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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,虚拟语气S,ubjunctive,M,ood,(I),GRAMMER,语法,2024/10/10,陈述语气,I went to the theatre yesterday.Jack hadnt come back home yet.,祈,使语气,Lets go.Dont touch anything on the table until the bell rings.,一,.,语气的分类,英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气,:,陈述语气,祈使语气,和,虚拟语气,。不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。,用来叙述事实,表示说话人的建议、请求或命令,虚拟语气,If I were you,I would not leave her alone.Our teacher suggested that we go to the library this afternoon.,(The Subjunctive Mood),表示说话人所说的话不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主愿望、假设推测,.,If you wants to know,Ill tell you.,如果你想知道，我会告诉你的,If I were you,I would do it like that.,如果我是你，我会像那样做,If I had had your telephone numbers,I would have,called you yesterday.,如果我有你的电话号码，我昨天就打给你了,Lets enjoy some sentences.,真实条件句,虚拟条件句,虚拟条件句,条件句表示主句的条件,分,真实条件句,和,虚拟条件句,两种。,a.,真实条件句,表示条件是真的或有可能实现的,采用陈述语气。,b.,虚拟条件句,表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的,采用虚拟语气。,虚拟语气分为三个时间段,1,、表示与,现在,事实相反的假设,2,、表示与,过去,事实相反的假设,3,、表示与,将来,事实相反的假设,(1),表示与,现在事实相反,的假设,虚拟语气,E.g.If I,were,a boy,I,would,join the army.,从句,的谓语动词用：,主句,的谓语动词用：,过去式（,be,动词用,were,）,would/should/could/might,+,动词原形,What,would,you do if you,won,the lottery?,If I,won,the lottery,I,would,If I,won,the lottery,I,would,buy an expensive,car.,If I,had,a lot of money,I,would,buy a villa(,别墅,).,a.If they _(be)here,they _(take)your advice.,b.If you _,(misunderstand)me,I _(be)sorry.,d.If I _(be)in your position,I _(ask)for teachers help.,were,would take,misunderstood,would be,PRACTICE 1:Fill in the blanks.,were,would ask,(2).,与,过去,的事实相反,从句的谓语,用,:,主句的谓语,用,:,had,过去分词,should/would/could/might,have,动词过去分词。,E.g.,If you had come earlier,you would have met the famous star.,If he,_,(drive),more carefully,he,_,(have),the car accident yesterday.,had driven,would not have had,If I _(learn)how to swim,I _ trapped in this island.,had learnt,would not have been,a.If Tom _(be)more careful in the exam,he _(pass)it already.,b.If you _(get)up earlier,you _(catch)the first train.,c.If I _(meet)you yesterday,we _(go)to the concert together.,had been,would have passed,had got,would have caught,PRACTICE 2:Fill in the blanks.,had met,would have gone,(3).,与,将来,事实相反,从句谓语用,:,should/would/could/might,动词原形,主句谓语用,:,一般过去式(be动词用were),should+动词原形,were to+动词原形,E.g.,If you lived here for a while,you would like it,too.,If he,got,up early,he,would be,on time.,假如他来了,我们对他说什么呢？,If he,were to,come,what,should,we say to him?,如果明天下雪，我们怎么办？,What,should,we do if it,were to snow,tomorrow?,a.If there _(be)no natural,resource any more,we _(make),use of nuclear power.,b.What _(happen)if you _(get up)too late tomorrow?,c.If Robots _(control)the,world some day,here _(be)no,friendship.,should be,should make,would happen,should get up,PRACTICE 3:Fill in the blanks,were to control,would be,1.,虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法,if,条件从句,从句谓语形式,主句谓语形式,与,现在,事实相反,与,过去,事实相反,与,将来,事实相反,动词过去式,(或were),should/would/could/might+动词原形,had+过去分词,should/would/could/might+,have+过去分词,should/would/could/might+动词原形,1.should+动词原形,2.动词过去式,3.were to+动词原形,注意：,1.条件,从句,中的谓语部分如果有,were，should,或,had,时，if可省略，,从句要部分倒装,。,If he,were to,come,what,should,we say to him?,Were he to come,what should we say to him?,If he,should,see me,he,would,know me.,Should he see me,he would know me.,If you,had,come earlier,you would have met the,famous star.,Had you come earlier,you would have met the,famous star.,2.有时句中没有条件从句，而是通过上下文或介词短语来表示，这种叫含蓄虚拟条件句。,常用的介词有：,without(如果没有),but for(要不是),otherwise(要不然),or(否则),He said that the driver must have had an accident;,otherwise,he would have arrived by then.,If the driver hadnt had an accident,he would have arrived,Without,water,there would be no life.,If there were no water,there would be no life.,If,it hadnt been for,the help from the doctor,the little boy,would have lost his life.,But for,the help from the doctor,the little boy would have,lost his life.,3.有时条件从句和主句的动作发生的时间不一致的时候，其,谓语动词的形式则根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的虚拟语气形式,。这种句子叫错综时间条件句。,If you,had taken,the medicine yesterday,you,would be,well now.,如果你昨天吃了药，今天病就好了,If you,had worked,hard last year,you,wouldnt be sitting,here now.,如果你去年努力工作，你现在就不会坐在这里了,高考真题链接,1.,（,2011,江西卷,T28,）,We,Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.,A,will putB,will have putC,would putD,would have put,【解析】选D,。考查虚拟语气。句意为：要不是因为他最近受伤，我们本应该把,john,的名字放进昨天的比赛名单中了。这是一个含蓄性虚拟语气，可以写成,if,引导的一个主从句。,Would have done,表本应该做而没有做。选,D,。来源,:Z_xx_k.Com,2.,（,2011,陕西卷,T22,）,I _through that bitter period without your generous help.,A.couldnt have gone B.didnt go,C.wouldnt go D.hadnt gone,【解析】选A,。考查虚拟语气的用法。句意：如果没有你的热心帮助，我肯定无法度过那段艰难的日子。根据句意可知，此句为对过去事情的假设，主句应该为,“,情态动词,+have done”,结构,构，故,A,项正确。,3.,（,2011,天津卷,T15,）,I _ sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.,A.had come B.was coming C.would come D.would have come,【解析】选,D,。考查虚拟语气，句意为：我就会早点来了，只是我不知道他们在等我。题干中,but I didnt know.,用了过去式，表示过去的事实，主句应表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，相当于,If I had known that they were waiting for me,I would have come sooner.,4.,（,2011,福建卷,T34,）,Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.,I,it,but I was busy preparing for a job inter
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