汉英笔译基础教程第8章重复与替换

,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,*,LOGO,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,*,汉英笔译根底教程,Basics of Chinese to English Translation,第八章 重复与替换,Contents,8.1,字的重复,I,8.2,词语的重复,II,8.3,句式的重复,III,8.4,意义的重复,IV,8.1,字的重复,曲曲折折的荷塘上面，弥望的是田田的叶子。叶子出水很高，像亭亭的舞女的裙。层层的叶子中间，零星地点缀着些白花，有袅娜地开着的，有羞涩地打着朵儿的；正如一粒粒的明珠，又如碧天里的星星，又如刚出浴的美人。微风过处，送来缕缕清香，仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的。这时候叶子与花也有一丝的颤抖，象闪电般，霎时传过荷塘的那边去了。叶子本是肩并肩密密地挨着，这便宛然有了一道凝碧的波痕。叶子底下是脉脉的流水，遮住了，不能见一些颜色，而叶子却更见风致了。,All over this winding stretch of water,what meets the eye is a silken field of leaves,reaching rather high above the surface,like the skirts of dancing girls in all their grace.Here and there,layers of leaves are dotted with white lotus blossoms,some in demure bloom,others in shy bud,like scattering pearls,or twinkling stars,our beauties just out of the bath.A breeze stirs,sending over breaths of fragrance,like faint singing drifting from a distant building.At this moment,a tiny thrill shoots through the leaves and flowers,like a streak of lightning,straight across the forest of lotuses.The leaves,which have been standing shoulder to shoulder,are caught trembling in an emerald heave of the pond.Underneath,the exquisite water is covered from view,and none can tell its colour;yet the leaves on top project themselves all the more attractively.朱纯深译,As far as eye could see,the pool with its,winding,margin was covered with,trim,leaves,which rose high out of the water like the,flared,skirts of dancing girls.And starring these,tiers,of leaves were white lotus flowers,alluringly open or bashfully in bud,like glimmering pearls,stars,in an azure sky,or beauties fresh from the bath.The breeze carried past,gusts,of fragrance,like the strains of a song faintly heard from a far-off tower.And leaves and blossoms trembled slightly,while in a flash the scent was carried away.As the,closely serried,leaves bent,a tide of opaque emerald could be glimpsed.That was the,softly running,water beneath,hidden from sight,its colour invisible,though the leaves looked more graceful than ever.(,杨宪益、戴乃迭译,),On the uneven surface of the pond,all one could see was a mass of leaves,all interlaced and shooting high above the water like the skirts of slim dancing girls.The leaves were dotted in between the layers with white flowers,some blooming gracefully;others,as if bashfully,still in bud.They were like bright pearls and stars in an azure sky.Their subtle fragrance was wafted by the passing breeze,in whiffs airy as he notes of a song coming faintly from some distant tower.There was a tremor on leaf and flower,which,with the suddenness of lightning,soon drifted to the far end of the pond.The leaves,softly hidden from view,water was rippling even its color was not discernible so that the leaves looked more enchanting.王椒升译,叠词的英译方法分两种：,保存语音或词语的重叠,用单个的名词、介词词组、动词、形容词、副词方式译出,8.1.1 保存叠音效果,汽车,喀哒喀哒,地沿街驶了过去。,The car,chattered and chattered,down the street.,那个男人根本不像军人。做事,犹豫豫,的,倒似个老妇女。,That man is not at all like a military man.,Shilly-shallying,about like an old woman.,当一个佣人,慌慌张张,冲进客厅,告诉他有人在用树桩轰门时,他还以为自己在做梦。,When a servant,，,flurried and confused,，,rushed into the drawing-room to tell him that some people were thrusting the door with a tree stake,，,he thought he was dreaming a dream.,8.1.2,舍弃叠音效果,成群成群的蝗虫消灭了大片大片的稻田庄稼。,Hordes of locusts ruined the crops in tracts of rice field.,这是一条幽僻的路；白天也少人走，夜晚更加寂寞。荷塘四面，长着许多树，蓊蓊郁郁的。,It is peaceful and secluded here,a place not frequented by pedestrians even in the daytime;now at night,it looks more solitary,in a lush,shady ambience of trees all around the pond.,他们在那儿等了整整3天。,They waited there for three clear days.,8.2,词语的重复,替代法,用替代的形式来代替上文或句中已出现过的词语或内容，以防止重复并连接上下文。,省略法,省略和替代一样，也是防止重复的一种常用手段。两者经常互相交替使用，尤其在并列结构中，汉语往往重复已出现的词语，而英语常常省略。,变换法,英语还常用同义词、近义词替换或上义词替代下义词等方法来寻求变换以防止同词重复。,8.2.1,替代法,一定的文化当作观念形态的文化是一定社会的政治和经济的反映，又给予一定社会的政治和经济以巨大的作用和影响。,Any given culture(as an ideological form)is a reflection of the politics and economics of a given society,and the former in turn has a tremendous effect and influence on the latter.,一个人的工作，究竟是三分成绩七分错误，还是七分成绩三分错误，必须有个根本的估价。,We must have a fundamental evaluation of a persons work and establish whether his achievements amount to 30 percent and his mistakes to 70 percent,or vice versa.,8.2.2,省略法,我们一些旧衣服和旧家具，,当的当了，卖的卖了,。,Our old clothes and few sticks of furniture have been,pawned or sold,.,还有秋雨哩，北方的秋雨，也似乎比南方的,下得奇，下得有味，下得更像样,。,As for autumn rains in the North,they also seem to differ from those in the South,being more appealing,more temperate.,8.2.3,变换法,非洲人民正在为争取非洲的彻底解放进行着艰巨的斗争。,The people of Africa are waging a hard struggle to win the complete emancipation of the continent.,封建社会代替奴隶社会，资本主义社会代替封建主义社会，社会主义经历一个过程开展后必然代替资本主义。,Feudal society replaced slave society,capitalism supplanted feudalism,and,after a long time,socialism will necessarily supersede capitalism.,8.3,句式的重复,我思念那洞庭湖，我思念那长江，我思念那东海，那浩浩荡荡的无边无际的波澜呀！那浩浩荡荡的无