商业伦理讲义

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,上海交通大学管理学院,商业伦理,主讲：,张兴福博士,美国大亨欺诈成风,池北偶,诗,朱根华,画,环球时报,20020722,美国隐患重重，企业欺诈成风。,大亨编造假账，犹如鬼斧神工。,或是虚报收入，或是隐瞒亏空。,前有环球安然，后有默克世通,一个接着一个，丑闻层出不穷。,股票变成废纸，引起一片惶恐。,害苦众多股民，愁煞白宫诸公。,此风遏制不易，前途未卜吉凶。,难弄，难弄！,商业伦理,课程大纲,商业伦理引言,高峰体验、佛家生命观（形而上学部分）,商业伦理基本理论（哲学部分）,现代功利论：,第五项修炼,现实中的伦理议题（实务部分，见下页）,现实中的伦理议题,公司与员工,公司与客户,公司与股东,公司与供应商,公司与竞争对手,公司与政府,公司与社区、社会,公司与自然环境保护,跨国公司与全球伦理,从企业文化到伦理型公司,Fortune 500,强，,90%,的公司有成文的伦理守则；,60%,以上的美国大企业和,50%,的欧洲大企业设有企业伦理机构；,美国制造业和服务业前,1000,家企业中，,20%,聘有伦理主管；,90,年代中期，,40%,左右的美国企业进行了伦理培训。,欧美公司伦理建设的情况,1987,年，,John Shad,捐款,2000,万美元给哈佛商学院，倡议开设“决策与伦理价值”课程，,HBS,从,1988,年起开设；,截止,1993,年，美国,90%,的商学院开设了企业伦理方面的课程；,80,年代以来，企业伦理学方面的研究机构、出版物在美国、加拿大、欧洲、南美、中东、日本、韩国纷纷问世。,国外企业伦理教学研究状况,在美国，企业如果违反了消费者的利益，究竟要付多少罚款？,根据美国裁判委员会的资料，罚款的多寡由一组因素决定。这组因素包括：,企业是初犯还是前科累累？,是否曾向有关方面举报罪行？,是否愿意承担责任？,是否与有关方面合作？,是否有有效措施防止或监察不法行为？,最多,最少,有防止犯罪措施，举报，肯负责,274,68.5,只有防罪措施,1096,548,无措施、无举报、不合作、不肯负责,2740,1370,无措施,无举报,不合作,不负责,高层参与,5840,2740,违反消费者利益罚款数目（单位：万美元）,实例,Acme,公司被裁定邮政欺诈罪。控方指出,Acme,一贯滥收那些损坏了租赁汽车用家的维修费用，同时也收取了一些用户无需负责的维修费用。在未被法庭定罪之前，,Acme,已归还那些被多收取费用的顾客总数接近,4000,万美元的巨款。,法官引用了“,1991,年联邦裁决指引”作为裁判的基础，下令,Acme,缴交,685,万美元，约为顾客损失总数的一半。,上海交通大学管理学院,商业伦理引言,主讲：,张兴福博士,Learning Objectives,What is“business ethics?”,Why do so many people think“business ethics”is an,oxymoron,?(Why are people cynical and what can we do about it?),Is business ethics a,fad,or an afterthought?,Can business ethics be taught?,What is Ethics?,Ethics can be understood as sets of formal and informal,standards of conduct,that people use to guide their behavior.,These standards are based in part on principles derived from,core values,such as honesty,respect and trust.,Ethics Resource Center,So.What is,Business Ethics,?,The principles,norms and standards of conduct governing an individual or a group.,Trevino&Nelson,Managing Business Ethics,.NY:Wiley,1999.P.4,Ethics Examples:,The,Six Pillars of Character,by The Josephson Institute of Ethics,Trustworthiness,:,honesty,integrity,promise-keeping,loyalty,Respect:,autonomy,privacy,dignity,courtesy,tolerance,acceptance,Ethics Examples:,Responsibility:,accountability,pursuit of excellence,Caring:,compassion,consideration,giving,sharing,kindness,loving,Ethics Examples:,Justice and fairness:,procedural fairness,impartiality,consistency,equity,equality,due process,Civic virtue and citizenship:,law abiding,community service,protection of environment,“,Ethical Dilemmas,”,.a textbook definition,Situations concerning right and wrong where values are in conflict.,Trevino&Nelson,Managing Business Ethics,.NY:Wiley,1999.P.4,An Ethical Dilemma.,.arises in a situation when each alternative choice or behavior is undesirable because of potentially harmful ethical consequences.Right or wrong cannot be clearly identified.,(Daft&Marcic,p.137),Are we cynical about ethics?,But Sir,you said to install video monitors,where ever we suspected unethical activity.,A Workplace Perspective on Cynicism,“What values should we live by?What are we here to do?,Modern workplaces offer little help in finding answers to these perplexing queries.As a result,too many of us drift along,with little sense of direction and without a moral compass to guide us through the ethically slippery world of work.,This deepens our,discouragement,about work and,ultimately,about life.You probably know people who are situationally smart but,spiritually bankrupt.,The Management Challenge,Jeffrey M.Kaplan,The Conference Board,Program Director.,Many companies proclaim the creation or expansion of business ethics and compliance programs,with great fanfare and the best of intentions.,But often businesses are unable to maintain the credibility of their programs,over the long run,with devastating consequences for employees,shareholders,and others.”,Why are,managers,cynical about Business Ethics?,General Corporate Values&Goals,Business preoccupation with gain,Perception that only results are important,Competition rather than collaboration,Corporate Response to Ethical Issues,Generally accepted unethical practices in certain industries.,Acceptance of unethical behavior,Ineffective enforcement of ethics codes,Failure to reinforce ethical behavior,Why are,managers,cynical about Business Ethics?,How common is misconduct at work.,About one in every three employees observe misconduct at work.,types of misconduct observed most frequently include:,Lying;,Withholding needed information;,Abusive or intimidating behavior toward employees;,Mis-reporting actual time or hours worked;and,Discrimination.,The Good News:Survey of Workplace Ethics,found that employee perceptions and key ethics outcomes are,more positive,when:,Organizations have ethics programs in place,Employees see ethical values like honesty,respect and trust applied frequently at work,and,Organizational leaders and supervisors are seen as modeling ethical behavior.,2000 National Business Ethics Survey,Is Business Ethics a Fad or an Afterthought?,Results from Attention to business ethics!,Substantially improved society,Helps