人教版初中英语语法-被动语态

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,中考语法精讲,被动语态,我吃了一个苹果，那现在苹果怎样了？,苹果被,苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的被字句，英语中的“被字句”我们称之为,被动语态,。,英语中有两种语态：,主动语态,和,被动语态。,一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态,We speak English.,主语,谓语,宾语,主动语态,主动语态表示,主语,是动作的,执行者,。,谓语,speak,的动作是由主语,we,执行的，即主语是是谓语动词所表示动作的执行者。,两种语态,English is spoken,by,many people.,主语,谓语,宾语,被动语态,主语,English,是谓语动词,speak,所表示的动作的承受者。,被动语态表示,主语,是动作的,承受者,。,We clean our classroom every day.,我们每天清扫教室。,主动语态,Our classroom is cleaned every day.,我们的教室每天被清扫。,被动语态,英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。,二、被动语态的根本构成：,be+动词的过去分词be+done),be随着人称，时态和数的变化而变化,1.一般现在时am/is/are+done,We,clean,the classroom every day.,The classroom,is cleaned,by us every day,.,He,put on,a coat.,A coat,was put on,by him.,2.一般过去时was/were+done,He,made,the kite.,The kite,was made,by him.,3.一般将来时 shall/will/be going to+be done,They,will plant,trees tomorrow.,Trees,will be planted,by them tomorrow,He,is going to write,a letter to his mother.,A letter,is going to be written,to his mother by him.,4.现在完成时has/have+been done,Jim,has finished,the work.,The work,has been finished,by Jim.,5.含有情态动词的被动语态,can/may/must/should+be done,I,can find,him.,He,can be found,by me.,三、被动语态的用法,1.,不知道,动作,的执行者是谁。,The windoe was broken last night.,Rice is grown in the south of China.,Many trees should be planted every year.每年都应当种更多的树。,2.,强调或突出动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。,世界上越来越多的人说汉语。,Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.,3.,动作不是由人发出的。,很多房屋被冲走了。,Many houses were washed away by the flood.,四、主动语态变被动语态的方法,We speak English.,主语,谓语,宾语,English is spoken,by,us.,主语,谓语,宾语,宾变主,主变宾,前加,by,主动语态,被动语态,1.,Tom,broke,the window,.,The window,was,broken,by Tom,.,2.,He,broke,the windows,.,The windows,were,broken,by,him,.,Be,要随着主语变,规律主语by来引,Exercise:,He,rides,the motorbike to his factory every day.,The motorbike,is ridden,to his factory every day,.,Exercise:,We,call,the snowman Mr.Strong.,The snowman,is called,Mr.Strong.,Exercise:,He,bought,some fruits yesterday.,Some fruits,were bought,yesterday.,主动语态变被动语态的方法,主语 宾语,主动语态：动作的执行者+谓语动词的主动形式+动作的承受者,被动语态：动作的承受者+谓语动词的被动形式+动作的执行者,主语 宾语,说明：,1要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，假设主动句中的宾语为人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。,2把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变宾格，并由by引导。,3)谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。,主动语态中，使役动词make,let,have,感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice后面跟省略to的不定式，变为被动语态时，要加上不定式符号to.,I saw him open the door just now.刚刚我观察他进屋了主动语态,He was seen to open the door just now.,补充局部,2.主动构造表被动意义,open,lock,write,read,sell,wash,cut,drive,等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可以用主动语态表被动意义。,This kind of shirt,sells well,.,The pen writes smoothly.,cost,fit,agree with(气候，食物等适合于使用主动表被动。,The book costs me twenty yuan.,3.,系动词没有被动形式,look,sound,taste,smell,feel,等系动词用主动表被动意义。,例：,It smells wonderful.,Mooncakes taste delicious.,3.,在,be worth doing,中,doing,表被动意义。,例：,This book is worth reading.,4.want/need/require+doing=want/need/require+to be done,例：,My bike needs repairing.,=My bike needs to be repaired.,我的自行车需要修理。,happen,take place,break out,have,belong to.,课堂练习,一改写句子,1.We plant trees in spring every year.,_ by us in spring every year.,2.She posted the letter yesterday.,_ by her yesterday.,3.Mr Turner gave me a birthday present.,_a birthday present by Mr Turner.,5.You may hand in your homework tomorrow.,_ by you tomorrow.,6.She is going to write a letter.,_ by her.,Trees are planted,The letter was posted,I was given,Your homework may be handed in,A letter is going to be written,1.If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout,to be heard even at dinner A are not kept；will have toB are not kept；have C do not keep；will have to D do not keep；have to 2.The fifth generation computers,_and,perfected now.A.developed B.have developed C.are being developed D.will have been developed3.-_ the sports meet might be put off -Yes，it all depends on the weather A I”ve been told B I”ve told C I”m told D I told,A,C,A,4.I need one more stamp before my collection _.A.has completed B.completes C.has been completed D.is completed 5.Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed,that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.A.cut B.are cut C.are being cut D.had been cut 6.The new bridge _ by the end of last month.A.has been designed B.had been designed C.was designed D.would be designed7.When part of a pencil is in a glass of water,it looks as if it _.A.breaks B.has broken C.was broken D.had been broken,D,C,B,C,8.Great changes _ in the city,and a lot of factories _.A.have been taken place;have been set up B.have taken place;have been set upC.have taken place;have set up D.were taken place;were set up9.That suit _ over 60 dollars.A.had costed B.costed C.is costed D.cost10.-Look!Everything here is under construction.-Whats the pretty small house that _ for?A.is being built B.has been built C.is built D.is building 11.-Do you like the cloth?-Yes,it _ very soft.A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt,B,D,A,C,12.It is difficult for a foreigner _ Chinese,A,write B,to write C,to be written D,written 13.I have no more letters _,，,thank you,A,to type B,typing C,to be typed D,typed14.Take care!Dont drop the ink on your shirt,for it _ easily.A.wont wash out B.wont be washed out C.isnt washed out D.is