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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Medical English,Translation and,Writing,Presented by,吕 桂,Medical English,Teaching&Research Center,Medical English Translation and Writing,写一篇论文摘要，需要,_,这方面的能力和辛劳,;,写一篇英文论文摘要，需要,_,和,_,两大方面的能力和辛劳。,英文论文摘要写作是,人人都头痛的事,。,词汇（拼写）,词汇（用法：搭配,）,用什么规范的英语句子结构来表达自己论文中的意思,让学生通过大量阅读英美人撰写的表达英美事物的文章，积累语言素材，养成用英语思维的习惯或能力，再养成用地道而规范的英语表达中国环境中的事物的习惯和能力。,英文论文摘要写作是,人人都头痛的事,。,词汇（拼写）,词汇（用法：搭配,）,用什么规范的英语句子结构来表达自己论文中的意思,功能意念,表达句型,训练,指导思想：掌握最基本最常用的大小功能意念义项以及每一个功能意念义项语言表达方式或句型,比较、够不够，疾病与治疗，减轻障碍，可能与不可能，确保与提供，是，数量，特点，条件，完成与进行，需要与变化，因果，有利不利，增强提高，重视忽视，作用与方式,建议：,（,1,）收集一些常用的义项所对应的表达方式。,（,2,）全文翻译或部分翻译。,Acute liver failure is a condition which,despite recent therapeutic advances,results in,mortality as high as 80%,when patients develop coma.,尽管治疗有了很大的进步，在患者出现肝昏迷的时候，急性肝功能衰竭依然导致,80%,的死亡率,。,The essential requirements for,the,metabolic functions,of,a,bioartificial,liver system,are still not well defined,since the,pathophysiology,of acute liver failure and the mechanism leading to death are still under intense investigation.,Ammonia accumulation,is thought to play a major role in,the,pathogenesis,15,16.,Consequently,a high ammonia,detoxification,capacity is a BALSS,prerequisite,.Since most patients with an acute liver failure present high blood,lactate,levels 17,18,it seems important for,BALSS,to be able to,correct the metabolic deficiencies leading to high,lactatemia,.,pathogenesis detoxification,lactatemia,path(o,)-;,gen(o,)-;de-;,lact,-,lacto-,lacti,-,；,-,emia,;,病,;,乳（汁），乳酸；,离，脱，除，解除,;,血（症）,;,生成，生殖，性，基因,乳酸血症；发病学,发病机理；解毒,(,作用,),去毒,(,作用,),；,The essential requirements for,the metabolic functions,of,a,bioartificial,liver system,are still not well defined,since the,pathophysiology,of acute liver failure and the mechanism leading to death are still under intense investigation.Ammonia accumulation,is thought to play a major role in,the pathogenesis 15,16.,Consequently,a high ammonia detoxification capacity is a BALSS prerequisite.Since most patients with an acute liver failure present high blood lactate levels 17,18,it seems important for,BALSS,to be able to,correct the metabolic deficiencies leading to high,lactatemia,.,The essential,sth,for of be still not well defined,since,。,Sth,is thought to play a major role in,。,Consequently,，,it seems important for to be able to,The essential requirements for,the metabolic functions,of,a,bioartificial,liver system,are still not well defined,since the,pathophysiology,of acute liver failure and the mechanism leading to death,are still under intense investigation,.Ammonia accumulation,is thought to play a major role in,the pathogenesis 15,16.,Consequently,a high ammonia detoxification capacity is a BALSS prerequisite.Since most patients with an acute liver failure present high blood lactate levels 17,18,it seems important for,BALSS,to be able to,correct the metabolic deficiencies leading to high,lactatemia,.,由于急性肝功能衰竭导致死亡机制的病理生理,仍然在深入研究之中,，所以生物人工肝系统必须的新陈代谢功能,依然没有很好地界定,。氨中毒,被认为在整个发病机制中占主要地位,；因而，高的氨解毒功能,被认为是,生物人工肝系,必需,。,由于,很多肝功能衰竭患者血中表现出高乳酸水平，生物人工肝系统纠正导致高乳酸血症代谢缺陷功能,看来也很重要,。,Pathological staging was made according to a consensus agreement between two blinded expert pathologists.,两位病理学专家互盲条件下一致确定病理学分期。,批注：这也是一句非常常用的话，留着照抄。,提高医学英语论文（摘要）写作的方法：掌握对应功能意念义项的语言表达方式或句型,（,1,）“功能意念表达句型训练”,最基本最常用的大小功能意念义项以 及每一个功能意念义项目语言表达方式或句型,（,2,）阅读英文文献：,收集丰富的功能意念义项,所对应的表达方式。,小结：,英文论文摘要写作是,人人都头痛的事,。,词汇（拼写）,词汇（用法：搭配,）,用什么规范的英语句子结构来表达自己论文中的意思,（,1,）“功能意念表达句型训练”,最基本最常用的大小功能意念义项以及每一个功能意念义项目语言表达方式或句型（核心词是基本的表达方式或句型）,（,2,）阅读英文文献：收集丰富的功能意念义项所对应的表达方式。（核心词是丰富的表达方式或句型）,中国人英语写作的一个根深蒂固的毛病英文句子结构不规范，写出来的句子深受汉语思维和汉语语言结构的影响。如何克服？,He fell in love with her,，,and she with him,他爱上了她，她也,爱,上了他。,He cried,at,this piece of news.,At times,，,this distinction,of passive,euthanasia,juTE“neizjE,and active euthanasia may be very difficult to make,eu,than,asia,有时，区别被动安乐死和主动安乐死可能很困难。,被动安乐死和主动安乐死的区别可能很困难。,只要看一看这本,中药学,，你就会明白你完全错了。,要想,使药物被迅速,吸收,，就必须仔细监控食物和药物之间的相互作用。,没有遵守用药禁忌，他出现了药物中毒。,有才能，个性好，办事勤快，这位住院医师显然会很快被提升。,只要看一看这本,中药学,，你就会明白你完全错了。,Chinese Herbal Medicine,A glance of,convince,A glance of this Chinese Herbal Medicine will convince you that you are quite wrong,要想使药物被迅速吸收，就必须仔细监控食物和药物之间的相互作用。,the interactions between food and drugs,the interactions between food and drugs should be monitored carefully,The desire for rapid,absorption,necessitate,The desire,for rapid,absorption,necessitates that the interactions between food and drugs be monitored carefully,没有遵守用药禁忌，他出现了药物中毒。,Shu,Fu,Mei,tablets are mainly,indicated,for chronic asthma,indication,contraindication,His failure to observe the contraindication,His failure to observe the contraindication resulted in drug poisoning,有才能，个性好，办事勤快，这位住院医师显然会很快被提升。,aptitude,能力；才能；天资,Resident doctor,would surely be promoted soon,By aptitude,，,personality and work,，,the resident doctor would surely be promoted soon,西方人,;,东方人,:,抽象思维,;,形象思维,用抽象概念表达具体事物，通过抽象去看事物本质，因此语言表达抽象，用抽象名词和介词表达概念。,注重直观把握，追求思想内涵的直观经验和非逻辑性，所以语言表达具体、生动，喜欢用动词来表达具体的行为。,英文论文摘要写作是,人人都头痛的事,。,词汇（拼写）,词汇（用法：搭配,）,用什么规范的英语句子结构来表达自己论文中的意思,掌握对应功能意
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