2-Sentence-Structure--p教学讲解课件

,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,ppt课件,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Lecture 1Sentence Structure,Lecture 1Sentence Structure,1.2.2.Transformation and expansion,2.Two ways of sentence analysis,1.Subject and predicate,1.2.1.Five basic clause types,Contents,1.2 Clause Types and transformation,1.1 Clause Element,2,ppt课件,1.2.2.Transformation and expa,1.1 Clause elements,Structurally,:,A simple sentence or rather a clause is:,a sequence of phrases.,a construction of“subject,predicate”,Logically:,The producers are able to supply a small part of our needs.,NP VP NP,(Predicate Verb),Independent Clause,(Sentence),(Predicate),(Subject),(Object),For example:,3,ppt课件,1.1 Clause elements Structural,1.1.1 Subject and Predicate,A full clause can generally be divided into two parts:,the subject and the predicate,.,The producers are able to supply a small part of our needs.,NP,VP,NP,Subject,Predicate,Clause/Sentence,It is the topic or theme of the sentence,which tells of what the sentence is about.,It is called“,Known Information,”,generally realized by a noun phrase or an equivalent of a noun phrase.,It says something about the subject and bears the,new information,which the speaker or writer wants to transmit to the listener or reader.,It generally consists of a verb phrase with or without a complementation,More examples on Page 15,4,ppt课件,1.1.1 Subject and Predicate A,The analysis and deconstruction of a sentence is a vital skill in understanding language.,Sentence analysis is not always easy but it is an essential tool in understanding how language works.,Sentences can be analyzed in two ways.,All the men have done their best this year.,Try to,a,nalyze the following sentence.,1.1.2 Two ways of sentence analysis,5,ppt课件,The analysis and deconstructio,All the men have done their best this year.,NP,Subject,VP,Predicate verb,NP,Object,NP,Adverbial,Clause Sentence,These four elements together with the subject make the five clause elements of traditional grammar.,One way is to divide the predicate into predicate verb,object,complement and adverbial,6,ppt课件,All the men have done their be,Another way is to divide the predicate into two parts:the operator and the predication.,All the men have done their best this year.,Predication,NP,Aux,Main,V,NP,NP,Operator,Predicate,Subject,Clause,Sentence,The operator,is usually the auxiliary or the first auxiliary in a complex verb phrase.,The predication,comprises the main verb with its complementation(object,complement or adverbial.,7,ppt课件,Another way is to divide the p,1.Joshua quickly finished,his homework,and went out,to play,.,A.Object:,B.Adverbial:,2,.,What,is,the most expensive meal listed on the menu,?,A.Subject:B.Complement:,(,the most expensive meal listed,on the menu,),(,What,),Exercise 1A:,(,Page 18,),(,his homework,),his homework,(,to play,),to play,What,the most expensive meal listed on,the menu,8,ppt课件,1.Joshua quickly finished his,1.2 Basic Clause types and transformation,English clauses can be classified into,five,or,seven,basic types.,Verbs are of crucial importance to the construction of the sentence.,Innumerable sentences are structured on the basis of these clause types,determined by,the main verbs,used in the sentences.,Main verbs refer to the following three types of verbs.,1)Linking verbs,2)Intransitive verbs,3)Transitive verbs,9,ppt课件,1.2 Basic Clause types and tra,1,1.2.1 Five basic clause types,A linking verb(copula)is a word used to link the subject of a sentence with a predicate(a subject complement),which shows:,linking verbs,SVC,a),a remaining state:,b),a changing state:,c),a feeling or sensing,:,be,remain,keep,appear,stay,fall,get,turn,grow,prove,come,go,feel,smell,taste,sound,look,seem,She,is,in good health.,All of us,must remain,modest and prudent.,Peter,became,a judge but John remained a fisherman.,Bob,seems(to be),quite happy.,Your proposal,sounds,quite feasible.,(More examples on p20.),(Subject+Linking Verb+Complement),10,ppt课件,11.2.1 Five basic clause types,2,SV(A),intransitive verb,:,An intransitive verb does not take an object,but an adverbial is sometimes required for the completion of a sentence.,The guests have arrived.,I live,in Beijing,.,(adverbial not to be ignored.),They stayed,in,a hotel,.,(not ignored.),The train leaves,at six,.,(not ignored.),He will be flying,to Shanghai,.,(not ignored.),Horses run(,on the ground,)and birds fly(,in the sky,).,The construction of “There be+NP+Adverbial”is considered to be the“SV(A)type,(Subject+Intransitive Verb),11,ppt课件,2 SV(A)intransitive verb:An i,3,In syntax,a transitive verb is a verb that requires both a subject and one or more objects.,Verbs that require a single object are called,monotransitive verbs,e.g.;,SVO(A),transitive verb,:,I want a return,ticket,.,The train is building up,the speed,.,I put,the material evidence,in front o