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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,ppt精选,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,二级,三级,四级,五级,ppt精选,*,专题六非谓语动词,1,ppt精选,专题六非谓语动词1ppt精选,考向分析,非谓语动词包括动名词、不定式、现在分词和过去分词,是重要的语法,项目之一,也是每年高考的必考点。在语法填空题中,针对非谓语动词,的考查主要集中在非谓语动词作主语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等,而,短文改错针对非谓语动词的考查主要以非谓语动词作宾语、定语、状,语等为重点。,2,ppt精选,考向分析2ppt精选,考点清单,非谓语动词的基本结构与句法功能,基,本,结,构,分 类,主动,被动,一般式,进行式,完成式,一般式,完成式,不定式,to do,to be doing,to have done,to be done,to have been done,现在分词/动名词,doing,having done,being done,having been done,过去分词,done,句,法,功,能,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,补足语,不定式,分 词,动名词,3,ppt精选,考点清单基分 类主动被动一般式进行式完成式一般式完成式不定式,一、非谓语动词作主语,单句填空,1.(2017江西九江十校二次联考)But conservationists say that,making,(make)ivory legal to sell would lead to even more illegal hunting.,答案,making句意:但自然环境保护主义者说使象牙出售合法化会导,致甚至更多的非法捕猎。设空处作宾语从句的主语,表达的内容并非指,某一次的具体行为,故用动名词形式作主语。因此填making。,用法精讲,4,ppt精选,一、非谓语动词作主语用法精讲4ppt精选,2.As time is pressing,I think,taking/to take,(take)a taxi is the best way to get from here to the conference centre.,答案,taking/to take此处为动名词或不定式在从句中作主语。,3.It is not necessary,to bargain,(bargain)on this small amount.,答案,to bargain“It+is+形容词+to do sth.”为常用句式,It为形式主,语,真正的主语是不定式短语。,单句改错,4.Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and din-,ner,which might not be served until 8 oclock at night.,HaveHaving,答案,HaveHavingprovides是主句的谓语动词,Having tea.是动名,词短语作主语,故Have应改为动名词形式。,5,ppt精选,2.As time is pressing,I think,动名词和不定式作主语时的区别:,1.不定式、动名词都可作主语,但动名词作主语多指抽象的、概念性的,动作,可以是多次的、经常性的行为;不定式作主语多表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的动作。,2.下列句型中常用动名词作主语。,用法精讲,It is/was+,+doing sth.,6,ppt精选,用法精讲It is/was+doing sth.6ppt,It is worth making an appointment before you go.,去之前预约一下是值得的。,3.下列句型中常用不定式作主语。,It+be+名词+to do sth.,It takes/took sb.+some time+to do sth.,It+be+difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary.+for sb.+to do,sth.,It+be+careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,silly,stupid,wise.+,of sb.to do sth.,Its our duty to take good care of the old.照顾好老人是我们的责任。,7,ppt精选,It is worth making an appointm,How long did it take you to finish the work?你花了多长时间来完成这项,工作?,It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in an hour.我们难以,在一小时内完成这篇作文。,It is stupid of you to write down everything(that)the teacher says.你把老,师说的所有东西都记下来是很愚蠢的。,8,ppt精选,How long did it take you to fi,二、非谓语动词作宾语,单句填空,1.(2017全国卷)Fast food is full of fat and salt;by,eating,(eat)more,fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.,答案,eating介词by之后接名词、代词、动名词作宾语,故空格处填,eating。,2.(2017福建龙岩五校期中)Very often,opportunities come quietly and go,by without,being noticed,(notice).,答案,being noticed句意:机会常常是悄无声息地来,又默默而去。介,词(without)后需用动名词作宾语;主语与notice之间为逻辑上的被动关,系,故用being noticed。,语境运用,9,ppt精选,二、非谓语动词作宾语语境运用9ppt精选,3.I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver,but he refused,to stop,(stop)until we reached the next stop.,答案,to stoprefuse之后接不定式作宾语,故空格处填to stop。,10,ppt精选,10ppt精选,(一)下列动词一般用不定式作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀:,决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装。,主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮。,decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,care,pretend;,offer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help。,She pretended not to see me when I passed by.,当我经过时,她假装没看见我。,We agreed to meet here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.,我们约好了在这里见面,但是她到现在还没有露面。,用法精讲,11,ppt精选,用法精讲11ppt精选,此外,afford,strive,happen,wait,threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。,(二)下列动词或词组一般用动名词作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀:,考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想。,避免错过继续练,否认完成就欣赏。,禁止想象才冒险,不禁介意准逃亡。,consider,suggest/advise,look forward to,excuse/pardon;admit,delay/put off,fancy(想象,设想);avoid,miss,keep/keep on,practice;deny,finish,enjoy/ap-,preciate;forbid,imagine,risk;cant help(禁不住),mind,allow/permit,es-,cape。,(三)接动名词作宾语的短语或句式:,be used/accustomed to,lead to,devote to,go back to,stick to,object to,get,12,ppt精选,此外,afford,strive,happen,wait,t,down to,pay attention to,cant stand(无法忍受),give up,feel like,insist on,be busy,have difficulty(in),have a good/wonderful/hard time(in),spend time,(in),how/what about.,There is no sense in.。,(四)形式宾语it:,当不定式作宾语时,如果后有形容词或名词作宾补,常用it作形式宾语,而真正的宾语需要后置,放在宾补之后,即“主语+consider/think/find/,feel/make/believe+it+,adj,./,n,.+to do sth.”。,13,ppt精选,down to,pay attention to,cant,三、非谓语动词作定语,单句填空,1.Jim has retired,but he still remembers the happy time,spent,(spend),with his students.,答案,spent句意:Jim已经退休了,但是他依然记得和他的学生们度过,的快乐时光。空格处作the happy time的后置定语,且表示被动完成,故,空格处填过去分词spent。,2.The airport,to be completed,(complete)next year will help promote,tourism in this area.,答案,to be completed空格处在句中作名词airport的后置定语,且二,者是逻辑上的被动关系,动作是将来的,故应用不定式的被动形式。,语境运用,14,ppt精选,三、非谓语动词作定语 语境运用14ppt精选,3.There are many different ways,to spend,(spend)their spare time.,答案,to spend名词way之后常接不定式作后置定语。故空格处填to,spend。,15,ppt精选,3.There are many different way,1.非谓语动词作定语时的区别:,过去分词done常表被动完成;现在分词doing常表主动进行,being done常,表被动进行;不定式to do常表主动将来,to be done常表被动将来。需要,注意的是,不定式的进行式和完成式、现在分词的完成式一般不作定,语。,Id like you to look at a study conducted in Australia in 2012.我想让你看,一下2012年在澳大利亚进行的一项研究。,The room is empty except for a bookshelf standing in one corner.除了一个,用法精讲,16,ppt精选,用法精讲16ppt精选,书架立在角落,这间屋子空空的。,There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long,stay on the Moon.在我们准备在月球上长久停留之前,还有许多问题需,要解决。,2.ability,ch
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