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Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,1,UNDERSTANDING GROUPS AND TEAMS,理解群体与团队,Chapter,15,1UNDERSTANDING GROUPS AND TEAM,Learning Outcomes,学习成果,阅读及学习完本章后要求掌握以下,3,点，并能回答其中的有关问题：,LO,15.1,群体的定义和群体的形成发展,LO,15.2,什么因素决定着一个工作群体的业绩与满意度,LO,15.3,如何将群体转变为有效的工作团队,2,Learning Outcomes 学习成果阅读及学习完本,Groups and Group Development,群体和群体发展,Learning Outcome,15.1,Define the group.,定义群体,Understand,the formal and informal groups.,了解正式和非正式群体,Describe the five stages of group development.,描述群体发展,5,阶段,3,Groups and Group Development群体,Work Group Performance and Satisfaction,工作群体的业绩与满意度,Learning Outcome,15.2,Describe,the group behavior model and the 5 variables that determine group performance and satisfaction.,描述群体行为模型及影响工作群体业绩和满意度的,5,个变量,Explain how external conditions and group member resources affect group behavior.,解释外部条件和群体成员资源如何影响群体行为,Explain how group structure influences group,behavior.,解释群体结构如何影响群体行为,Explain how group processes and group tasks influence group behavior.,解释群体过程和群体任务如何影响群体行为,4,Work Group Performance and Sat,Turning Groups Into Effective Teams,将群体转变为有效的工作团队,Learning Outcome,15.3,Describe the four most common types of work teams.,描述,4,种最为常见的工作团队形式,List the characteristics of effective teams.,列出有效团队的特征,5,Turning Groups Into Effective,Understanding Groups,了解群体,Group,群体定义,由两个或两个以上的个体组成，相互作用并相互依赖，以实现特定的目标。,Two or more interacting and interdependent individuals who come together to achieve specific goals.,Formal groups,正式群体,按照组织结构分配给特定工作与任务的群体,该群体的行为表现要符合组织的目标,Informal groups,非正式群体,由于群体成员的社交需要而自发形成的群体,Understanding Groups 了解群体Group,图,151 Stages of Group Development,群体发展,5,阶段,P.422,图 151 Stages of Group Develo,Stages in Group Development,群体发展,5,阶段,P.422,1,、,Forming,形成,成员已经确定，思考摸索群体的目的，相互关系，结构和领导人,2,、,Storming,震荡,由于个人对群体控制的不习惯，领导人的意见不合，群体内部出现冲突,3,、,Norming,规范,形成了大家都接受的行为规范，群体趋于默契，凝聚力增强，内部紧密关系建立,4,、,Performing,执行,形成了良好的群体结构，可以比较有效地完成赋予群体的各项任务,5,、,Adjourning,解体,群体准备解散，成员不再关心群体业绩,Stages in Group Development群体,Understanding Work Group Behavior,理解工作群体的行为,PP.430-433,Group Performance,群体业绩,Member,Satisfaction,成员满意度,Variables Affecting Group Behavior,影响群体行为的变量,Internal Variables,External,Variables,Understanding Work Group Behav,图,157 Group Behavior Model,群体行为模型,P.431,Performance and Satisfaction,业绩和满意度,Group,Tasks,群体任务,External,Conditions,Imposed,on the Group,作用于群体的外部条件因素,Group,Member Resources,群体成员,资源,Group Structure,群体结构,Group Process,群体,（运行）,过程,图 157 Group Behavior Model 群体,Conditions Affecting Group Behavior,影响群体行为的条件,P.431,External(Organizational)Conditions,外部（组织的）条件,组织总体战略、规章制度、绩效评估体系、组织文化、工作场所、员工甄选，等等,Group,Member Resources,群体成员资源,群体成员的胜任能力（知识，技能，能力,.),成员的人格个性,Conditions Affecting Group Beh,Group Structure,群体结构,PP.423-427,12,群体结构,Roles,角色,Norms,规范,Conformity,从众（遵从）,Status,地位,Size,规模,Cohesiveness,凝聚力,Group Structure 群体结构 PP.423-4,Group Roles,群体中的角色,Role,角色,:,期望某个成员所具有的一套行为模式,群体中一般有不同的角色,Role conflict,角色冲突,:,承担多种矛盾的角色,Role ambiguity,角色模糊,:,角色分工不是很清楚,Group Roles 群体中的角色Role 角色:期望,Norms and Conformity,规范与从众行为,PP.424-425,Norms,规范,由群体成员共同拥有的可接受标准或期望。,Acceptable standards or expectations that are shared by the groups members.,一些常见的规范,工作努力和业绩规范,Output levels,产出水平,上班迟到,工作节奏,等等,着装,Dress,忠诚,Loyalty,Norms and Conformity 规范与从众行为P,图,152 Examples of Cards Used in the Asch Study,P.425,ASCH,STUDY,阿希实验,图 152 Examples of Cards Use,Norms and Conformity,规范与从众行为,PP.424-425,Conformity,从众（遵从）现象,为了被群体认可，群体成员往往会有从众行为。,群体压力会影响群体成员个人的判断和态度,和以往相比，从众行为的效果已经减弱，但仍然对群体行为有重要影响。,Norms and Conformity 规范与从众行为,Group Structure:Status,群体结构,:,地位,Status System,地位体系,正规的或者非正规的对于群体成员的威望,地位,或者排位方法，用来认可个人对群体的贡献及行为的激励。,影响到群体成员之间的关系,影响到群体规范形成,正式或非正式授予,/,形成,注意文化差异：,来自于贡献，能力？,来自于家庭背景？,Group Structure:Status 群体结构:,Group Structure:Size,群体结构：规模,P.426,Group,Size,群体规模,Small groups,小群体（,12,人以下）,小群体完成任务比大群体的速度快,Large groups,（,12,人以上）,大群体解决问题的质量,比小群体要好,Group Structure:Size 群体结构：规模,Group Structure:Size,群体结构：规模,P.426,搭便车效应,(free rider tendency),改为,Social Loafing,社会惰化,
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