高中英语Unit2TheUnitedKingdom培优练习（含解析）

Unit 2 The United Kingdom 培优练习 (时间：100 分钟；满分：120 分) 一、阅读理解(共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分) A The brain is a remarkable part. Its responsible for thoughts and feelings. Now a new study finds that going through tough times as a kid also can have an impact. The adult brains of people who lived through lots of stress before the age of sixand then became depressed or anxious as teenagerswere different compared with adults who had an easier childhood. It seems that teens changed the shape of their brains by internalizing (使内在化) the stresses experienced years earlier. Researchers already knew that the shape and size of a childs brain can change in response to lots of stress. They also knew that adults were more likely to be depressed if，as kids，theyd lived in poverty. Some studies showed that these depressed adults had unusual changes in their brain shape. But no one had tested if the early stress and later brain changes were linked. Scientists in England studied almost 500 boys from birth until the ages of 18 to 21. Sarah Jensen is one of the new studys authors. Almost all of the boys her team studied experienced some hard times as kids. And, she concludes， “This is not necessarily harmful.”To some extent，thats just life. What can be dangerous，she says，is when children experience too many forms of difficulties. Her teams new data suggest that the tougher the childhood，the stronger the impact on the brain might be. Whats happening in the world around us relates to how we feel. Her team linked more childhood stress to more depression. Still，she notes，its possible that if you find support for anxiety or depression，you might be able to prevent the changes seen here.“If you can change the environment，you can change the course of things， ”Sarah says. So，she recommends，if teens develop anxiety or depression，its good to ask for psychological doctors to give advice. 1When people had a hard childhood， Athey will have a brave attitude to life Btheir way of thinking may be strange Cthey will be good at dealing with stress Dthe shape of their brain may be changed 2What is the breakthrough of the new research? AThe size of the brain can change. BThe brain can be influenced by stress. CPoverty can affect the brains shape in future. DChanges in brain are connected with earlier hardship. 3Its a problem when children Ahad a lonely childhood Bled a peaceful childhood Cgot different kinds of hardship Dexperienced limited hard times 4For teenagers with anxiety，Sarah suggests . Athey adapt to their life Bthey seek professional help Cthey talk to friends or relatives Dthey become confident and optimistic B Without proper planning，tourism can cause problems. For example，too many tourists can crowd public places that are also enjoyed by the inhabitants of a country. If tourists create too much traffic，the inhabitants become annoyed and unhappy. They began to dislike tourists and to treat them impolitely. They forget how much tourism can help the countrys economy. It is important to think about the people of a destination country and how tourism affects them. Tourism should help a country keep the customs and beauty that attract tourists. Tourism should also advance the wealth and happiness of local inhabitants. Too much tourism can be a problem. If tourism grows too quickly，people must leave other jobs to work in the tourism industry. This means that other parts of the countrys economy can suffer. On the other hand，if there is not enough tourism，people can lose jobs. Business can also lose money. It costs a great deal of money to build large hotels，airports，air terminals，firstclass roads，and other support facilities needed by tourist attractions. For example，a major international class tourism hotel can cost as much as 50 thousand dollars per room to build. If this room is not used most of the time，the owner of the hotel lose money. Building a hotel is just a beginning. There must be many support facilities as well，including roads to get to the hotel，electricity，sewers to handle waste，and water. All of these support facilities cost money. If they are not used because there are not enough tourists，jobs and money are lost. 5Which of the following do you think has been discussed in the part before this selection? AIt is extremely important to develop tourism. BBuilding roads and hotel is essential. CSupport facilities are highly necessary. DPlanning is of great importance to tourism. 6Too much tourism can cause all these problems EXCEPT Aa bad effect on other industries Ba change of tourists customs Covercrowdedness of places of interest Dpressure on traffic 7It can be inferred from the text that Athe author doesnt like tourism developing so fast Blocal people will benefit from tourist attractions Cother parts of a countrys economy wont benefit from tourism much Dwe cant build too many support facilities 8The author thinks it is good for local people to know that tourism will Awaste a lot of money Bweaken their economy Chelp establish their customs Dhelp improve their life C Londoners are great readers. They buy vast numbers of newspapers and magazines and of books especially paperbacks， which are still comparatively cheap in spite of everincreasing rises in the costs of printing. They still continue to buy “proper”books，too，printed on good paper and bound(装订) between hard covers. There are many streets in London containing shops which specialize in bookselling. Perhaps the best known of these is Charring Cross Road in the very heart of London. Here bookshops of all sorts and sizes are to be found，from the celebrated one which boasts of being “the biggest bookshop in the world” to the tiny，dusty little places which seem to have been left over from Dickens time. Some of these shops stock， or will obtain，any kind of books，but many of them specialize in secondhand books，in art books，in foreign books，in books on philosophy，politics or any other of the countless subjects about which books may be written. One shop in this area specializes only in books about ballet! Although it may be the most convenient place for Londoners to buy books，Charring Cross Road is not the cheapest. For the really cheap secondhand books，the collector must venture off the beaten track，to Farringdon Road，for example，in the East Central district of London. Here there is nothing so impressive as bookshops. The booksellers come along each morning and pour out their sacks of books onto small handcarts. And the collectors，some professionals and some amateurs，have been waiting for them.In places like this they can still，occasionally，pick up for a few pence an old one that may be worth many pounds. 9 “Londoners are great readers.” means that ALondoners are great because they read a lot Bthere are a great number of readers in London CLondoners are readers who read only great books DLondoners read a lot 10According to this passage，Charring Cross Road Ais in the suburbs of London Bis famous for its bookshops Ccontains various kinds of shops Dis the busiest street in London 11In this passage，what does the underlined part “venture off the beaten track” mean? ABuy books in a most busy street. BMove away from a busy street. CWaste time looking for books. DTake a risk of losing ones life. 12On Farringdon Road， Ayou can find fine bookshops for the latest books Bthere are only small bookshops for the secondhand books Cyou can see booksellers selling books on handcarts Dthe same books as the ones in the bookshops of Charring Cross Road are sold D Three men traveling on a train began a conversation about the worlds greatest wonders. “In my opinion， ”the first man said， “the Egyptian pyramids are the worlds greatest wonder. Although they were built thousands of years ago，they are still standing. And remember：the people who built them had only simple tools. They did not have the kind of machinery that builders and engineers have today.” “I agree that the pyramids in Egypt are wonderful， ” the second man said， “but I do not think they are the greatest wonder.I believe computers are more wonderful than the pyramids. They have taken people to the moon and brought them back safely. In seconds，they carry out mathematical calculations that would take a person a hundred years to do.” He turned to the third man and asked， “What do you think is the greatest wonder in the world？” The third man thought for a long time，and then he said， “Well，I agree that the pyramids are wonderful，and I agree that computers are wonderful，too. However，in my opinion，the most wonderful thing in the world is this thermos.” And he took a thermos out of his bag and held it up. The other two men were very surprised.“A thermos？” they exclaimed. “But thats a simple thing.” “Oh，no，its not， ”the third man said.“In the winter you put in a hot drink and it stays hot. In the summer you put in a cold drink and it stays cold. How does the thermos know whether its winter or summer？” 13The three men could not agree on what the worlds greatest wonder was because Athey could not think of anything very wonderful Bthey all had different ideas Cthey could not prove that their opinions were right Dthe journey ended too soon 14The first man thought the pyramids were the most wonderful things in the world because Athey were very beautiful Bthey were Egyptian Cthey had been built with very simple tools Dthey could do mathematical calculations 15The third man thought a thermos was the most wonderful thing in the world because Ait lasted longer than the pyramids Bit cost less than a computer Che thought it knew whether it was winter or summer Dthe other two men were surprised when he told them about it 二、阅读填句(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多 余选项。 If something that youre doing doesnt challenge you，then it doesnt change you. We all need some normal stress in our lives，after all. 16 So challenge the following limits： 1Figure out what youre scared of and do it continuously. If youre a salesman，and youre scared of talking to people personally or over the phone，now，instead of being scared and thinking youll fail，spend at least five minutes a day to pick up the phone and make a call. 17 But dont stop on the first try！Eventually ，you can look at fear in the eyes and say， “Go on，Im not scared！” 2 18 Make sure this hobby is not linked to your career；you have to relax and relieve your stress while performing this. Some examples might be cooking，sewing，painting and so on. Apart from helping you challenge yourself，taking a class for your hobby may also give you extra income. 3Set aside at least nine minutes a day for physical exercise. 19 A simple 9minute run around your neighborhood can do wonders for yourself. Exercise can not only help you maintain your regular weight，but also make you feel better about yourself. 4Travel and allow yourself to be interested in new people. Dont just limit yourself to your fellow travelerstry to connect with the service staff. You never know what kind of people theyre going to be. Get out of your house or go online right now to book your class. 20 AYou should do it continuously. BSomeone may hang up on you. CYou dont need to go to the gym. DRunning in the gym may be a better choice. EStart to travel now and learn to challenge yourself. FTake a class for a hobby youve been wanting to develop. GYou can never see any improvement if you stick to your comfort zone. 三、完形填空(共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中，选出可以填入空白处 的最佳选项。 While driving home today，I passed a man who was holding a sign，begging for donations. I had 21 dollar(s) in my wallet. I decided that I was not going to give 22 money was so tight right now. Then，I felt it 23 not to give，and therefore I 24 to give him half of what I had. I rolled down my window and 25 him one dollar. He said， “God bless you！”and I said， “You too.”It was not a full 26 As I 27 away，I wished that I had 28 more to him，and I wished that I had given him all that I had，but instead I was too 29 to give more of myself. On my way home，I wondered why helping others didnt make me happy. I wondered if I had 30 a powerful universal lawthe law of giving from my 31 instead of my head. Perhaps just 32 not giving it all from my heart，I had blocked (阻塞) what I need to 33 right now. I did not feel guilty， 34 I did feel sad in my heart over my 35 My giving was from my head，not my heart. Now I 36 have the other dollar in my wallet. I hope that I will have a 37 soon to give it all. It is true that all of us should have courage to 38 all that we have. Though we do 39 money to buy our own children food and clothes，Christmas presents，socks，toilet paper and so on，we are 40 to try our best to help those in need of our help. 21A. one Btwo Cthree Dfour 22A. if Bthough Cwhen Dbecause 23A. necessary Bnormal Cunimportant Dwrong 24A. decided Brefused Casked Dagreed 25A. showed Blent Chanded Dowed 26A. deal Bexchange Cbusiness Dgreeting 27A. walked Bturned Cran Ddrove 28A. spoken Bproved Cadmitted Dreferred 29A. pleased Bsure Cafraid Dbusy 30A. passed Bignored Cremembered Dpracticed 31A. mouth Bhand Cmind Dheart 32A. by Bafter Cupon Dover 33A. admit Breceive Cblame Davoid 34A. and Bso Cor Dbut 35A. choice Bfailure Cdifficulty Dfear 36A. already Beven Cstill Dalmost 37A. way Bchance Cright Dduty 38A. enjoy Bvalue Cgive Dtrust 39A. need Blose Cearn Dborrow 40A. prepared Bforced Csupposed Dforbidden 四、语法填空(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 On keeping a diary in English Keeping a diary in English is one of the effective ways to improve our English writing ability. 41 (compare)with other forms of writing，it is shorter and takes 42. (little) time. It can help us to develop the habit of thinking in English. 43. we keep practising，gradually well learn how to express ourselves in English. On keeping a diary in English，we certainly meet with many 44. (difficult) Firstly，45. often happens that we have trouble 46. (find) appropriate words and phrases to give expression to our mind. Secondly，there are many idiomatic ways of saying things in Chinese. And it is extremely hard for us to put them into English properly. As far as I 47. (concern)，my suggestion is that we should always have a notebook and a ChineseEnglish dictionary within easy reach. Whenever we meet with something that we dont know how to express in English，we can first put it 48. in our notebook and then refer to our dictionary. We can also turn to our English teacher for help，if necessary. In short，I believe that it is very 49. (use) to keep a diary in English for 50. development of our writing skills. 五、短文改错(共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分) 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中 共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2只允许修改 10 处，多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。 Hello，everyone！I would like to share my travel experience for you. Last summer，ours school had an exchange programme with an American school，but I took part in it with many classmates. We stay at host families，that gave us an opportunity to learn more about America. The main part of our programme was to experience the school life in the America. Compare with Chinese students，American students were very open and active. Besides，they had less homeworks and fewer exams. During the visit，I made friends with some American students，who were very interesting in Chinese culture. I think the programme is of great benefit to us as well the American students. 六、书面表达(满分 25 分) 假如你是青岛某旅游公司的导游，你负责接待一个来自英国的旅游团，请你写一篇导 游词，简要介绍一下你所在的城市。内容要点如下： 1位于山东省东部。 2以蓝色的大海、美丽的海滨而闻名，是避暑胜地。 3每年夏天都有来自全国和世界各地的成千上万的人们到这里沿海漫步、游泳、购物、 观赏秀丽景色。 词数：100 左右。开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Ladies and gentlemen， Welcome to Qingdao. Im very delighted to be your guide here. Id 答案和解析 一、阅读理解 【语篇解读】本文为说明文，题材为科普环保类。研究表明童年经历的压力和困难会影 响到成年时的大脑的形状和大小。 1. D【解析】推理判断题。由第一段可知，六岁以前经历许多压力，且青少年时期变得抑 郁和焦虑的孩子，长大后其大脑与其他人的不同。 2. D【解析】推理判断题。由第二段 But no one had tested if the early stress and later brain changes were linked 可知，这是第一次把早期的压力和后期的大脑变化联 系起来。 3. C 【解析】细节理解题。由第三段 What can be dangerous，she says，is when children experience too many forms of difficulties 可知，经历不同种类的苦难对孩 子是很不利的。 4. B【解析】细节理解题。由最后一段.its good to ask for psychological doctors to give advice 可知，Sarah 建议寻求专业心理医生的帮助。 【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。主要论述了发展旅游与保护当地居民权益之间会存在 一些问题。 5. D【解析】推理判断题。文章一开始就讲到了如果没有适当的计划，旅游业可能面临一 些问题。与前文从正反两方面来论述。因此可以断定选文前的一段应该是从正面论述的。 6. B【解析】细节理解题。文章提到了旅游业应促进旅游地当地人习俗的保持，暗含现在 可能是改变或破坏了他们的习俗，但是并未提到会改变游客的习俗问题，因此正确答案为 B 项。 7. B 【解析】推理判断题。可利用排除法，也可直接根据“They forget how much tourism can help the countrys economy， ”一句推断得出结论。 8. D【解析】推理判断题。由全文可知，A、B、C 三项明显不符合旅游业的好处，也违背 了常理，因此正确答案为 D 项。 【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了伦敦的书店，从出名的书店到街边小推车书摊等。 9. D【解析】句意猜测题。由第一段可知，伦敦人买大量的报纸、杂志和书籍来阅读，故 D 项正确。 10. B 【解析】细节理解题。由第二段的“There are many streets in London containing shops which specialize in bookselling.Perhaps the best known of these is Charring Cross Road in the very heart of London.”可知 B 项正确。 11. B【解析】短语猜测题。由语境可知，要想买便宜的二手书就要离开这些方便的书店去 伦敦东部，那儿有人把书放在推车上卖，也就是“从繁忙的街道到僻静的地方” ，故 B 项正 确。 12. C【解析】细节理解题。由第三段的“The booksellers come along each morning and pour out their sacks of books onto small handcarts.”可知 C 项正确。 【语篇解读】这是一篇故事。三个坐火车旅行的人对“什么世界上最伟大的奇迹”这 一问题给予了不同的回答。 13. B【解析】推理判断题。通读全文可知，对于“世界上最伟大的奇迹是什么”这一问题 三人各有各自的观点。故本题选 B。 14. C【解析】细节理解题。由第二段后两句可知选 C。 15. C【解析】推理判断题。由短文最后一段可得出答案。 二、阅读填句 1620GBFCE 三、完形填空 【语篇解读】本文为夹叙夹议文，题材为日常生活类。作者因为没有尽其所能去帮助他 人而遗憾，也因此意识到我们应该发自内心地尽最大努力去帮助那些需要帮助的人。 21. B 【解析】由第二段.give him half of what I had.him one dollar 和倒数第 二段 Now I 36 have the other dollar in my wallet 可判断，作者总共只有两美元。 22. D【解析】因为目前手头很紧，所以作者决定不给钱。 23. D【解析】由作者随后返回可判断，他认为一分钱都不给是不对的，所以决定返回给钱。 24. A【解析】参见上题解析。 25. C【解析】由 He said， “God bless you！”可知，作者递给了乞丐 1 美元。 26. B【解析】由上句乞丐和作者的对话可知，他们的语言交流非常简单。 27. D【解析】由文章第一句 While driving home today 及第二段 I rolled down my window 可知，作者是开车走的。 28. A【解析】由上一段可知，他们的语言交流很少，所以作者想要是对他多说一些话就好 了。 29. C【解析】作者现在只是心里这么想，但其实他当时就是不敢多说一句，也不敢将钱都 给别人。 30. B【解析】作者没有尽其所能，也不是发自内心想帮助他人，所以他觉得自己忽略了 一条助人的原则。 31. D【解析】由下文 not giving it all from my heart 的提示可判断选 D 项。 32. A【解析】或许正是通过未发自内心地帮助他人，作者此时才没能感受到助人的快乐。 33. B【解析】作者本来能接受到那种助人之后的好心情的，但如今没有，由此语境可判断 选 B 项。 34. D【解析】作者心里不内疚，但是很难过，由前后的转折关系可判断选 D 项。 35. A【解析】作者选择给 1 美元而不是 2 美元，因此而难过，故选 A 项。 36. C【解析】给出 1 美元后现在依然还有 1 美元，故选 C 项。 37. B【解析】作者希望很快会有机会给出这 1 美元，故选 B 项。 38. C【解析】由上文.I wished that I had given him all that I had 的提示再结 合下一句的意思可判断选 C 项。 39. A【解析】尽管我们确实需要钱来给孩子们买东西，但我们也应该尽最大努力去帮助需 要帮助的人，由此语境可判断选 A 项。 40. C【解析】参见上题解析。 四、语法填空 41Compared【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处的 it 与 compare 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系， 故用过去分词作状语，表示被动。 42less【解析】考查形容词的用法。此处意为：写日记花更少的时间。little 的比较级 是 less。 43If【解析】考查连词的用法。此处意为：如果我们保持练习，我们会逐渐学会用英语 表达自己。 44difficulties【解析】考查名词的用法。many 修饰可数名词复数。 45it【解析】考查代词的用法。此处是 it 作形式主语，真正的主语是 that 引导的从句。 46(in)finding【解析】考查非谓语动词。have trouble (in)doing sth.“做某事遇到 了麻烦” 。 47am concerned【解析】考查固定结构。as far as I am concerned“在我看来” 。 48down【解析】考查动词短语。此处意为：我们先把它记在笔记本上。put down“记下” 。 49useful【解析】考查形容词的用法。is 是系动词，后接形容词作表语。 50the【解析】考查冠词的用法。此处特指“我们写作技能的发展” 。 五、短文改错 Hello，everyone！I would like to share my travel experience you.Last forwith summer， school had an exchange programme with an American school， I oursour butand took part in it with many classmates.We at host families， gave us staystayed thatwhich an opportunity to learn more about America.The main part of our programme was to experience the school life in America. with Chinese the CompareCompared students，American students were very open and active.Besides，they had less and fewer exams.During the visit，I made friends with some American homeworkshomework students，who were very in Chinese culture.I think the programme is interestinginterested of great benefit to us as well the American students. as o(sup7( ) 六、书面表达 【参考范文】 Ladies and gentlemen， Welcome to Qingdao. Im very delighted to be your guide here. Id like to take this opportunity to give you a brief introduction of our city. Qingdao lies in the east of Shandong Province. It is famous for its blue sea and beautiful beaches. Tens of thousands of people from all over the world come to visit the city every summer. You can walk a