Formation (构词法)

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Word-formation,(构词法),英语主要有三种构词法,:,1.,派生,(Derivation):,2.,合成,(Compounding):,3.,转化,(Conversion),派生,(Derivation):,合成,(Compounding):,转化,(Conversion):,通过加前缀或后缀构成另外一个词,:e.g.happy-,un,happy (,加前缀,),-happi,ness,(,加后缀,),由两个或更多的词合成一个词,:e.g.wood(,木,)+cut(,刻,)-woodcut(,木刻,),由一个词类转化为另一个词类,:e.g.,water(n.),水,-water(v.),浇水,Derivation,in,visi,ble,dis,agree,ment,dis,honest,y,im,possibil,ity,non,-conduct,or,inter,nation,al,il,logic,al,re,place,ment,dis,appear,ance,mis,understand,ing,en,large,ment,re,consider,ation,inter,act,ion,un,expect,ed,un,forget,table,un,success,ful,Remember the prefix.,inter-,tele,-,bio-,ex-,over-,trans-,en-,mis,-,re-,sub-,under-,between,far,biology,former/out,too much,across/move,make,wrong,again,under,below,dis,-non-,il,-in-,im,-un-,not,wrong,too much,again,former/out,under,between,below,not,far,biology make across/move,Match the,prefix,with its meaning,.,dis,-non-re-,il,-sub-under-in-,im,-,inter-,tele,-bio-ex-over-un-trans-en-,mis,-,Study the meaning of the words:,inter,national,tele,vision,in,visible,im,possible,il,logical,ir,regular,dis,appear,non,sense,un,forgettable,re,place,mis,understand,en,large,bio,chemistry,sub,way,ex,-wife,under,ground,over,work,trans,port,This dictionary,enables,you to under-stand English words.,2.The fence was,strengthened,with wire.,3.He informed us the news,indirectly,.,hi,-tech,show,cases,展示,break,through,bio,engineering,out,standing,en,able,in,directly,strength,en,前 缀,例 词,a-,构成形容词,副词,asleep,abroad,alone,dis,-,disappear,disagree,en-,enlarge,enable,in-(il-,im-,ir),invisible,illegal,inter-,international,inter-school,mis,-,mistake,misunderstand,re-,return,remarry,tele,-,telephone,telescope,un-;non-,unfit,non-payment,(,否定,),(,使可能,),(,相互,之间,),(,重复,再,),(,远程,),(,不,),(,误,),(,不,非,),后 缀,例 词,名,词,-,er,.,者,Runner,swimmer,-ese.,地方的人,Chinese,Japanese,-ian,精通,的人,地人,musician,Russian,-ist,专业人员,artist,pianist,-ment,性质,状态,government,movement,-ness,性质,状态,business,happiness,-or .,者,visitor,professor,-ion/-tion,表示动作,过程,结果,pollution,suggestion,形容词,:,-al;-an;-,ern,;-,ful,;-,ble,;-,ish,;,-,ive,;-y;-less,表示具有,的性质,或与,有关,e.g.practic,al,Americ,an,south,ern,possi,ble,act,ive,nat,ive,rain,y,care,less,动词,:,-,fy,(,使,化,);-,ize,(,使,成为,),e.g.simpli,fy,(,简化,),satis,fy,real,ize,organ,ize,副词,:,-,ly,表示方式,程度,:,free,ly,bad,ly,tru,ly,-ward(s),表示方向,:,to,wards,for,ward,out,ward,数词,:,-teen,十,four,teen,eigh,teen,-,ty,整十位数,for,ty,fif,ty,-,th,序数词,fif,th,Compounding,1,）合成名词,名词,(,代词,),+,名词,spaceship,she-wolf,名词,+,动名词,machine-building,(,机械制造,),名词,+,及物动词,+,er(or,),pain-killer,(,止痛药,),形容词,+,名词,highway,及物动词,+,名词,breakfast,动词,+,副词,turn-off,合成形容词,形容词,(,数词,)+,名词,+ed cold-blooded,名词,+,名词,+ed potato-shaped,名词,(,代词,)+,分词,hand-made,self-educated,名词,(,代词,)+,形容词,color-blind,形容词,(,数词,)+,名词,/,分词,left-hand,good-looking,副词,+,分词,/,形容词,hard-working,ever-green tree,动词,+,副词,see-through,介词,+,名词,downhill,(3),合成动词,副词,+,动词,ill-treat,虐待,名词,(,代词,)+,动词,mass-produce,大规模生产,形容词,+,动词,safe-guard,保卫,.,合成副词,副词,+,副词,however,代词,+,副词,anywhere,副词,+,名词,downstairs,形容词,+,名词,anyway(,无论如何,),.,合成代词,some,any,no,可以与,-thing,-one,-body,合成代词,.,如,:,anybody,something,nowhere,Conversion,转化,:,是由一词类转化为另一词类,动词转化为名词,E.g.We paid a,visit,to the park yesterday.,注意,:,英语中常用,give,take,have,make,等词构成这一类词组,表示一个动作,.,如,:,give a shout,give a kick,give a talk,take a seat,take a bath;take a rest,have a swim,have a smoke,have a rest,make a bet,make a decision,make a promise,(2),名词转化为动词,e.g.The hall can,seat,two thousand people.,They have,booked,their plane ticket.,(3),形容词转化为动词,e.g.The car,slowed,down to half its speed.,The room gradually,quieted,down.,(4),形容词转化为副词,e.g.How,long,is the line?(,adj,),How,long,have you lived in China?(,adv,),(5),形容词转化为名词,e.g.There is something,wrong,with the car.,He didnt know the difference between,right and,wrong.,(,n,.,),Exercise 2,-ion,construction connection,attraction action,collection direction,expression invention,production protection,suggestion impression,celebration communication,education graduation,pollution contribution,-,ation,admiration,combination,examination,transportation,exploration,imagination,Exercise 3,in,vis,ible,non-,conduct,or,dis,appear,ance,inter,act,ion,mis,understand,ing,un,expected,dis,honest,y,il,logical,en,large,ment,un,forgett,able,im,possibi,lity,re,place,ment,re,consider,ation,un,success,ful,Exercise 4,showcase=show+case,breakthrough=break+through,bioengineering=bio+engineering,outstanding=out+standing,enable=en+able,restore =re+store,indirectly=indirect+,ly,strengthen=strength+en,That man was _enough not to,tell the manager that he would not do,the job.,A.care,B.careful,C.careless,D.carelessness,2.The soldier died for saving the child,so his_ is heavier than Mount Tai.,A.die B.dead C.died D.death,Extra exercises:,3.He is an expert at chemistry.We all,call him a _.,A.chemistryB.chemical,C.chemistD.physician,4.The three-_chair isnt suitable,for a young child.He may fall off.,A.leggingB.legged,C.legsD.,leged,5.Stephenson became the _,railway engineer in the world.,A.leadB.leader,C.lea