模块教学从句讲义

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,大学英语模块教学语法专题讲座 从句部分,外国语学院 李晓梅,1,英语语法中从句的分类,宾语从句（Object Clause）,主语从句（Subject Clause）,表语从句（Predicative Clause),同位语从句（Appositive Clause）,定语从句（Attributive clause）,状语从句（Adverbial clause）,2,宾语从句,定义:宾语从句就是一个,句子作动词或,介词的宾语,。,三要素：,连接词,、,语序,和,时态,。,3,宾语从句的连词,从句连词,陈述句 that或将that省略,一般疑问句if/whether,在whetheror not,结构中不能用if替换,特殊疑问句what/when/where/,which/who/how,4,宾语从句的连词练习,1,.,I dont know _ he will come tomorrow_ he comes，Ill tell you,A.if；Whether,B.whether；Whether,C.if；That,D.if；If,5,宾语从句的语序,陈述句语序,1,.Could you tell me _ the radio without any help？,A.how did he mend,B.what did he mend,C.how he mended,D.what he mended,6,宾语从句的语序,陈述句语序,2.The small children dont know _.,A.what is their stockings in,B.what is in their stockings,C.where is their stockings in,D.what in their stockings,7,宾语从句的语序,陈述句语序,3,.Who do you think _ as their favorite singer this year?,A.might the public choose,B.the public might choose,8,宾语从句的时态,主、从句时态一致,主句从句,一般现在时各种时态,一般过去时各种相应过去时态,从句描绘客观事实,用一般现在时,一般将来时一般现在时（“主将从现”）,9,宾语从句的时态,He answered that he was listening to me.,Father told me that practice _ perfect.,A.made B.makes,C.has made D.would make,10,宾语从句,其它特殊情况(1),否定前移/反意问句（主句主语是第一人称）,在think/believe/suppose/guess/imagine/expect 等动词后跟宾语从句否定式时，应转移到主句上去；反意疑问句应与从句主、谓保持一致。,I dont think you are right,are you?,I dont believe they have finished their work yet,have they?,11,宾语从句,其它特殊情况(2),建议suggest,advise,要求demand/desire/require/request/propose,决,定,decide,命令 order,command,坚决主张 insist,后跟宾语从句，用,(should)+v（虚拟语气）,I suggested that you(,should)study,hard,He ordered that we(,should)go,out at once,12,宾语从句,其它特殊情况(3),如果宾语从句后有宾语补足语，用it作形式宾语，把宾语从句后置,You may think it strange,that he would live there,13,宾语从句,其它特殊情况(4),宾语从句that在以下情况下不能省略:,当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他不能省略。,I believe,(that),you,have done your,best and that things will get best?,当it作形式宾语时,She made it clear,that,she had nothing,to do with him,当宾语从句前置时,That our team will win，I believe,14,宾语从句,其它特殊情况(5),有时候可以用it 作形式宾语，把宾语从句放后面,此类动词有,think，,find,feel,consider,make,believe,I,thought,it impossible that,he could finish this job in just two hours.,I,think,it necessary that,we take plenty of hot water every day.,We all,find it important that,we(should)make a quick decision about this mater.,He,left it to my judgment whether,we should continue this project.,15,宾语从句,其它特殊情况(6),介词、形容词宾语从句,I know nothing about my new neighbor,except that,he used to work with a company.,The new book is,about how,Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.,He is,glad that,Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.,16,主语从句,主语从句就是,主语由一个句子来充当,。,引导词,that,whether,who,what,which;,连接副词有,when,where,how,why,等,这些连接词的选择主语看他们在,从句中是什么意思和做什么成分,，如：,17,主语从句,Whathewantedtosee,wasanendtoall,thearmiesoftheworld.,Whokilledthescientist,remainsaquestion.Whetherwecancontrolthefloodsisstilluncertain.,Whenthebroadcaststationwillbeready,is,unknown.,HowtheywenttoUSA,iswhatIwanttoknow.,18,有时候that引导的主语从句其主语由形式主语,it,来充当,例如：,Itisadj./n.that Itissaid/reported/thought.that,Itiscertainthat,fuelslikecoalandoilcausealotofpollution.,Itishopedthat,youllbeabletovisitourcityinthenearfuture.,主语从句,变型,19,用一个句子作为表语,，说明主语是什么或者怎么样，和连系动词一起构成谓语。,表语从句一定要用,陈述语序,。,连接词有：,that,what,who,when,where,which,why,whether,how,whoever，whomever，whichever，whatever,等。,The problem is,when we can get a pay rise.,表语从句,20,主语+连系动词+连词+一个句子作表语,His suggestion,is,that we should stay calm.,The question,is,when he can arrive at the hotel.,That,is,why you see this old woman before you.,He has,become,what he wanted to be ten years ago.,She has,remained,where I stood yesterday for an hour.,表语从句,21,在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句，一般,跟在某些名词后面,，用以,说明该名词表示的具体内容,，如：,I heard the news,that,our team had won,I had no idea,that,you were here,我不知道你在这里。,同位语从句定义,22,可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有:,news，idea，fact，promise，question，hope，doubt，thought，message，report,suggestion，words（消息），possibility,Ive come from Mr.Wang with a message,that,he wont be able to see you this afternoon,同位语从句修饰的名词,23,引导词：,that，whether,；连接副词,how,when,where,等。,l have no idea,When,he will be back,He must answer the question,whether,he agrees to it or not.,同位语从句连词,24,有时同位语从句可以,不紧跟在说明的名词后面,，而被别的词隔开。,Several years later，,word,came,that,Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them,The thought,came to him,that,maybe the enemy had fled the city,他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。,同位语从句特殊情况,25,同位语从句与定语从句的区别,（1）,同位语从句,与前面的名词是,同位关系,，即说明,它前面名词的内容；而,定语从句,与前面的名词,是,修饰与被修饰,关系，即限定它前面的名词范,围，或补充一些情况。,The news that,l have passed the exam is true,我通过了考试这一消息是真的。（同位语从句）,The news that,he told me just now is true,他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。（定语从句）,26,引导,同位语从句,的连词是,that,，在从句中不充当任何成份，引导,定语从句的that,是,关系代词,，除起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。,The,idea that,computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.,（that在从句中不充当任何成份）,The idea that,he gave surprises many people,（that在从句中作gave的宾语）,同位语从句与定语从句的区别,（2）,27,定语从句是由,关系代词,或,关系副词,引导的从句，其作用是,作定语,修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为,形容词性从句,，一般,紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面,。,关系代词,有,that,which,who,whom,whose,as,等,关,系副词,有,where,when,why,等。,关系词常有3个作用：,连接作用，引导定语从句,。,代替主句中的先行词，主句中的一部分或整个主句,。,