被动语态的用法和主动句变被动句

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2016-10-29,#,Passive Voice(2),By Grace Wong,From Shifosi Junior High School,被动语态的用法,歌诀,：,谁,做的动作不知道,，,说,出谁做的,没必,要；,动,作承受者需强调,，,被,动语态运用到。,被动语态的用法,(1),不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。,例如：,some new computers were stolen last night.,一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。,(,不知道电脑是谁偷的,),This book was published in 1981.,这本书出版于,1981,年。（没有必要或说出出版者）,被动语态的用法,(2),强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。,例如：,The window was broken by mike.,窗户是迈克打破的。,This book was written by,Lu Xun,.,这本书,是,鲁迅,写,的。,The dinosaur eggs were found in the Gebi Desert in the 1960s.,那些恐龙蛋是,20,世纪,60,年代在戈壁滩上被发现的。,被动语态的用法,(3),为了更好地安排句子。,例,：,The,well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people.,（一个主语就够了,）,(4),在传递命令或要求的时候，为了缓和语气，通常用被动语态让听者感觉此事对事不对人。,例：,The books cant be taken out of the reading room.,（书不能被拿出阅览室。）,主动句变被动句,(1),把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。,(,2),把谓语变成被动结构,(be,过去分词,),(,根据被动语态句子里的,主语的人称和数,，以及原来主动语态句子中,动词的时态,来决定,be,的形式,),。,(,3),把主动语态中的主语放在介词,by,之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。,变化：,示例,The boy,broke,the glass,.,The glass,was broken,by,the boy,.,从主动语态变为被动语态,1.,主语 介词,by,宾语,2.,谓语 加,be,并变为过去分词,3.,宾语 主语,主动句变被动句,主动句：,主语,+,谓语,+,宾语,。,（执行者）,（承受者）,被动句：,主语,+,谓语,+,by,+,宾语,。,（承受者）（,be+done,）,（执行者）,All,the people,laughed at,him.,He,was laughed at,by,all the,people,.,主动句变被动句,（,1,）,We,must finish,this work,soon,.,This,work,must be,finished,soon,.,（,2,）,Tom,has locked,the door,.,The door,has been locked by,Tom.,（,3,）,They,clean the classroom every day.,The classroom,is cleaned every day.,主动句变被动句,需,要注意的问题,（,1,）时态保持一致,。,I,have repaired,my,computer.,My,computer,has been repaired,.,（,2,）,有些相当于及物动词,的,短,语动词,，,如,“,动词介词,”,，,“,动词副词,”,等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。,例,All the people,laughed at,him.,He,was laughed at,by all the people,.,主动句变被动句,需,要注意的问题,（,3,）,带,双宾语的句子有两种改法,:,一般情况下把指人,的间接宾,语作为被动句的主语,.,当,把指物的直,接宾,语作,为主语时，要加介词,to,for,Vivian,gave me a book.(,双宾语，人间物直，,me,为间接宾语，,a book,为直接宾语,),-I was given a book by Vivian.,-A book was given,to,me by Vivian.,（,直接宾语提前时，要在间接宾语前加介词,）,主动句变被动句,需,要注意的问题,（,3,）,带,双宾语的句子有两种改法,:,一般情况下把指人的宾语作为被动句的主语,.,当把直接宾语物作为主语时，要加介词,to,for,主动语态：主语,+,谓语,+,间接宾语（人）,+,直接宾语（物）,被动语态,：（,1,）,主语,+,谓语,+,直,接宾语（物）,+by+,宾语。,（原间接宾语人）（,be done,）,（,2,）,主语,+,谓语,+to/for+,间接宾语（人）,+by+,宾语。,（原直接宾语物）（,be done,）,pass,show,send,此类动词有：,buy,be bought,for,如,：,give,be given,to,此类动词还有：,draw,，,make,cook,mend,Sb give sb1 sth.,Sb 1 be given sth by sb.,Sth be given,to,sb1 by sb.,My father gave me a new book.,Sb buy sb1 sth.,Sb 1 be bought sth by sb.,Sth be bought,for,sb1 by sb.,My father bought me a new book.,主动句变被动句,需,要注意的问题,（,4,）主动语态若有复合宾语，（即句子结构为主及物动词宾宾补），将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾,补,形式,不变,，但在被动句中称为主语补足语,。,They call him,Louis,.,He,is called,Louis,.,Our teacher often asks us,to be careful,.,We are often asked,to be careful,by our teacher.,主动句变被动句,需,要注意的问题,(5),如果主动句是含复合宾语的句子，,即句子结构为主及物动词宾宾补,，,主,动语态句中动词,make,let,(,使,sb,做,sth),notice,see.watch,look at,hear,listen to,feel,等,，后面接的是省略,to,的不定式在做宾语补足语，则,变,成被动语态时，后面的不定式需要加上,to.,Mr.Lee made him,wash,the dishes.,-He was made,to wash,the dishes.,主动句变被动句,需,要注意的问题,We often see him,go,for a walk by the river.,He is often seen,to go,for a walk by the river,.,Make,sb do sth be made to do sth,See,sb do sth be seen to do sth.,Hear,sb do sth be heard to do sth,Watch sb do sth be watched to do sth,see/hear sb.do sth,be seen/heard,to do,sth,see/hear sb.doing sth.,be seen/heard,doing,sth.,make sb.do sth.,be made to do sth.,主动,:,被动,:,主动,:,被动,:,主动,:,被动,:,主动句变被动句需要注意的问题,(6),It is said that+,从句及其他类似句型,一些表示,“,据说,”,或,“,相信,”,的动词如,believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think,等可以用于句,型,“,It,be,过去分词,that,从句,”,或,“,主语,be,过去分词,to do sth.”,。有：,It is said that,据说,It,is reported that,据报道,，,It,is believed that,大家相信,，,It,is hoped that,大家希望,，,It,is well known that,众所周知,，,It,is thought that,大家认为,，,It,is suggested that,据建议。,例,It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.,（,The boy,is,said to have passed the national exam.,）,常见的被动结构：,（1）.be covered with,被覆盖,（2）.be made of,由,制作（发生物理变化）,be made from,由,制作（发生化学变化）,be made in,在,（某地）制造,be made by,被,（某人）制造,3）be used,for被,用来,be used as,被当,作(作为)来使用,be used to do sth,被,用来做某事,（4）.It is said that,据,说,It,is reported/believed that,据,报道/据认为,It,is hoped that,人们,希,望,It,is well known that,众,所周知,1,.,The man _ clean the toilet because he _ rubbish when the police walked past the park.,A.,was made;was seen to throw,B.,was made to;was seen throwing,C.,made;saw,练 习,9.,Children should _.,A.,take good care of,B.,be taken good care,C.,be taken good care of,固定短语的被动不要丢掉后面的介词或副词,练 习,二、常见语态转换,（一）一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态。,练,习,1,。请将下列主动语态变成被动语态,1.Lucy bought some fruit.,Some fruit _ _ _ Lucy.,2.Uncle Wang waters the flowers every day.,The flowers _ _ _ Uncle Wang every day.,3.Did they build the bridge in 1998?,_ the bridge _ in 1998?,4.When did Lu Xun write these books?,When _these books _ _ Lu Xun?,5.The farmers dont grow apples on the farm.,Apples _ _ on the farm.,6.They didnt clean the classroom yesterday.,The classroom _ _ yesterday.,小结：,1,、被动语态的转换，在,be+,过去分词中，确定,_,是关键，,_,永不变。,2,、,Be,的时态由,_,确定；,be,的单,/,复数由,_,确定。,3,、问句提前,_;,否定,_,后加,not.,was bought by,are watered by,Wa