly in macrophages produce reactive oxygen species,cytokine,secretion,cell proliferation and phagocytic activity,so as to play a regulatory role in innate immunity and adaptive immunity.,免疫调节功能,多糖的抗肿瘤作用是通过激活机体的免疫系统，诱导细胞分化，刺激造血诱导 NO 产生等生物活性的多糖，这类多糖与机体的免疫细胞通过分子水平的接触，免疫细胞被激活，释放出某些类型的细胞转导信号，从而激发和增强免疫反响，再通过增强机体的免疫功能间接抑制或杀死肿瘤细胞。具有抗肿瘤活性的多糖大多是通过这种途径发挥作用的。,Polysaccharide anti-tumor effect of polysaccharide by activating the bodys immune system,inducing cell,d,ifferentiation and stimulate hematopoiesis induced NO production and other biological activity,these polysaccharides and immune cells of the body at the molecular level through contact,immune cells are activated and release a these types of cell signal transduction,in order to stimulate and enhance the immune response,and then inhibit or kill tumor cells by enhancing immune function indirectly.,抗肿瘤作用,多糖通过以下方式到达抗病毒的作用：抑制病毒抗原的表达，抑制病毒逆转录酶的活性。如灵芝中的糖蛋白是通过与病毒分子结合，阻止病毒分子与细胞之间的结合感染。硫酸多糖无论在体外还是在体内，都显示出不同程度的抗病毒活性。,Polysaccharide in the following way to achieve antiviral effect:inhibition of viral antigen expression,inhibition of viral reverse transcriptase activity.Such as Ganoderma lucidum glycoprotein molecules by binding to the virus,preventing viral infection combined between molecules and cells.Sulfated polysaccharides both in vitro and in vivo,have shown varying degrees of anti-viral activity.,抗病毒作用,许多从天然产物中别离得到的多糖类化合物具有去除自由基，抑制脂质过氧化、亚油酸氧化等抗氧化作用，其可能的抗氧化机理有：直接去除活性氧，络合产生活性氧所必需的金属离子，提高抗氧化酶的活性等。提示多糖的抗氧化性可能是抗肿瘤、抗衰老、抗感染等的作用机理之一。,Many polysaccharide compounds isolated from natural products of free radical scavenging,inhibition of lipid peroxidation antioxidant oxidation of linoleic acid oxidation,etc.,which may have antioxidant mechanisms:directly scavenge ROS,reactive oxygen complex essential metal ions,increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes and so on.Tip polysaccharide antioxidant may be anti-cancer,anti-aging mechanism of action,such as anti-infective.,抗氧化作用,天然多糖的降血糖作用主要表现在降低肝糖原，促进外周组织器官对糖的利用，促进降糖激素和抑制升糖激素作用，保护胰岛细胞以及调节糖代谢酶活性等方面。冬虫夏草多糖能显著提高肝脏中葡糖激酶、己糖激酶和 6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶的活性，降低血浆甘油三酯及胆固醇的水平。,Hypoglycemic effect of natural polysaccharides mainly in lower glycogen and promote organ peripheral tissue glucose utilization,promote hypoglycemic hormone and glucagon suppression effect,protect the islet cells and the regulation of glucose metabolism activity and so on.Cordyceps polysaccharide can significantly improve liver glucokinase,hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity,decreased plasma triglycerides and cholesterol levels.,降血糖功能,多糖具有消炎作用，多糖能选择性地粘附病原体,阻断微生物病原体对靶细胞的吸附,从而具消炎和抗感染作用。如上世纪发现的某些细菌产生的具有正负离子的两性多糖对脓肿有明显的防治作用,它的作用机制主要是通过MHCII 的途径激活 T 细胞而发挥作用,Polysaccharide has anti-inflammatory effect,polysaccharides can selectively adhere pathogens,microbial pathogens blocking adsorption on target cells and thus with anti-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects.Amphoteric polysaccharide has positive and negative ions of certain bacteria to produce above-century discovery of the abscess significant preventive effect,its mechanism of action is to play a major role in the activation of T cells by way of MHCII,消炎作用,参考文献,1 M Suzuki，T Kikuchi，F Takatsuki，et al.Curative effects of combination therapy with lentinan and interleukin-2 against established murine tumors，and the role of CD8-positive T cells J.Cancer Immunology，Immunotherapy，1994，381：1-8.,2 MV Sanguedolce，C Capo，M Bouhamdan，et al.Zymosan-induced tyrosine phosphorylations in human monocytes.Role of protein kinase CJ.The Journal of Immunology，1993，1511：405-414.56 G Abel，JK Czop.Syimulation of human monocyte-glucan receptors by glucan particles induces production of,TNF-and IL 1-J.Immunopharmacology，1992，148：1363-1373.,3 DB Xiang，XY Li.Antitumor activity and immuno-potentiating actions of Achyanthes biderrtata polysaccharidesJ.Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao，1993，146：556-561.,4 韩澄，聂少平，黄丹菲，等.青钱柳多糖对人胃癌 MGC-803 细胞生长的影响 J.天然产物研究与开发，2021，21：952-955.,5 SP Nie，MY Xie，P Zhou，et al.In vitro antioxidative and anticancer activities of tea glycoprotein in green teaJ.European Food Research and Technology，2007，2244：437-442.,6 M Ito，M Baba，A Sato，et al.Inhibitory effect of dextran sulfate and heparin on the replication of human,Thank you!,
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