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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语构词法,英语构词法主要有,三,种：,转化,、,合成,与,派生,。,英语构词法种类,另外还有,截短,、,缩合,等。,1.,转化,:,是指有一种词类转化为另一种词类。,water,n.,水,-water,vt,.,浇水,常见的转化形式：,动词,-,名词,名词,-,动词,动词,-,名词,stop,vt,.,停止,-,n.,车站,love,vt,.,爱,-,n.,爱,Watch,vt,.,观看,-,n.,手表,record,vt,.,录音,-,n.,纪录,comb,vt,.,梳理,(,头发,)-,n.,梳子,abuse,vt,.,辱骂,-,n.,辱骂,名词,-,动词,hand,n.,手,-,vt,.,上交,seat,n.,座位,-,vt,.,坐,nurse,n.,护士,-,vt,.,护理,oil,n.,油,-,vt,.,上油,time,n.,时间,-,vt,.,定时，测时,shoulder,n.,肩膀,-,vt,.,肩负,mine,n.,矿山,-,vt,.,开矿,barbecue,n.,烧烤,-,vt,.,在烤架上烤,ship,n.,船,-,vt,.,用船装运,finance,n.,金融,-,vt,.,为,提供资金,stain,n.,污点,污迹,-,vt,.,玷污，污染,draft,n.,草稿,-,vt,.,起草,head,n.,头,-,v.,前进,transport,n.,运输,-,vt,.,运输,副词,-,动词,down,adv.,向下,-,v.,放下,副词,-,名词,nowhere adv.,任何地方都不,-n.,无处，无名的地方,形容词,-,名词,freezing,adj.,冰冻的,-,n.,冰点,solid,adj.,固体的,坚实的,-,n.,固体,数词,-,动词,second,num.,第二,-,v.,赞成,-,n.,秒,2.,合成,:,有两个或更多的词合成一个词。,class,班级,+room,房间,=,classroom,教室,warm+heart+ed=,warmhearted,热心肠的,good+looking=,good-looking,相貌好看的,(1),名词,air conditioner blood pressure income tax,(2),形容词,central bank remote control fast food solar system,(3)v-ing,加另一词,washing machine driving license,(4),其他方式,by-product,（副产品）,editor-in-chief,合成形容词,过去分词或带,ed,词尾的构成,absent-minded grey-haired,动词的,ing,或另一词构成,long-suffering far-reaching,(5),合成动词,baby-sit,3.,派生,:,是通过在词根上加,前缀,或者,后缀,构成一个新词。,happy-,un,happy,develop-develo,pment,前缀一般只引起,意思,上的变化而不造成,词类,的变化，只有少数能引起词类的变化。,mis,-,错误的,+understand,v.,理解,-,mis,understand,v.,误解,en+large,adj.,大的,-enlarge,v.,扩大,后缀一般只引起,词性,上的变化而不造成,意思,的变化。,care v.,照料,-care,ful,adj.,细心的,work v.,工作,-work,er,n.,工人,常见的,前缀,(A),表示,否定,的前缀：,un,-unfair,unhappy,non,-nonsmoker,(,常用在,n.adj.adv.,前,),in,-inactive,inhuman,indirect,(,常用在,adj.),dis,-disagree,disappear,im,-impolite,impossible,(,用在,b,p,m,开头的词前,),il,-illegal,ir,-irreal,irregular,(B).,表示,错误,或,失当,的前缀,:,mis,-misjudge,misdirect(,误导,),(C).,表示,向背,的前缀,:,pro,-(,亲，支持,),pro-Chinese,pro-American,anti,-,（,阻止，抗）,antiwar,anti-Japanese war,(D).,表示程度、大小的前缀,super,-,superstar,supermarket,superman,superpower,over,-,overhead,overeat,overuse,mini,-,minibus,miniskirt,mini-car,under,-,underground,underestimate,semi,-(,半，部分,),semicircle,semiskilled,(E).,表示,时间,的前缀,pre,-,prewar,post,-,postwar,fore,-(,前，预先,),foretell,forecast,foresee,weather forecast,(F).,表示,方位,的前缀：,sub,-,subway,submarine,inter,-,international,interclass(,年级之间的）,trans,-(,横过，通过，超越，进入,),transplant,transatlantic,（横渡大西洋的）,常见的,后缀,1.,动词变名词：,-,ation,satisfaction,education,realization,-,ment,development,movement,disappointment,-al,arrival,refusal,-,ee,trainee,（受训者）,employee,-,er,teacher,worker,-or,visitor,sailor,2.,形容词变名词,-,ness,happiness,meanness,carelessness,-,ity,ability,possibility,-,ism,Marxism,criticism,3.,名词变形容词：,-,y,windy,rainy,sandy,-,ish,foolish,feverish,-,some,handsome,troublesome,-,ous,dangerous,humorous,-,ful,helpful,careful,peaceful,3.,名词、形容词变动词：,-,ify,beautify,simplify,-,ize,realize,-,en,quicken,widen,sharpen,但也有一些带后缀的派生词仅仅,改变词义,：,Kingdom:“,职位、状态”,freedom,Boyhood:“,身份，资格”,childhood,Friendship:,情态,状态,性质,身份,职业,技巧,技,能”,leadership,hardship,Spoonful,：,构成名词,mouthful(,满口,一口,),handful(,一把,),4.,截短,:,是指用截头取尾的方法构成新词。,tel,ephone -phone,in,flu,enza,influenz,-flu.,流行性感冒,5.,缩合,:,是指把两个或两个以上的词各取一部分合在一起构成一个新单词。,smoke and fog-,smog,烟雾,T,est,o,f,E,nglish as a,f,oreign,l,anguage,TOEFL,托福,I,nternational,E,nglish,l,anguage,t,est,s,ystem,-IELTS,雅思,1,._(adj.),平静的,和平的,_(n.)_(adv.),2,.()(vi.),抱怨,投诉,()(n.),3,._(adj.),爱交际的,社交的,_(n.),社会,_ (n.),社会主义,4,._(vt.&vi.),减少,降低,_(n.),1,.(,peaceful,)(adj.),平静的,和平的,(,peace,)(n.)(,peacefully,)(adv.),2,.(,complain,)(vi.),抱怨,投诉,(,complaint,)(n.),3.,(,socail,)(adj.),爱交际的,社交的,(,society,)(n.),社会,(,socialist,)(n.),社会主义,4,.(,reduce,)(vt.&vi.),减少,降低,(,reduction,)(n.),5,._(n.),广告,_(v.)_(n.),登广告的人,6,._(adj.),平等的,_(adv.)_(n.),相等,平等,7,._(vi.),比赛,竞争,_(n.),8,._(adv.),幸运地,_(adj.)_(n.),运气,财富,命运,5,.,advertisement,(n.),广告,advertise,(v.),advertiser,(n.),登广告的人,6,.,equal,(adj.),平等的,equally,(adv.),equality,(n.),相等,平等,7,.,compete,(vi.),比赛,竞争,competition,(n.),8,.,fortunately,(adv.),幸运地,fortunate,(adj.),fortune,(n.),运气,财富,命运,exercise,vi.,锻炼，运动,She should exercise more.,They dont,exercise,enough.,My grandfather exercised and became healthier.,vt,.,练习,We should exercise our legs.,He is exercising himself in dancing.,n.(,不可数,),运动，锻炼,I should take more exercise.,Exercise is good for old people.,n.(,可数,),操练，学习中的练习题,Students in this school do eye exercises twice a day.,We do morning exercises every day.,There are seven math exercises to do.,
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