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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,被动语态,The Passive Voice,英语动词有两种语态：,主动语态,(the Active Voice),被动语态,(the Passive Voice),A.主动语态表示主语是动作的,执行者,。,B.被动语态表示主语是动作的,承受者,。,We,planted,the tree.,The tree,was planted,by us.,We,speak,English,.,主语,谓语,宾语,English,is,spoken,by,us,.,主语,谓语,宾语,主动语态,被动语态,They,cleaned,the classroom,yesterday.昨天他们打扫了教室。,The classroom,was cleaned,by,them,yesterday.,昨天教室被他们打扫了。,(一)被动语态基本用法:,当句子的,主语,是动作的,执行者,时，谓语的形式是,主动语态,。当句子的主语是动作的,承受者,时，谓语要用,被动语态,。被动语态由助动词,be,+过去分词构成，,时态,通过,be,表现出来。,be,+,PP,(二)被动语态的基本结构:,有各种时态的变化,1.,Now English _ by more and more people all over the word.,A.,speaks,B.,is spoken,C.,was spoken,一般现在时的被动语态：,主语,+,am,/,is,/,are,+,PP,2.,The lost boy _ at the street corner last night.,A.,was found,B.,is found,C.,was looked for,一般过去时的被动语态：,主语,+,was,/,were,+,PP,3.,More man-made satellites _ in the future.,A.,will send up,B.,will be sent up,C.,are sent up,一般将来时的被动语态：,主语,+,will,+,be,+,PP,be going to,+,be,+,PP,4.,Three bridges _ since last year.,A.,have built,B.,were built,C.,have been built,现在完成时的被动语态：,主语,+,have,/,has,+,been,+,PP,5.,Flowers _ every day.,A.,has been watered,B.,should be watered,C.,should water,含有情态动词的被动语态：,情态动词,+,be,+,PP,1.规则动词的过去分词：,1),一般情况在动词原形后,加-ed,watch-watch,ed,2),以不发音,e,结尾的加-d,practice-practice,d,3),以辅音加,y,结尾的，去y变i加-ed,study-stud,ied,4),以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed,stop-stop,ped,2.不规则动词的过去分词,：,am,is,are,was,were,been,have,has,had,do,done,write,written,go,gone,动词过去分词的变化:,1,、纪律是集体的面貌，集体的声音，集体的动作，集体的表情，集体的信念。,2,、知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者。,3,、反思自我时展示了勇气，自我反思是一切思想的源泉。,4,、在教师手里操着幼年人的命运，便操着民族和人类的命运。一年之计，莫如树谷；十年之计，莫如树木；终身之计，莫如树人。,5,、诚实比一切智谋更好，而且它是智谋的基本条件。,6,、做老师的只要有一次向学生撒谎撒漏了底，就可能使他的全部教育成果从此为之失败。,十一月 24,2024/11/16,2024/11/16,2024/11/16,11/16/2024,7,、凡为教者必期于达到不须教。对人以诚信，人不欺我,;,对事以诚信，事无不成。,2024/11/16,2024/11/16,16 November 2024,8,、教育者，非为已往，非为现在，而专为将来。,2024/11/16,2024/11/16,2024/11/16,2024/11/16,(三)何时使用被动语态？,1、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：,Football is played all over the world,2、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如：,My bike was stolen,我的自行车被盗了。,3、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：,He was born in October，1989,4、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。例如：,Tina是被Paul叫来的。Tina,is asked,to come by Paul,5、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“据报道”等时。例如：,It is said that,one day he climbed to the top of a house and,It was reported that,her mother died of SARS.,众所周知,It is well known that,据推测说,It is supposed that,(四)主动语态变被动语态,:,(1)把,原,来的,宾语,提到前面作被动语态的,主语,;,(2)把,谓语动词,变成,被动结构,(,be过去分词,)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。,(3)把主动语态中的,主语,放在介词,by,之后作,宾语,，将,主格,改为,宾格,。如：,They,make,the bikes,in the factory,.,The bikes,in the factory.,are made,them,by,主变被步骤:,1.找宾语:,即动作的承受者,(改为主语),He,washed,his car,yesterday.,His car,3.判断,新主语,的单复数:,确定,be,动词的单复数.,be,4.判断动词的时态:,即,be,动词的时态.,2.修改谓语的语态:,即,be,+,原,V,.,过去分词,washed,5.修改原句的主语:,即by+主语(,变宾格,).,(by them),yesterday.,is,was,was,1.,Tom,broke,the window,.,The window,2.,She,broke,the windows,.,The windows,3.,He,cleans,the classroom,everyday.,The classroom,was broken,by Tom,.,were broken,by her,.,is cleaned,by him,be动词的单复数变化:,everyday.,He,rides,the motorbike,to work every day.,The motorbike,is ridden,to work,(by him),every day.,A computer,computer,use,in our class,is used,in our class,every day.,They,bought,ten computers last year,Ten computers,last year.,were bought,(by them),bank,rob,yesterday,was robbed,The bank,yesterday.,1.They,will,finish,the work,in ten days.,The work,in ten days.,will be finished,(by them),2.They,are going to have,a show,tomorrow.,A show,is going to be had,(by them),tomorrow.,1.Amy,can take good care of,the cat,The cat,can be taken good care,of,by Amy.,2.They,should sing,some beautiful songs.,Some beautiful songs,by them.,should be sung,He,can carry,the basket,easily.,The basket,can be,easily,carried,by him,.,在通常情况下，修饰被动语态的副词一定要放在助动词be与过去分词之间。如：,She was,badly,paid.,她挣的钱很少。,The trip was,well,organized.,旅行组织得很好。,将副词放在过去分词之后也是可以的。,(四)被动语态的特殊情况:,1.在主动语态中,make,let,hear,see,watch,notice等词,其后跟省略,to,的动词不定式(动词原形),在变为被动语态时,必须,还原动词不定式符号to,.如:,1)We,heard,him,sing,this song in the room.,He,was heard,to sing,this song in the room.,2)The boss,made,him,work,14 hours a day.,He,was made,to work,14 hours a day.,3)I see him,walk,to school.,He,is seen,to walk,to school.,2.含有双宾语的动词在变为被动语态时，有以下三种情形：,(1)有些双宾动词(如,award,buy,give,leave,lend,offer,pay,show,teach,tell,等)在变为被动语态时，既可把间接宾语(指人)变为被动语态的主语,而把直接宾语(指事物)保留下来(称为保留宾语),也可把直接宾语(指事物)变为被动语态的主语,而把间接宾语改为介词,to,或,for,引起的状语(到底用to还是for,与所搭配的动词有关),。比较：,He gave her some money.,他给她一些钱。,She,was given,Some money,was given,to,her.,some money.,2.,He,bought,his friend some fruits,yesterday.,His friend,was bought,some fruits,(by him),yesterday.,Some fruits,were bought,for,his friend,(by him),yesterday.,1.He bought her a watch.,A watch,was bought,for,her(by him).,She,was bought,a watch(by him).,(2)有些双宾动词(如,bring,do,make,pass,sell,send,sing,write,等)通常用直接宾语(指事物)作被动语态的主语，而将间接宾语用作保留宾语(其前根据情况用介词,to,或,for,)：,Father made me a doll.,A doll,was made,for,me.,He wrote her a letter.,
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