翻译技巧状语从句翻译

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,状语从句翻译,基本思想：,英语状语从句,依据功能可以分为时间，地点，原因，条件，让步，目的等，尽管引导英语状语从句的从属连词，基本上可以在汉语中找到相对应的关联词，但有时不必翻译。且位置也比较灵活。,英语状语从句,一般说来，英语中表示,方式、比较和结果,等关系的状语从句位于,主句之后,，其它状语从句的位置比较灵活，可前可后。,汉语状语分句,汉语中,多数状语从句是放在主句之前,，只有,比较和结果状语从句位于主句之后,，方式状语从句则可前可后。,翻译关键：选择正确位置，上下连贯,翻译技巧：,1,、,状语从句前置,2,、状语从句后置,3,、从句形式的转换,4,、省略连词,1.英语时间状语从句,1).,不论英语从句在什么位置，译文原则上应放在句 首。如,While she spoke,the tears were running down.,她说话时,，泪水直流。,We shall discuss the problem fully,before we make the decision.,我们,在作出决定之前,要充分讨论这个问题。,1.英语时间状语从句,2),特殊情况,(Until&till),与原文的位置相同,Until radar technique was used in astronomy,Mans knowledge of Venus was still very superficial.,雷达技术应用于天文学以前,，人类对金星的了解还极为肤浅。,在,notuntil/till,结构中，从句前置,The path is,not,completed,till wires are connected.,Do not wire-lock the adaptors,until all tests have been satisfactorily completed.,在圆满完成所有的试验之前,，不要用保险丝将接头锁紧,1.时间状语从句,3),状语从句转换：,有些状语从句从形式上看是某种状语从句，但从其主句和从句的逻辑意义来看，却不属于该种状语从句，而属于另一种从句。此时，汉译时就可根据主句和从句的逻辑意义，进行适当的转换，将其翻译成为另一种句型。,when,可译为“在,.,之后”,Some people develop skin rashes,when they take sulfas.,有些人,服用磺胺药物后,会出现皮疹。,2.,表条件，可译为“若，如果，一旦”,Insurance companies are obliged to recover the cost of everything in it,when it is lost or damaged during the valid period of insurance.,一切经过保险的东西，,如在有效期内,丢失或受损，保险公司要赔偿其成本。,when,3.,表原因,The defense lawyer decided to petition for a new trial,when they found an important new witness,.,由于发现了一名新的重要证人,，辩护律师决定申请重新开庭审讯。（原因）,4.,表让步,While I admit that the problems are difficult,I dont agree that they cannot be solved.,虽然我承认这些问题困难,，但我并不认为它们无法解决。（让步）,before,One must sow,before one can reap.,只有播种,，才能有收获。,(,必要条件句,),。,(,也可译为：一份耕耘，一份收获,),。,Before manned spacecraft could be sent to space,the problem of getting the spacecraft safely back to earth had to be solved.,为了把载人的宇宙飞船送到太空上去,，就必须解决使飞船安全返回地面的问题。,(,目的状语,),2.地点状语从句,地点状语分句是表示时空关系的分句结构。英语地点状语分句可位于主句之前，亦可置于主句之后。,汉语地点状语分句通常位于主句之前,即翻译为前置状语,2.地点状语从句,1),前置,(,无论从句在什么位置,),Make a mark,where there is any doubt or questions.,在有疑问的地方做个记号。,Where it is require to produce flanges,some of the methods already given may be used.,在要求制成凸缘的地方,，可以使用前面说的某些方法。,Where there is clean air and water,there are people who live a long life.,哪里有洁净的空气和水,，哪里的人们就长寿。,2.地点状语从句,2),转换,(,有时可译为条件句,),Where the volt is too large a unit,we use the milli-volt or microvolt.,如果伏特这个单位过大,，我们就应该用毫伏或微伏。,3,）,省略关联词,Where lobbyists used to avoid notoriety and preferred to work behind scenes,many today seek publicity as a useful tool.,过去，游说者往往避免出名，喜欢在幕后工作,如今他们中许多人把抛头露面作为一种有用的手段来追求。,3.原因状语从句,英语原因状语从句通常由从属连词,as,because,since,引导。,由,because,引出的原因状语从句一般置于句末，也可位于句首，通常用来表示直接原因。,由,as,引导的原因状语从句通常位于句首；若置于句末，前面应有逗号分开。表示的原因或理由为说话的对方所知道，,as,通常翻译为,“,由于,”,。,since,引出的原因状语从句通常位于句首，把已知的事实作为推理的依据，说明的原因或理由是说话的双方所明知的事实，因此，,since,往往翻译为,“,既然,”,。,3.原因状语从句,所有的英语原因状语从句在汉语译文中通常为前置，偶尔亦置于句末，此时是对前面意义的补充，翻译为：,之所以,是因为,。,3.原因状语从句,前置,Because two or more steps were involved,the processes came be known as indirect processes,.,因为这些冶炼法需要两步或更多的步骤,，因此被称为间接法,2.,后置,(,有些原因状语至于主句后面，是对主句的补充和说明,),Ductility is also important,because it is a measure of that property of a material which permits it to be cold-worked.,塑性之所以重要,还因为它是材料冷作性能的衡量的尺度,。,3.,原因状语从句,It is frequently said that computers solve problems,only because they are“programmed”to do so.,人们常说,电脑之所以能解决问题,只是因为电脑给输入了解决问题的“程序”。,Since the speaker cant come,well have to cancel the meeting.,既然发言人不能来,，我们不得不取消这次会议。,3.,原因状语从句,3.,省略关联词,(,“,内含因果关系,”,的并列分句,),Since the electrical inventions which Edison had given us were very important,we could not live without themnot for one minute.,爱迪生为我们发明的各种电器太重要了，我们的生活离不开它们,一刻也离不开。,As families move away from their stable community,their friends of many years,and their extended family relationships,the informal flow of information is cut off.,众多家庭搬出安定的社区，离开交往多年的朋友，远离大家庭的其他成员,日常信息来源就此切断。,4.条件状语从句,前置,(,通常译为,“,如果，倘若，只要,就，除非,才,”),If put together and heated to 25 at constant pressure,these substances will result in a new compound.,如果把这些物质放在一起并在常压下加热到,25,，就会产生一种新的化合物。,If the epidemic cannot be controlled effectively,the whole country will come into chaos.,如果这种流行传染病得不到有效控制,整个国家将会陷入一片混乱之中。,4.,条件状语从句,We wont be able to go there on foot,in case it rains.,要是下雨,，咱们就不能步行上那儿去了。,We can realize the goal of our life,if only we work hard.,只要我们努力工作,，就能实现人生目标。,4.,条件状语从句,If I could relive my life,I would lead quite a different life,leaving less regrets.,如果我可以重新过日子,我会生活得截然不同，不会留下这么多遗憾。,2.,后置,(,通常表达补充或说明的意义,),Any body above the earth will fall,unless,it is supported by an upward force equal to its weight.,地球上的任何物体都会落下了，,除非它受到一个大小与其相等的力的支持,4.,条件状语从句,3.,省略关联词（内含条件关系的句子）,If the temperature drops to zero degree centigrade,water freezes.,水在摄氏零度结冰。,If you work hard,you will succeed.,努力工作，就会成功。,If you melt two or more metals together,you can get a new metal.,将两种以上的金属熔化在一起就可产生一种新金属。,4.,条件状语从句,4.,特定的条件分句（,but only if,）,They might be prepared to trim,productionbut only if they are convinced it will firm prices.,它们可能准备削减产量,但条件是,必须先使这些产油国确信,石油价格将保持稳定。,Certainly you can pass the test,but only if you study very hard.,