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,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,会计学,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,会计学,1,lesson,雅思小作文柱状图,会计学1lesson 雅思小作文柱状图,柱状图 Bar Chart,柱形图的功能：,1.,通常用于显示某一项目在某几个特定的时间段内的数据变化特征。,2.,比较几个项目在某几个特定的时间段内的差异。,第1页/共28页,柱状图 Bar Chart柱形图的功能：1.通常用于显示某,柱状图 Bar Chart,柱形统计图的特点：,图形显示的比较清晰、直观，并能同时对比各个项目在某特定时间点上的差异。但对于单个项目来说，因各个时间段的变化不是连续的，所以不能反映出项目的变化的明显差异及变化规律。,形式多样：,从同一组项目中的柱子数量可分为单柱与多柱,第2页/共28页,柱状图 Bar Chart柱形统计图的特点：第2页/共28页,垂直与水平,柱形图,垂直直方图,(vertical histogram).,用长条显示数据的值,既可以展示数值变化,又可用与多个数据之间的比较,.,但由于柱形图反映的各个数据之间没有连接点,因此在反映变动趋势上不如曲线图有效,.,条形图,水平直方图,(horizontal histogram).,和柱形图相似,仅是柱形图的,90,度旋转,.,描述不同类别之间的差别情况,突出数值的比较,而淡化某项数值变化,.,形式多样：,从柱子的方向，可为柱形图和条形图,第3页/共28页,垂直与水平柱形图,垂直直方图(vertical histo,柱状图 Bar Chart,单柱子,Only one item,写作思路：,如果以时间为横轴的话，就写变动趋势（写法同线形图）,第4页/共28页,柱状图 Bar Chart单柱子第4页/共28页,柱状图 Bar Chart,单柱子,Only one item,写作思路：,如果是以组为横轴，则进行数据对比（写法同饼状图）。,第5页/共28页,柱状图 Bar Chart单柱子第5页/共28页,柱状图 Bar Chart,多柱子,More than one items,写作思路：,数据少比如每个组里就两个柱子，可以全写；,如果数据比较多，比如每个组里有五个柱子，那就取几个最大或者最小的就行，也就是说在比较的过程中想要拿到想要的结果就要找对比鲜明的那一对就对了。,把对比最鲜明的几个柱子描述清楚，其他的可以一带而过。,第6页/共28页,柱状图 Bar Chart多柱子第6页/共28页,描写柱状图的要点,如何观察图表,?,首先要看清各个柱子所代表的项目及数值意义,;,找出最大和最小的数据，比较柱子与柱子之间的落差，突出落差的极值,;,数据,分成几组,?,表明趋势或对比结果,1.,数据对象少且横轴为时间轴时,对不同时间段内的同一信息进行历时比较,;,2.,数据对象很多时,对多个数据组进行整体比较,;,如何比较,?,一个段落说明一种比较内容；,比较要按一定的思路来组织,第7页/共28页,描写柱状图的要点如何观察图表?第7页/共28页,思路,1,对不同数据进行比较,突出极值,.(,同,单线图,),第8页/共28页,思路1对不同数据进行比较,突出极值.(同单线图)第8页,思路,2,(,同,多线图,),1.,项目少,且时间界限明确时,对不同时间段内的同一信息进行比较,.(,如有必要强调同一数据组内部的差异,),第9页/共28页,思路2(同多线图)1.项目少,且时间界限明确时,对不,思路,3,2.,数据对象很多时,先对多个数据组,进行整体比较,然后强调同一项目数值变化及差异,.,The graph below shows the figures for imprisonment in five countries between 1930 and 1980.,Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.,先整个比较五个国家的,imprisonment,；再分析某一个国家的不同年份的,imprisonment,的数值变动。,第10页/共28页,思路32.数据对象很多时,先对多个数据组进行整体比较,Sample 1,The graph below shows the different modes of transport used to travel to and from work in one European city in 1960,1980 and 2000.,第11页/共28页,Sample 1The graph below shows,思路：,将柱状图当成线形图来写；,连接极值，成四条线,进行分类：,增长的,car；,减少的,bus,波动的,train tube,第12页/共28页,思路：进行分类：第12页/共28页,P1,The graph below shows the different modes of transport used to travel to and from work in one European city in 1960,1980 and 2000.,The,bar,graph shows the,changing patterns,in commuting by train,car,tube or bus for commuters,in one European city in the years 1960,1980 and 2000.,They had different change situations.,the task,Your writing:,Introduction sentence and overview sentence,第13页/共28页,P1The graph below shows the di,P2,The number of people using trains at first,rose,from just under 20%in,1960,to about 26%in,1980,but then,fell back,to about 23%in,2000,.,body:,trains,第14页/共28页,P2The number of people using t,P3,Use of the tube was,relatively stable,falling,from around 27%,of commuters in,1960,to 22%,in,1980,but,climbing back to,reach 25%,by,2000,.,body:,tube,第15页/共28页,P3Use of the tube was relative,P4,On the other hand,the use of cars,increased steadily,from just over 5%,in,1960,to 23%,in 1980,reaching almost 40%,by,2000,whereas,the popularity of buses has,declined,since,1960,falling,f,rom just under 35%,in,1960,to 27%,in 1980,and,only 15%,in,2000,.,body:,car and bus,第16页/共28页,P4On the other hand,the use o,P5,The graph indicates,the growing use,of cars for commuting to work between 1960-2000,and the,continued decline,in the popularity of buses from being the most popular mode of transport in 1960 to the least popular in 2000.,Your writing:,conclusion,第17页/共28页,P5The graph indicates the grow,The chart below shows the different levels of post-school qualification in Australia and the proportion of men and women who held them in 1999.,Sample 2,第18页/共28页,The chart below shows the diff,第19页/共28页,第19页/共28页,第20页/共28页,第20页/共28页,分组法,低学历（,skilled vocational diploma,）女低于男,中学历（,undergraduate diploma,Bachelors degree,）女高于男，而且,Bachelors degree,的两者数值基本相等。,高学历（,postgraduate diploma,masters degree,）女低于男,第21页/共28页,分组法第21页/共28页,P1,The chart below,shows,the different levels of post-school qualification in Australia and the proportion of men and women who held them in 1999.,The chart,gives information,about post-school qualifications,in terms of,the different levels of further education reached by men and women in Australia in 1999.,the task,Your writing:,Introduction sentence,第22页/共28页,P1The chart below shows the di,P2,From the chart,w,e can see immediately that there were,substantial differences,in the proportion of men and women at different levels.,Your writing:,overview sentence,第23页/共28页,P2From the chart,we can see i,P,3,The biggest gender difference,is at the lowest post-school level,where,90%,of those who held a skilled vocational diploma were men,compared with,only,10%,of women.,By,contrast,more women held undergraduate diplomas,(70%),and,fewer women reached degree level,(55%).,Your writing:,Lower level,第24页/共28页,P3The biggest gender differenc,P,4,At the higher levels of education,men with postgraduate diplomas clearly,outnumbered,their female,counterparts,(70%and 30%,respectively,),and also,constituted,60%of Master
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