大学外贸英语chapter 13 GATT

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Chapter 13,GATT,关贸总协定,Warm-up Questions,What is GATT?,When was it established?,What were the objects of GATT?,New words,1.predecessor n.前辈，前身,2.to observe vt.遵守,3.successor n.继承者,4.permanent a.永久的，持久的,5.forum n.论坛,6.vicious a.恶性的,7.to obligate v.强制，强迫,8.like a.相似的，同类的,9.to institute vt.实行,10.to retard vt.阻碍，阻止，耽误，延迟,11.predictable a.可预言的,parable a.可比较的，类似的,13.emergency n.紧急,14.to incur vt.招致,15.to suspend vt.推迟，中止,16.consultation n.磋商,17.counter-retaliative a.反报复性的,18.mediation n.调解,19.transparency n.透明,20.contribution n.奉献,21.to initiate vt.发动,22.sweeping a.范围广阔的,23.to tumble vi.倒塌,24.surge n.突然的增长,New words,25.reciprocity n.,互惠的义务,26.to strain vt.,使紧张,27.to check vt.,控制，制止,28.proliferation n.,扩散,29.to reverse vt.,使倒转，逆,30.to ensure vt.,保证,31.provision n.,条款，规定,32.pharmaceutical n.,药品,33.apparel n.,服装，衣服,34.to resolve vt.,解决,(,争端、问题等,),35.to ban vt.,禁止，取缔,36.hormone n.,激素,37.phase-in a.,分批引入的,38.guilty a.,有罪的,39.to block vt.,阻止，拦阻,40.psychologically adv.,心理学上的,41.destructive a.,破坏性的,42.to address vt.,对付，处理,(problems,，,etc.),43.reversal n.,倒退,44.remaining a.,剩余的,45.to induce vt.,引诱，劝使,46.to explore vt.,探讨，探索,47.interbloc a.,集团间的,Economic Terms,1.most-favored-nation provision(or clause)最惠国待遇条款,2.preferential tariff 特惠税率，特惠税那么,3.protection by tariff and tariff concession 关税保护与关税减让,4.general elimination of quantitative restriction 全面取消数量限制,5.export license(licence)出口许可(证)=official permission for export,6.countervailing duty(or tariff)抵消关税=extra import duty imposed by a country on certain imports.It is usu.used to prevent dumping or to counteract export subsidies given by foreign countries.,Economic Terms,7.normal value 正常价值,8.primary product 初级产品,9.exemption and emergency action 豁免与紧急行动,10.consultation and mediation 磋商与调解,11.protectionist device 保护主义手段,12.research cost 研究本钱,13.security firm证券公司,14.centrally planned economy 中央方案经济,15.market economy 市场经济,Useful Phrases and Idiomatic Expressions,1.without regard to 不考虑,2.to be embodied by 被所包含,3.in excess of 超过,4.in respect of 关于，至于,5.in whole 全部地,6.in part 局部地,7.in a nutshell 扼要地,8.to go into effect 生效(to become effective；to take effect),9.on a product-by-product basis 在一个产品一个产品的根底上,10.in ruins 处于破产境地，处于崩溃状态,11.to peak at 高达,12.to get around GATT regulation 绕过关贸总协定的规定,13.to bar sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事,14.to break up into 分成,15.to phase out 逐步结束，逐步淘汰，逐步撤出,16.to be excluded from 被排斥在之外,17.to be better off 经济情况较好的，生活较优裕的,18.to slip into 滑入，跌进,Useful Phrases and Idiomatic Expressions,1.GATT 关贸总协定,2.Doha Round 多哈回合(WTO成立后的第一个回合),3.Uruguay Round 乌拉圭回合,4.non-discrimination 非歧视,5.contracting parties 订约方,6.Annecy Round 安纳西回合,7.Torquay Round 托尔基回合,8.Punta del Este 埃斯特角(乌拉圭的首都),Notes,GATT,:General Agreement on,Tariffs and Trade,Reasons for discussing the GATT,The nature of GATT,The objectives of GATT,Major principles of GATT,Chief contributions of GATT,Uruguay Round,Chapter Outline,For more than 45 years before the setting up of the WTO in 1994,international trade policies had been governed by the GATT.,GATT is the predecessor of the WTO,so we must have a look at it before we discuss the WTO.,The basic principles of the GATT are still observed by its successor,the WTO.,Reasons for discussing the GATT,The GATT was not a formal international trade body but an international treaty or a multilateral agreement signed by 23 countries in 1947 with efforts mainly from the U.S.and the U.K.It came into force on January 1，1948.,Nature of GATT,To expand world trade through multilateral trade negotiations and decreasing and eventually eliminating all trade barriers;,To provide a permanent forum for resolving international trade problems,esp.for solving those facing developing countries;,To limit government intervention that restricts international trade;,To prevent the vicious circle of trade protectionism of the 1920s-1930s from happening again.,Objectives of GATT,Non-discrimination,Protection by Tariff and Tariff Concessions,General Elimination of Quantitative Restriction,Fair Trade Based on Prohibition of Dumping and Restriction,Exemption and Emergency Action Principle,Consultation and Mediation Principle,Special Preferential Treatment to Developing Countries,Transparency Principle,GATTs Principles,Tariff Reduction,Preferential Treatment to Developing Countries,Gradual Elimination of Tariff and Non-tariff Barriers to Trade in Some Sectors,Setting-up of the WTO in 1994,Contributions of GATT,Why Called the Uruguay Round(UR),Background,Objectives of the UR,Reason for Delay in Completion of the UR,Major Provisions of the Uruguay Round,Tariff,Quotas,Antidumping,Subsidies,Safeguard,Intellectual property,Services,Other industry provisions,Trade-related investment measures,World Trade Organization,Outstanding Trade Problems,Urug