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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,精品课件,*,第22讲名词和冠词,精品课件,名词,精品课件,高频考点一常用专有名词,1,人名。如:,Jackie Chan,,,Yao Ming,2,地名。如:,New York,,,the Great Wall,3,国名。如:,China,,,America,4,一周七天。如:,Monday,,,Tuesday,5,一年十二个月。如:,May,,,September,6,节日。如:,Teachers Day,,,Mothers Day,,,Christmas Day,7,专有名词缩写形式。如:,USA,,,CD,精品课件,【,例,1】_ is the most important festival in China.,A,Christmas Day,B,The Spring Festival,C,MidAutumn Day D,National Day,解析:,A,选项是圣诞节;,B,选项是春节;,C,选项是中秋节;,D,选项是国庆节。根据句意“在中国最重要的节日”,当然是春节。,答案:,_,_,B,精品课件,高频考点二名词辨析,名词词义辨析主要指考生在不同的语言环境中,通过对上下文的理解或者对一些词义相同的名词准确地掌握其意义,然后做出正确的选择。近年来,这一考点成为了考查名词的主要形式之一,并且越来越受到各地的欢迎。,【,例,2】The Belt and Road Initiative(,一带一路倡议,)will help China improve _ with those related countries,,,especially Pakistan.(,2016,,黑龙江,),A,relationship,B,agreement,C,environment,解析:,A,选项意为“关系,联系”;,B,选项意为“协定,协议”;,C,选项意为“环境,外界”。根据常识,可推测该句句意:一带一路倡议将帮助中国改善与那些,(,沿线,),相关的国家的关系,尤其是巴基斯坦。,答案:,_,_,A,精品课件,【,例,3】The Chinese scientist Tu Youyou won the 2015 Nobel Prize.,Her _ has saved millions of lives across the world.(,2016,,宜昌,),A,victory,B,story,C,discovery,D,industry,解析:,A,选项意为“胜利”;,B,选项意为“故事”;,C,选项意为“发现”;,D,选项意为“工业”。根据语境和设空处后面的,saved,推测后面一句话的句意是:她的发现挽救了世界上数以百万人的生命。,答案:,_,C,精品课件,高频考点三名词的数,名词分可数名词与不可数名词两类。可数名词有单、复数变化形式。,a,用于以辅音音素开头的单数名词前,,an,用于以元音音素开头的单数名词前。如:,an uncle,,,a university,,,an honest man,,,an hour,,,a useful book,,,an apple,等。其复数形式分为规则和不规则两种:,1,可数名词的复数规则变化,精品课件,构成方法,例子,一般情况下,,,在名词的末尾加,s,desk,desks,,,apple,apples,以,s,,,x,,,sh,,,ch,结尾的名词,,,在词尾加,es,class,classes,,,box,boxes,,,watch,watches,以辅音,y,结尾的名词,,,把,y,变为,i,,,再加,es,country,countries,,,factory,factories,以,f,或,fe,结尾的名词,,,把,f,或,fe,变为,v,,,再加,es,knife,knives,,,wife,wives,,,leaf,leaves,以,o,结尾表示有生命的名词,,,在词尾加,es,tomato,tomatoes,,,hero,heroes,以,o,结尾表示无生命的名词,,,在词尾加,s,radio,radios,,,photo,photos,精品课件,【,口诀,】,以,f,或,fe,结尾的名词变复数口诀:,树叶,(leaf),一半,(half),自己,(self),黄,妻子,(wife),拿刀,(knife),去宰狼,(wolf),,小偷,(thief),架,(shelf),后逃命,(life),忙。,以,o,结尾的名词变复数口诀:,英雄,(hero),爱吃西红柿,(tomato),和土豆,(potato),。,某国人变复数口诀:,中日不变英法变,其余,s,加后面。,精品课件,2,可数名词的复数不规则变化,元音或词尾发生变化。,如:,manmen,,,womanwomen,,,FrenchmanFrenchmen,,,toothteeth,,,footfeet,,,childchildren,单复数形式相同。,如:,sheep(,绵羊,)sheep,,,fish(,鱼的条数,)fish,,,Chinese(,中国人,)Chinese,,,Japanese(,日本人,)Japanese,,,deer(,鹿,)deer,形式为单数,意思为复数。,如:,people,,,police,等。,视为整体时,谓语用单数;视为个体时,谓语用复数。,如:,family,,,class,,,team,,,group,等。,形式为复数,意思为单数。,如:,news,,,maths,,,physics,,,the United States,等。,精品课件,只用复数形式。,如:,pants,,,shorts,,,clothes,,,glasses(,眼镜,),等。,由,man,,,woman,构成的合成名词,变复数时将名词及,man,,,woman,都变成复数。,如:,man drivermen drivers,,,woman teacherwomen teachers,精品课件,3,不可数名词,不可数名词分为物质名词和抽象名词,它们一般没有复数形式。如果要表示不可数名词的数量则要借助于“,a,量词,(,可数名词,),of,不可数名词”短语,变复数时把,a,变为具体数词,量词变为复数形式。,如:,a bowl of water,一碗水;,two cups of tea,两杯茶,初中阶段常见的不可数名词有:,water,,,rice,,,tea,,,milk,,,food,,,fruit,,,meat,,,fish(,鱼肉,),,,chicken(,鸡肉,),,,beef,,,mutton,,,orange(,橙汁,),,,sugar,,,salt,,,paper(,纸,),,,porridge,,,bread,,,sand,,,juice,,,news,,,music,,,time(,时间,),,,information,,,fun,,,advice,等。,注意:有些名词既可作不可数名词,又可作可数名词,如:,time(,时间,/,次数,倍数,),,,fish(,鱼肉,/,鱼,),,,room(,空间,/,房间,),,,noise(,噪音,/,响声,),,,paper(,纸,/,试卷,文件,),,,chicken(,鸡肉,/,鸡,),,,experience(,经验,/,经历,),等。,表示不定数量时,不可数名词常用,much,,,(a)little,,,a lot of,,,some,,,any,等修饰。常用,it,来替代。,精品课件,【,例,4】How many _ can you see in the picture?,Two.(2016,,志丹模拟,),A,dog B,child C,sheeps D,sheep,解析:,how many,意为“多少”,其后跟复数名词。,dog,,,child,是单数名词;,sheep,的单复数形式相同。,答案:,_,_,【,例,5】Each couple in China can have two _ from January 1st,,,2016.(,2016,,昆明,),A,boy B,girl C,children D,child,解析:,根据此空前的,two,,可知此处需要可数名词的复数形式。,boy,、,girl,、,child,都是单数形式,,children,为,child,的复数形式。,答案:,_,_,D,C,精品课件,高频考点四名词所有格,有生命的东西的名词所有格,一般在词尾加“,s”,。如:,Its my mothers handbag.,这是我妈妈的手提包。,以,s,或,es,结尾的名词末尾只加“,”,。有些表示时间、距离、国家、城镇等无生命的事物的名词,也可以加“,s”,构成所有格。如:,Its only twenty minutes walk.,这只是步行,20,分钟的路程。,Who won the girls 100meter race,?谁赢了女子,100,米赛跑?,不以,s,或,es,结尾的复数名词末尾仍要加“,s”,。如:,Wheres the Peoples Hospital,,,please,?请问人民医院在哪儿?,Its the policemens bedroom.,这是警察宿舍。,精品课件,表示两个或多个人共同拥有的人或物时,只需在并列名词的后一个名词词尾加“,s”,。若表示两者各自所拥有时,则每个名词后均加“,s”,。试比较:,Lily and Lucys father is a worker.,莉莉和露茜的父亲是工人。,Lilys and Lucys fathers are both workers.,莉莉的父,亲和露茜的父亲都是工人。,有些名词,(,如:诊所、家、店铺等,),所有格后面加“,s”,后,可以省去表示相关处所的名词。如:,the doctors(,医生诊所,),,,Mr.Whites(,怀特先生家,),,,the booksellers(,书店,),。,of,所有格主要表示无生命的东西。如:,a map of China,一幅中国地图。,既表示所属关系又表示数量时要用双重所有格。如:,an old friend of my uncles,,,a photo of Jims family,等。,精品课件,【,例,6】Are you sure this is a photo _,,,the famous comedy actress?,It surprised you,,,didnt it,?,But she was once really thin.(,2016,,东营,),A,Jia Ling B,Jia Lings,C,of Jia Ling D,of Jia Lings,解析:,a photo of sb.,sbs photo,某人的照片;,of,表示“,的”;,s,也表示“,的”,是所有格形式。,答案:,_,_,【,例,7】Therell be a _ meeting next week,,,and my parents will _ come for it.(,2016,,安顺,),A,parents,;,all B,parents,;,both,C,parents,;,all D,parents,;,both,解析:,由于,parent(,父母,),是一个复数名词,其所有格应为,parents,根据语境,my parents(,我的父母亲,),是两个人,第二空处应填,both(,两者都,),。,答案:,_,_,C,B,精品课件,冠词,精品课件,高频考向一不定冠词,a,,,an,不定冠词,an,用于以元音音素开头的单词前,而,a,用于以辅音音素开头的单词前。如:,an apple,一个苹果,an hour,一小时,a book,一本书,a university,一所大学,泛指某一类
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