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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,游标卡尺、螺旋测微器原理和读数,0,5,10,0,1,10,分度游标卡尺,10,分度游标卡尺的原理,主尺的最小分度是,1mm,游标尺上有,10,个小的等分刻度它们的总长等于,9mm,，,因此游标尺的每一分度与主尺的最小分度相差,0.1mm,当左右测脚合在一起，游标的零刻度线与主尺的零刻度线重合时，只有游标的第,10,条刻度线与主尺的,9mm,刻度线重合,其余的刻度线都不重合。游标的第一条刻度线在主尺的,1mm,刻度左边,0.1mm,处，游标的第二条刻度线在主尺的,2mm,刻度左边,0.2mm,处，等等。,0,5,10,0,1,10,分度游标卡尺的读数,0,5,10,0,1,左右测脚合在一起，游标的零刻度线与主尺的零刻度线重合,0,5,10,0,1,游标的第一条刻度线与主尺的,1mm,刻度重合则左右测脚相距多少？,0.1mm,读数练习,0,5,10,0,1,0.3mm,0,5,10,0,1,1.4mm,0,5,10,0,1,4.1mm,0,5,10,0,1,10.5mm,0,10,20,0,1,2,3,20,分度游标卡尺,20,分度游标卡尺的原理,主尺的最小分度是,1mm,游标尺上有,20,个小的等分刻度它们的总长等于,19mm,，,因此游标尺的每一分度与主尺的最小分度相差,0.05mm,当左右测脚合在一起，游标的零刻度线与主尺的零刻度线重合时，只有游标的第,20,条刻度线与主尺的,19mm,刻度线重合,其余的刻度线都不重合。游标的第一条刻度线在主尺的,1mm,刻度左边,0.05mm,处，游标的第二条刻度线在主尺的,2mm,刻度左边,0.1mm,处，等等。,0,10,20,0,1,2,3,20,分度游标卡尺的读数,0,10,20,0,1,2,3,左右测脚合在一起，游标的零刻度线与主尺的零刻度线重合,0,10,20,0,1,2,3,游标的第一条刻度线与主尺的,1mm,刻度重合则左右测脚相距多少？,0.05mm,读数练习,0,10,20,0,1,2,3,1.00mm,0,10,20,0,1,2,3,3.25mm,0,10,20,0,1,2,3,10.75mm,0,10,20,0,1,2,3,9.40mm,0,5,10,0,1,2,3,另一种,10,分度游标卡尺,主尺的最小分度是,1 mm,游标尺上有,10,个小的等分刻度它们的总长等于,19 mm,，,因此游标尺的每一分度与主尺的最小分度相差,0.1 mm,当左右测脚合在一起，游标的零刻度线与主尺的零刻度线重合时，只有游标的第,10,条刻度线与主尺的,19 mm,刻度线重合,其余的刻度线都不重合。游标的第一条刻度线在主尺的,2mm,刻度左边,0.1 mm,处，游标的第二条刻度线在主尺的,4mm,刻度左边,0.2 mm,处，等等。,游标的第几条刻度线与主尺的刻度线重合，就是零点几毫米。,另一种,10,分度游标卡尺的读数,0,5,10,0,1,2,3,1.7 mm,0,5,10,0,1,2,3,12.1 mm,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,0.10mm,50,分度游标卡尺,下面游标卡尺的读数是多少？,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,10.24mm,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,17.00mm,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,0.64mm,6.18 mm,9.94 mm,04,年江苏高考,11,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,0,1,2,3,2,3,(1),某实验中需要测量一根钢丝的直径,(,约,0.5mm),为了得到尽可能精确的测量数据,应从实验室提供的米尺、螺旋测微器和游标卡尺（游标尺上有,10,个等分刻度）中，选择,进行测量。,(2),用游标卡尺（游标尺上有,50,个等分刻度）测定某工件的宽度时，示数如图所示，此工件,的宽度为,mm,。,螺旋测微器,23.22,读出下面游标卡尺的读数为,。,（看不到头部）,0,5,10,0,1,游标的刻度,10,对应的读数为,11.6mm,，,减去,9mm,即得,2.6mm.,（,将游标卡尺复原如图示）,0,5,10,0,1,2.6mm,0,10,20,0,1,2,3,0.05mm,0,10,20,0,1,2,3,10.80mm,3.30mm,0,10,20,0,1,2,3,读读看！,螺旋测微器,原理：精密螺纹的螺距为,0.5mm,，即,D,每旋转一周，,F,前进或后退,0.5mm,。可动,刻度,E,上的刻度为,50,等份，每一小格表示,0.01mm,。,D,F,E,B,螺旋测微器的读数方法,：,测量时被测物体长度的整数部分有固定刻度上读出，小数部分由可动刻度,E,读出（注意要估读一位数）。读数时，特别要注意固定刻度上表示,0.5mm,的刻度线是否露出。,15,20,5,10,0,10,15,20,5,10,1.601mm,15,20,5,10,0,20,25,30,15,10,9.694mm,15,20,5,10,0,20,25,30,15,10,10.190mm,15,20,5,10,0,10,15,20,5,0,15,20,5,10,0,20,25,30,15,10,3.603mm,8.695mm,如果有系统误差怎么办？,15,20,5,10,0,0,5,10,45,40,15,20,5,10,0,10,15,20,5,10,下面测量的读数分别应该是多少？,1.615mm 1.511mm,15,20,5,10,0,10,15,20,5,0,1992,年高考试题,：如图所示，在测金属丝直径时，螺旋测微器读数如图可知该金属丝直径,d=_,10,3,m,0.900,返回,15,20,5,10,0,40,45,30,35,10,误差的分类与计算,绝对误差,=|,测量值,-,真实值,|,（即测量值与真实值之差的绝对值）,相对误差,=|,测量值,-,真实值,|/,真实值（即绝对误差所占真实值的百分比）,系统误差：,（简单的解释）就是由实验器材所引起的误差。,偶然误差：,（简单的解释）就是由测量者的操作所引起的误差。,
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