产科学英文ppt课件：4-normal-delivery

,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Normal Labor and Delivery,Normal Labor and Delivery,definition,Term delivery(labor):37-42weeks,pre-term delivery:28-37 weeks,post-term delivery:,42 weeks,Abortion:,28 weeks,85%of women spontaneous labor and delivery between 37-42 weeks,LMP:last menstrual period,EDC:expected date of confinememt,definitionTerm delivery(labor),Factors affecting the labor process:,Labor entails the interaction of the so-called 4Ps:,Passageway(birth canal),Passenger(fetus and placenta),Power(contractions),Psychological rersponse,Factors affecting the labor pr,The power,increase in frequency,、,duration,、,quality,uterus can be felt to harden during contraction,lasting about 30-45 seconds,interval between contractions to be 5 min,the pain of labor is a character,The power increase in frequen,产科学英文ppt课件：4-normal-delivery,NST CST,NST CST,Passageway:bony pelvis,The planes of pelvis,inlet plane(promontory),mid plane of pelvis(ischial spines),outlet plane(two intersecting triangles),Passageway:bony pelvisThe pla,Passageway:the soft tissue,The cervix(effacement and dilation):Effacement:How thin is the cervix(in cm or%),The pelvic floor muscles:help the fetus to rotate anteriorly as it passes through the birth canal.,The vagina:the soft tissue of the vagina expands to accommodate the fetus during birthing.,Passageway:the soft tissue Th,Passenger,Weight,position,PassengerWeight,Cardinal movement of labor:,The process of labor and delivery is marked by characteristic changes in fetal position or cardinal movements in relation to the maternal pelvis.These spontaneous adjustments are made to effect efficient passage through the pelvis as the fetus descends.,Cardinal movement of labor:Th,Mechanism of labor,Engagement*,Descent,Flexion,Internal rotation,Extension,External rotation,Mechanism of laborEngagement*,产科学英文ppt课件：4-normal-delivery,Threatened labor,False labor:irregular uterine contraction,Lightening,Show:mucus plug is expelled from the cervix mixing with a little blood,Threatened laborFalse labor:i,Symptoms and signs of the onset of the labor,Regular uterine contraction,effacement and dilation of the cervix,Descent of fetal presentation,Symptoms and signs of the onse,Stages of labor,The first stage:,onset of labor to full cervical dilation(10cm),the latent phase(onset to 6cm,6cm to 10cm,2h),The second stage:,10 cm to the delivery of the infant,3h,The third stage:,delivery of the placenta,30min,The fourth stage,:,2 hours after delivery of the placenta,Stages of laborThe first stage,Management of normal labor,The first stage,:,education,eating,voiding,position(sitting,reclining,recumbent),monitoring fetal heart rate,assessing dilation of cervix and frequency,assessment of uterus contractions,Management of normal labor The,The second stage,3 hour,fetal heart rate,Fetal position,maternal conditions,The second stage 3 hour,Pushing:,with the onset of each contraction,the mother is encouraged to inhale,hold her breath,and push,increase in intra-abdominal pressure,aiding in fetal descent through the birth cacal.,Pushing:,Head visible on vulval gapping*,Crowning of head*,Laceration or Episiotomy,Delivery of fetus,Deal with umbilical cord,产科学英文ppt课件：4-normal-delivery,产科学英文ppt课件：4-normal-delivery,产科学英文ppt课件：4-normal-delivery,the third stage:,waiting for up to 30 min,the uterus decreases in size,delivery of placenta(spontaneously,manually,inspection of the birth canal,evaluated for lacerations,the third stage:waiting for,“,The fourth stage,”,Postpartum hemorrhage,uterus palpation through the abdominal wall is repeats,the amount of blood on pads are monitored,pulse and BP are monitored,use of drug:oxytocin,“The fourth stage”Postpartum,Key points,1 What is,mechanism of labor?What consists of mechanism of labor?,2 How to access if placenta have seperated?,3 How to access the onset of labor?,Key points1 What is mechanism,THANK YOU,THANK YOU,