资源描述
单击此处编辑母版标题样式,编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,名 词,一、考查重点,可数名词与不可数名词,2.,名词的作用,3.,名词的所有格,4.,名词词义辨析,名词,专有名词（如：,Tom,，,China,，,the United States, January, Monday,),可数,普通名词,物质名词,(,如,water,ice,wood),抽象名词,(,如,:happiness,幸福,),个体名词,(,如：,teacher,教师,),集体名词,(,如：,police,警察,),不可数,考点一 名词的数,名词单数的表达,一般可用,a,，,an,，,one,来修饰,注,：,a,用于,辅音,音素,开头的单词前,an,用于,元音音素,开头的单词前,*,a,book,*,an,English book,*,an h,our,flower,flower,s,找规律,总结规则,watch,es,factory-factori,es,leaf - lea,ves,box,es,NOUN.,可数名词的复数形式,1.,规则变化,(1),一般在词尾加,“,s,”,/s/or/z/,*,dog,dog,s,*,book,book,s,*,cap,cap,s,*,tree,tree,s,(2),以,s,、,x,、,ch,、,sh,结尾的名词加,“,es,”,/iz/,*,box,box,es,*,watch,watch,es,*,bus,bus,es,*,brush,brush,es,注：,stomach,/k/,stomach,s,(3),以,辅音字母,加,y,结尾的名词,变,y,为,i,加,“,es,”,/iz/,*,countr,y,countr,ies,*,bab,y,bab,ies,*,factor,y,factor,ies,*,part,y,part,ies,请区别：如果是元音字母加,y,结尾的名词则只须加,“,s,”,*,boy,boy,s,holiday,-,holiday,s,*,day,-,holiday,s,monkey,monkey,s,(4),以,f,、,fe,结尾的名词,变,f,、,fe,为,v,再加,“,es,”,/vz/,*,hal,f,hal,ves,*,shel,f,shel,ves,*,kni,fe,kni,ves,*,lea,f,lea,ves,特殊,:roof-roofs belief-beliefs proof-proofs,Handkerchief-handkerchief,s,/handkerchie,ves,巧学妙记,找规律,tomato,es,potato,es,Negro,es,NOUN.,黑人,和,英雄,爱吃,西红柿,拌,土豆。,hero,es,(5),以,o,结尾的名词,一般情况加,s,读作,/z/.,potato,，,tomato,，,hero,等除外,*,piano,piano,s,*,zoo,zoo,s,*,radio,-,radio,s,*,bamboo,bamboo,s,woman-wom,e,n,man-m,e,n,NOUN.,2.,不规则变化,(1),变,-,a,为,-e,(2),变元音字母,oo,为,ee,policem,a,n policem,e,n,Frenchm,a,n Frenchm,e,n,(3),单复数同形,Chinese,Chinese fish,fish Japanese,Japanese sheep,sheep,sheep,特殊：,child,ren,请区别：,German(,德国人,) Germans,(“,中日”不变“英法”变，其余,s,加后面,),(4).,常以复数形式出现的名词,people clothes shoes,trousers socks glasses,这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用复数,*,My clothes,are,newer than yours.,1.Several _ are talking under the tree,And they are talking about_.,A,woman; children B,woman; child,C,women; children,2. There are three,in my family.,A. people B. person C. child,3. Some _ came to our school for a visit that day. A. Germans B. Germen,C. Germany D. Germanies,C,A,A,4. In the picture there are many_ and two_.,A. sheeps; knifes B. sheeps; knife,C. sheep; knives D. sheep; knife,5. There are four_and two_in the group.,A. Japanese,，,Germen B. Japaneses,，,Germen,C. Japanese,，,German D. Japanese,，,Germans,D,C,不可数名词,物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词,.,常见的不可数名词,water,rice,fish,meat,work chalk time space music,money weather homework,wood information news medicine,2,不可数名词的数,（,1,) a lot of/lots of, some, much, a little, plenty of ,a bit of,a large amount of,+,不可数名词,(2),数词,+,容器,+of+,不可数名词,a,glass,of,water,two glasses of,water,单个的不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数,*,Some bread,is,over there,.,*,No news,is,good news,.,不可数名词不能直接被,a,an,one,two,等修饰，常用,much,a little,little,a,lot,of,lots of,some,any,，,plenty of,等修饰,*,They had,much,money.,*,He does,little,housework at home,.,*,a rice,(,X,),two bread,(,X,),可数名词和不可数名词都可以用,单位,+of+,名词,表达量，但单位后面的可数名词用复数，不可数名词形式不变,*,a bag of,apples,*,a piece of,paper,*,three glasses of,orange,巩固练习,:,(,1),一茶杯茶 （,2,）一碗饭,（,3,）两公斤肉 （,4,）五瓶橘汁,（,5,）一双鞋 （,6,）许多瓶牛奶,4.,有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情,况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同,glass(,玻璃,) a glass(,玻璃杯,),work(,工作,) a work(,著作,),time(,时间,) times(,次数,),1. Please give me _ paper.,A. one B. a pieces C. a pieceD. a piece of,2. This table is made of_.,A. many glass B. some glasses C. glasses D. glass,3. What can I do for you, sir?,Id like two_.,A.bottle of milk B.bottles of milks,C.bottles of milk D.bottle of milks,4. We can do the work better with_money and,_ people.,A. less, fewer B. fewer, less,C. little, little D. few, few,D,D,C,A,主谓一致,当,people, class, family, team, group, public, police,等集体名词做主语时，如果看成一个整体，动词就用单数；看成一个个具体成员时，就用复数。,e.g The class,are,waiting for her.,Toms family _ rather big. Toms family _ film fans,.,is,are,2.news, maths, politics,表示单数意义，动词用单数。,e.g The news,makes,her very happy.,Maths _ not easy for him.,is,专有名词,：,1.,表示人名 如：,Jim Kate Li Lei Miss Gao,2.,表示地名,:,如,: China USA England Beijing,3.,表示星期、月份等时间概念的名称，如：,Sunday Monday Tuesday January February,4.,表示中外节日：,国际性节日,:New Year May Day Childrens Day,Womens Day,中国节日,: Spring Festival Mid-autumn Day,National Day,西方节日,: Christmas Day Easter(,复活节）,Fathers Day,Mothers Day Saint Valentines Day(,情人节,),5.,机构或一些社会团体的名称，它们往往缩写,如,:,CCTV WTO PLA PRC UFO BBC SOS,NBA IQ EQ,PE RMB VIP,名词的作用,用法,例句,作主语,English,is useful.,作定语,(,一般用单数形式）,paper,tigers,纸老虎,girl,students,女生,作及物动词或介词的宾语,She learns,Chinese,hard every day.,作表语,Tom is my best,friend,.,作宾语补足语,They consider the boy,monitor,.,作同位语,The teacher looked after us,students,well.,作称呼语,La,dies and gentlemen, may I have your attention please?,名词所有格,表示名词间的所有关系,“,的,”,一,.,名词所有格的构成方法,1.,一般情况下，在有生命的名词后加,“,s,”,Kangkang,s,father Lucy,s,book,2.,以,s,结尾的复数名词,则在,s,后加,“,”,即可,Teachers,office The Greens,house,3.,不以,s,结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加,“,s,”,*,Children, s,Day * men, s,shoes,4.,无生命名词的所有关系用,of,加名词，构成所属关系的短语,*,the color,of,the wall,*,a picture,of,the,classroom,5.,如果事物为,2,人或,2,人以上共同所有，,在最后一个名词后加,-,s,;,珍妮和海伦的房间,Jenny and Helen,s,room,6.,如果事物不是,2,人或,2,人共同所有，而是分别有的,则在,2,个名词后,都加,-,s,珍妮的房间和海伦的房间,Jenny,s,and Helen,s,rooms,7.,有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体的等无生,命的东西，也可以加,s,构成所有格,2,小时路程,北京最好的公园,今日的报纸,two hours walk=two-hour walk,Beijings best park,todays newspaper,at my uncles = at my uncles home,at a tailors = at a tailors shop,9.,表示类别的名词作定语，不用所有格,a silk hat cotton cloth,a coffee cup,8.,表示某人的家、店铺、诊所时，常省略所有格,后面的名词,two months vacation a miles distance,1,广东的省会,2,教室的门,3,我父亲的一个朋友,4,他的两个兄弟,5,爱迪生的一些发明,6,他弟弟的一张照片,(,照片属于他弟弟,),7,他弟弟的一张照片,(,照片里的人是他弟弟,),the capital of Guangdong,the doors of the classroom,a friend of my fathers,two brothers of his,some,inventions,of Edisons,a picture of his brothers,a picture of his brother,名词的所有格,Practice,1. June 1st is _Day. All the Children enjoy it very much.,A. Children B. Childrens,C. Childrens D. Child,2. The two bedroom are the _.,A. twins B. twins C .twins D. twins,C,C,重难点突破,3. Lucy is _ sister.,A. Mary and Jack B. Marys and Jacks,C. Mary and Jacks D. Mary and Jacks,D,4. Its _from our school to my home.,ten minutes walk,ten minutes walk,C. ten minute walk,D. ten minutes walk,A,名词的用法,1.,修饰另一名词时,一般用单数,*,There are three,banana,trees over there,.,2.,man woman,用做定语时,应与后面的名词保持数的一致,*,We need,a man teacher,.,*,They are all,women workers,.,3.,sports,clothes,做定语时,仍用复数形式,*,a,sports,star,*,a,clothes,shop,重难点突破,小组讨论以下练习的答案并说明其原因,Our hospital needs two_doctors, Mrs. Li. You can ask your son to have a try.,A. women B. man,C.woman D. men,D,1. The model plane was made by a _ boy.,A. ten-years-old B. ten-year-older,C. ten-year-old D. ten-year old,重难点突破,C,2 Where is Tom?,-He has gone to the _.,A. teacher B. teachers,C. teachers D. teachers,重难点突破,D,名词所有格的几个注意点,可用名词所有格表示地点,地点名词习惯上省略,*,my,aunts,( home,）,(,我姑姑家）,*,go to the,teachers,( office,）,(,去老师办公室）,特别记忆下列用,to,表示的所有格：,the,key,to,the,lock/door,the,key/answer,to,the,question,1 . Could you please get me some _? Im hungry.,A. appleB. water,C. bread D. egg,2. Something is wrong with my_. I cant see anything around me.,A. nose B. ears C. eyes D. mouth,3. Mr. White has a beautiful garden with many _ in it.,A. flowers B. grass C. villages D. water,C,C,A,4. - How far is your cousins home from here?,- Its about two _ drive.,hours B. hours C. hours D. hour,5. Yao Ming did a good job in the basketball match yesterday. He is my favorite _,A. worker B. teacher C. dancer D. player,C,D,6.All the _ teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th,，,because it was their own holiday.,A,man B. men C. woman D. women,7.Ten hours_(be) not eough for us to do it.,D,is,考点四 常考名词词义辨析,1,work,job,工作，多指体力或脑力的努力或活动,不可数名词,工作零工，多指为换取报酬进行的日常活动,可数名词,我也喜欢花园，但我不喜欢艰苦的劳动。,I like gardens too, but I dont,like,hard work.,她正在找工作。,She is looking for a job.,考点四 常考名词词义辨析,2,cook,cooker,厨师,厨具,他是一个好厨师。,He is a good cook.,你的炊具是用燃气还是用电？,Is your cooker gas or electric?,考点四 常考名词词义辨析,3,problem question,困难，客观上存在的待解决的问题，尤其是比较棘手的难题,疑问，询问，主观上需要解答或解释的问题,你能解出这道数学题吗？,Can you work out the maths problem?,他在课堂上问了很多问题。,He asked a lot of questions in class.,考点四 常考名词词义辨析,4,Sound voice noise,自然界各种各样的声音,人的嗓音,噪音,I hate the loud noise outside.,Listen! Can you hear the sound of running,water,?,Lets say it in a loud voice.,考点四 常考名词词义辨析,5,Road street way,具体的公路，马路,街道,道路，途径,There are many buildings on both sides of the,street.,He is driving fast along the,road.,Can you show me the,way,to the museum?,考点四 常考名词词义辨析,6,home house family,家，包括住处和家人,房子，住宅,家庭成员,My _ is very large.,我的房子很大。,I always go _ on foot.,我通常都是走路回家。,My _ is a happy one.,我的家庭是一个幸福的家庭。,home,house,family,考点四 常考名词词义辨析,7,amount number,后接,不可数名词,后接,可数名词,一笔钱,an amount of money,大量的学生,a number of students,考点四 常考名词词义辨析,8,weather climate,一天内具体的天气状况,长期的气候状况,今天天气怎么样？,Whats the weather like today?,这儿的气候不适合你的健康。,The climate here is not good for your health.,
展开阅读全文