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过去分词作状语,过去分词作状语，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况。其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，且与主语之间构成逻辑上的“动宾关系或在逻辑上构成“系表构造。过去分词短语在句中担任条件状语，原因状语以及时间状语时，通常放在句首；担任伴随状语或结果状语时，通常放在句末；担任方式状语时，一般位于句末，有时也可位于句首；担任让步状语时，一般位于句首，有时也可位于句末。,.,过去分词担任状语时的语法功能,1),原因状语,Caught in a heavy rain,he was all wet.,因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。,Frightened by the noise in the night,the girl didnt dare sleep in her room.,被夜晚的响声惊吓，那姑娘不敢睡在她的房间里了。,2),时间状语,Asked why he did it,the monitor said it was his duty.,当被问及为何要做这件事时，班长说这是他的职责。,Approached in the dark the bulbs looked lonely and purposeless.,在黑暗走进时，那些电灯显得孤单而无意义。,3)条件状语和假设状语,Grown in rich soil,these seeds can grow fast.,如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。,Given better attention,the accident could have been avoided.,要是多加注意，那次事故就可以防止了。,4),方式或伴随状语,Surrounded by his students,the professor sat there cheerfully.,那位教授在学生们的簇拥下，兴高采烈地坐在那儿。,He stood there silently,moved to tears.,他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。,5)让步状语,Beaten by the police,sent to jail,Gandhi invented the principle of nonviolent resistance.,尽管受警察的殴打，被投入监牢，甘地却首创了非暴力抵抗的原那么。,Defeated again,we did not lose heart.,尽管再次被击败，但我们没有灰心。,6)独立成份(插入语),Given good weather,our ship will reach Shanghai Monday evening.,假设天气好，我们的船将于星期一晚上到达上海。,Put frankly,I dont agree with what he said.,坦白地说，我不同意他所说的话。,.,与状语从句的相互转换,1),过去分词短语作时间状语，可转换为,when,while,或,after,等引导的状语从句。,Seen from the top of the hill,the park looks more beautiful.,When it is seen from the top of the hill,the park looks more beautiful.,从山上往下看，这座公园看起来更加漂亮。,2),作条件状语，可转换为,if,once,或,unless,等引导的状语从句。,Given more time,she would certainly have done much better.,If she had been given more time,she would certainly have done much better.,如果有更多时间的话，她一定会干得更好些。,3),作原因状语，可转换为,as,since,或,because,等引导的状语从句。,The children,exhausted,fell asleep at once.,As the children were exhausted they fell asleep at once.,由于劳累，孩子们很快就睡着了。,4),作让步状语，可转换为,although,though,或,even if,等引导的状语从句。,Although exhausted by the climb,we continued our journey.,Although we were exhausted by the climb,we continued our journey.,我们虽然爬得很累，但我们仍然继续我们的旅程。,5)作方式状语，如有连词as if，就转换为as if引导的方式状语从句；假设无连词，那么转换为并列构造。,He began to cry as if bitten by a snake.,He began to cry as if he was bitten by a snake.,他大叫起来，好似被蛇咬了。,6)作伴随状语，一般转换为并列构造。,Aunt Wu came in,followed by her daughter.,Aunt Wu came in,and(she)was followed by her daughter.,吴大娘走进来，(她)后面跟着她的女儿。,【知识拓展】,1)现在分词与过去分词作状语在“逻辑方面的差异：,现在分词作状语与过去分词作状语的最主要区别在于两者与句子的主语之间的逻辑关系不同。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间通常构成逻辑上的动宾关系。现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系。,Given more attention,the trees could have grown better.,如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。,Not knowing what to do,he went to his parents for help.,由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮助。,2)现在分词与过去分词作状语在“时间方面的差异：,过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，或表示一种状态，与谓语动作同时发生或存在。现在分词的一般式表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或在说话时正在进展；现在分词的完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“主动动作；现在分词的完成式的被动式(having been done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“被动动作，常常和表示次数的短语以及时间段(for短语)连用，此时不能被过去分词所替换。在其它情况下通常被过去分词所替换，从而使句式更简洁。,Written in a hurry,this article was not so good!,因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好！,Reading carefully,he found something he had not known before.,他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。,Having been discussed several times,the decision was finally made.,进展了几次讨论之后，终于作出了决定。,3)局部过去分词因来源于系表构造，作状语时不表示“被动关系，其前不用being.这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost(陷入某种状态)；seated(坐)；hidden(躲)；stationed(驻扎)；lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)；dressed in(穿着)；tired of(厌烦)等。,Lost/Absorbed in deep thought,he didnt hear the sound.,因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音。,Faced with difficulties,we must try to overcome them.,在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法抑制。,4)过去分词用作状语时，前面往往带有when,if,while,though,even if等连词，这样就能使过去分词所表示的意义更加明确。这种带有连词的过去分词构造通常可看作是一种省略句，句中省略的局部总是“主语be的相应变化形式，省略的主语通常与主句的主语一样。,When given a medical examination,you should keep calm.,当你做体格检查时要保持镇定。,Although exhausted by the climb,he continued his journey.,他虽然爬得很累，但他仍继续前进。,5)分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑上的主语要与句子的主语保持一致；否那么分词(短语)就要有自己的逻辑主语(用名词或代词的主格来表示)。这种构造称为独立主格构造。独立主格构造常放在句首。表示时间、条件、原因时，其作用分别相当于一个时间、条件、原因状语从句。表示伴随方式时，相当于一个并列句。,The signal given,the bus started.,信号一发出，汽车就开动了。,The football match(being)over,crowds of people poured out into the street.,足球赛一完毕，人群便涌到大街上。,6)不定式与分词担任状语的差异：,1)不定式在句中可以担任目的状语，结果状语(出乎意料的结果)以及原因状语(通常后置)。,To make himself heard,he raised his voice.,为了被听清楚，他提高了嗓门。,He hurried home,only to find his money stolen.,他匆忙赶到家中，结果却发现钱被盗了。,All of us are surprised to see his rapid progress.,他的进步，我们都很吃惊。,2),分词在句中可以担任除目的状语以外的其他形式的状语。,Seen from the top of the hill,the town is beautiful.,从山上看，这座城市很美。,Defeated,he remained a popular boxer.,虽然被击败了，但他仍然是一位受人尊敬的拳击手。,The guests entered the office,accompanied by the manager.,客人们在经理的陪同下进了办公室。,语法专练,1(2021全国211)Though_to see us,the professor gave us a warm welcome.,Asurprising,Bwas surprised,Csurprised,Dbeing surprised,答案：C此题题意：虽然教授见到我们显得很惊讶，但是他热烈欢送了我们。此题考察状语从句的省略，其完整形式为Though he was surprised to see us，.。,2(2021陕西16)_from the top of the tower,the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.,ASeen,BSeeing,CHaving seen,DTo see,答案：A此题题意：从塔顶看去，山南坡是一片林海。此题考察过去分词短语担任时间状语，动作see与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的“动宾关系。,3(2021浙江8)The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise,if_regularly,can improve our health.,Abeing carried out,Bcarrying out,Ccarried out,Dto carry out,答案：C此题题意：实验结果说明，适度大运动量锻炼如
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