化工专业英语全解课件

,*,崔洪涛,化学生物理工学院,化工英语阅读,Unit 1 Chemical industry,Stand germany in good stead:,使德国得到很大的好处,The lions share:,最大的份额,Intermediate:,中间体,The difficulty comes in deciding at which point in this sequence the particular operation,ceases to be part of the chemical industrys sphere of activities.,在这个生产过程中，区分哪些属于化学工业活动是困难的。,-blocker:,阻断药,Crease-resistant,：抗皱的,Non-iron,免熨烫的,Weathering,：侵蚀,All weather,：全天候,Pitch,；沥青,Commitment:,投入,Unit 1 Chemical industryStand,Unit 2 Research and development,We can pick out a number of areas of R&D activity in the following paragraphs but if,we were to start with those which were to spring to the mind of the academic,rather,than the industrial,chemist then these would be basic,fundamental(background)or,exploratory research and the synthesis of new compounds.,Academic:,学术的,Synthesis,：合成,在随后的段落中，我们可以挑选出很多研究开发行为的领域。如果这些是学术性化学,家而不是工业化学家所从事的研究开发行为，那么这些行为将是基础、开创性的研究,和新化合物的合成。,Exploratory,：开创性的,Blue sky:,高高在上的，基本的,Unit 2 Research and developmen,Unit 3 Typical activities of chemical engineers,Constant temperature bath:,恒温水浴,Reactant,：反应物,Distillation column:,蒸馏塔,Scale up,：放大,Chemistry,：化学原理,Civil,：土木,Metallurgical,：冶金,Piping,：管道,Utility:,公用物质,Pilot plant:,中试厂,Flow sheet,：流程图,Corrosion allowance,：腐蚀裕度,Logistic,：后勤保障,Startup:,开车,Initial commissioning,：交工式运转,Shift work,：换班工作,Inventory,：详细目录,Spare part,：备件,Unit 3 Typical activities of c,Unit 5 Basic Chemicals,Consolidation:,巩固、,合并,May well:,可能,Swap:,交换,The industry will move more to serving the rest of the chemical industry and less to,serving the farming industry.,工业将趋向于服务化学工业的其余部分，而不是农业。,Another threat is the perceived environmental messiness of many large-scale,processes.,Perceived:,感觉到的,Messiness:,凌乱不整洁,困境,另一个威胁是很多大规模工艺所已经面临的环境困境。,The industry may well see increased consolidation as,化学工业可能会日益巩固，当,Unit 5 Basic ChemicalsConsolid,The drive to increase,d,recycling and the ideal of emission-free plants will be a major,factor influencing the development of the industry in the next decade.,增加回收利用的动力和无废物排放工厂的理想在下个十年里是影响工业发展,的主要因素。,The drive to increased recycli,Unit 6 Chlor-Alkali and Related Processes,Bulk chemical industry:,大化工,The segment is normally taken to include.,氯碱工业包括。,Ever since:,从那时到现在,自从,The peculiar economics of electrolytic processes mean that you have to make,chlorine and caustic soda together in a fixed ratio whatever the relative demand,for the two totally different types of product,and this causes swings in the price,of caustic soda which can render soda-ash more or less favorable as an alkali.,Swing:,波动,Render:,呈递,归还,着色,汇报,致使,放弃,表演,实施,按照固定的比率生产氯和苛性钠而不论这两个完全不同类型的产品的相对需求，,这种电解工艺的特殊经济特性会造成苛性钠的价格波动，这会偏向于用纯碱作为,碱。,Unit 6 Chlor-Alkali and Relate,翻译长句子的规则和经验：,1.,抓住长句子中的主句，一般是长句子中的第一句。其它部分是围绕主句展开的。,2.,搞清楚其它部分的主语是指的主句中的哪个部分，或者是修饰主句中的,哪一部分，或和主句有什么关系。,4.,在清楚关系后，先翻译主句，然后根据主句翻译其它部分，再理顺他们之间的,关系，相互关联翻译，不要独立于其它部分之外翻译。,5.,不要按照字面翻译，而要意译，翻译流畅而要忠于原文原意。,3.,搞清楚从句之间的关系，是否后一从句和前一从句是从属关系，和主句又有和,关系。,翻译长句子的规则和经验：1.抓住长句子中的主句，一般是长句子,Readily,：容易地,Brine:,盐水,Limestone:,石灰石,Ready:,有准备的,准备完毕的,甘心的,情愿的,现成的,迅速的,Complex:,复杂,合成物,络合物,联合企业,Laid down(Lay down):,放下,形成,Laid down over geological time by various marine organisms.,Over:,在,.,期间,在,.,时间内,Geological time:,地质时期,在一段地质时期内由海洋生物形成的。,About 40%of the output of the lime industry goes into steel-making,where it is,Used to react with the refractory silica present in iron ore to give a fluid slag which,Floats to the surface and is easily separated from the liquid metal.,大约,40%,的石灰工业的产出投入到钢铁的制造中，它被用来和铁矿石中的高熔点的,氧化硅反应形成液渣浮到液体金属的表面并被容易的分离出来。,Readily：容易地Laid down(Lay down,Remotely:,遥远地,偏僻地,非常地,Strength,：,浓度,Ammonia absorber:,氨吸收器,Nominally:,微少的,The process,which was perfected by ernest solvay in 1865,is based on the,precipitation of NaHCO,3,when an anmmoniated solution of salt is carbonated,with CO,2,from a coke-fired lime kiln.,于,1865,年被,ernest solvay,完善的这个工艺，是基于氨化的盐溶液和焦炭煅烧的石,灰窑中产生的二氧化碳所形成的碳酸反应生成碳酸氢钠沉淀。,Debatable:,成问题的，可争辩的,Light soda-ash:,轻质纯碱,Remotely:遥远地,偏僻地非常地Strength：浓,These,are used by industries that need the liquid sodium,mainly in the production,of tetra-alkyl lead petroleum additives,though the petroleum additive companies,are diversifying,and other uses may appear.,Diversify:,使多样化,这些（指钠和氯）被需要液体钠的工业所使用，尽管石油添加剂公司正在多样化它们,的产品，钠的其它用途也许会出现，但是它主要用来生产石油添加剂四烷基铅。,Memberance cells are really the only technology that is viable for new capacity in,modern plants,but a large amount of old capacity still exists and many companies,have not found it economical to replace even their mercury cells,despite the,enviromental implications.,膜电池对于现代化工厂中新增的生产能力是唯一可行的技术，但是相当大量的旧,生产能力仍然存在，许多公司发现甚至用膜电池来替换存在环境问题的汞电池在,经济上也是不划算的。,Uphill:,上坡的，向上的,Gloriously:,光荣的，辉煌的,非常的,These are used by industries t,In turn:,依次，轮流,继续,Sort out:,挑选出，理清,解决,In turn:依次，轮流继续Sort out:挑选出，,refer to sb.sth.as:,称某人,物,为,Unit 9 Polymer,Convention:,习俗,惯例,Bulk polymer:,本体聚合物,Coil:,线圈,sweep out,：扫掉、清除,占据,Make up:,组成,Aliphatic,：脂肪族的,Aromatic,：芳香族的,Elastomer:,人造橡胶,Liability,：责任,义务,Sparingly:,节俭地,保守地,refer to sb.sth.as:称某人物为,Advanced performance:,高性能,Random copolymer:,无规共聚物,Alternating copo